Daily Quote:
Like mother, like daughter[Rashi's commentary on Genesis 34:1]
Daily Study:
Chitas and Rambam for today:
Chumash: Eikev, 3rd Portion Deuteronomy 9:4-9:29 with Rashi
• Deuteronomy Chapter 9
4Do not say to yourself, when the Lord, your God, has repelled them from before you, saying, "Because of my righteousness, the Lord has brought me to possess this land," and [that] because of the wickedness of these nations, the Lord drives them out from before you. דאַל־תֹּאמַ֣ר בִּלְבָֽבְךָ֗ בַּֽהֲדֹ֣ף יְהֹוָה֩ אֱלֹהֶ֨יךָ אֹתָ֥ם | מִלְּפָנֶ֘יךָ֘ לֵאמֹר֒ בְּצִדְקָתִי֙ הֱבִיאַ֣נִי יְהֹוָ֔ה לָרֶ֖שֶׁת אֶת־הָאָ֣רֶץ הַזֹּ֑את וּבְרִשְׁעַת֙ הַגּוֹיִ֣ם הָאֵ֔לֶּה יְהֹוָ֖ה מֽוֹרִישָׁ֥ם מִפָּנֶֽיךָ:
Do not say to yourself: “My righteousness and the nations’ evil brought it about.” אל תאמר בלבבך: צדקתי ורשעת הגוים גרמו:
5Not because of your righteousness or because of the honesty of your heart, do you come to possess their land, but because of the wickedness of these nations, the Lord your God drives them out from before you, and in order to establish the matter that the Lord swore to your forefathers, Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. הלֹ֣א בְצִדְקָֽתְךָ֗ וּבְי֨שֶׁר֙ לְבָ֣בְךָ֔ אַתָּ֥ה בָ֖א לָרֶ֣שֶׁת אֶת־אַרְצָ֑ם כִּ֞י בְּרִשְׁעַ֣ת | הַגּוֹיִ֣ם הָאֵ֗לֶּה יְהֹוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֶ֨יךָ֙ מֽוֹרִישָׁ֣ם מִפָּנֶ֔יךָ וּלְמַ֜עַן הָקִ֣ים אֶת־הַדָּבָ֗ר אֲשֶׁ֨ר נִשְׁבַּ֤ע יְהֹוָה֙ לַֽאֲבֹתֶ֔יךָ לְאַבְרָהָ֥ם לְיִצְחָ֖ק וּלְיַֽעֲקֹֽב:
for the wickedness of these nations: Here [the word] כִּי means“but.” [See Rashi on Deut. 7:17.] לא בצדקתך וגו' אתה בא לרשת וגו' כי ברשעת הגוים: הרי כי משמש בלשון אלא:
6You shall know that, not because of your righteousness, the Lord, your God, gives you this land to possess it; for you are a stiffnecked people. ווְיָֽדַעְתָּ֗ כִּ֠י לֹ֤א בְצִדְקָֽתְךָ֙ יְהֹוָ֣ה אֱ֠לֹהֶ֠יךָ נֹתֵ֨ן לְךָ֜ אֶת־הָאָ֧רֶץ הַטּוֹבָ֛ה הַזֹּ֖את לְרִשְׁתָּ֑הּ כִּ֥י עַם־קְשֵׁה־עֹ֖רֶף אָֽתָּה:
7Remember do not forget, how you angered the Lord, your God, in the desert; from the day that you went out of the land of Egypt, until you came to this place, you have been rebelling against the Lord. זזְכֹר֙ אַל־תִּשְׁכַּ֔ח אֵ֧ת אֲשֶׁר־הִקְצַ֛פְתָּ אֶת־יְהֹוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ בַּמִּדְבָּ֑ר לְמִן־הַיּ֞וֹם אֲשֶׁר־יָצָ֣אתָ | מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֗יִם עַד־בֹּֽאֲכֶם֙ עַד־הַמָּק֣וֹם הַזֶּ֔ה מַמְרִ֥ים הֱיִיתֶ֖ם עִם־יְהֹוָֽה:
8At Horeb, you angered the Lord, and the Lord was incensed with you to destroy you. חוּבְחֹרֵ֥ב הִקְצַפְתֶּ֖ם אֶת־יְהֹוָ֑ה וַיִּתְאַנַּ֧ף יְהֹוָ֛ה בָּכֶ֖ם לְהַשְׁמִ֥יד אֶתְכֶֽם:
9When I ascended the mountain to receive the stone tablets, the tablets of the covenant which the Lord made with you, I remained on the mountain forty days and forty nights; I neither ate bread nor drank water; טבַּֽעֲלֹתִ֣י הָהָ֗רָה לָקַ֜חַת לוּחֹ֤ת הָֽאֲבָנִים֙ לוּחֹ֣ת הַבְּרִ֔ית אֲשֶׁר־כָּרַ֥ת יְהֹוָ֖ה עִמָּכֶ֑ם וָֽאֵשֵׁ֣ב בָּהָ֗ר אַרְבָּעִ֥ים יוֹם֙ וְאַרְבָּעִ֣ים לַ֔יְלָה לֶ֚חֶם לֹ֣א אָכַ֔לְתִּי וּמַ֖יִם לֹ֥א שָׁתִֽיתִי:
I remained on the mountain: Heb. וָאֵשֵׁב. The word יְשִׁיבָה means“staying” [i.e., I stayed on the mountain]. — [Meg. 21a] ואשב בהר: אין ישיבה אלא לשון עכבה:
10and the Lord gave me two stone tablets, inscribed by the finger of God, and on them was [inscribed] according to all the words that the Lord spoke with you on the mountain from the midst of the fire on the day of the assembly. יוַיִּתֵּ֨ן יְהֹוָ֜ה אֵלַ֗י אֶת־שְׁנֵי֙ לוּחֹ֣ת הָֽאֲבָנִ֔ים כְּתֻבִ֖ים בְּאֶצְבַּ֣ע אֱלֹהִ֑ים וַֽעֲלֵיהֶ֗ם כְּכָל־הַדְּבָרִ֡ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר דִּבֶּר֩ יְהֹוָ֨ה עִמָּכֶ֥ם בָּהָ֛ר מִתּ֥וֹךְ הָאֵ֖שׁ בְּי֥וֹם הַקָּהָֽל:
tablets: [This word] is written לוּחֹת [in a singular form, and not, לוּחוֹת, to indicate that] both of them were identical. — [Tanchuma 10] לוחת: לוחת כתיב, ששתיהם שוות:
11And it came to pass at the end of forty days and forty nights, that the Lord gave me two stone tablets, the tablets of the covenant. יאוַיְהִ֗י מִקֵּץ֙ אַרְבָּעִ֣ים י֔וֹם וְאַרְבָּעִ֖ים לָ֑יְלָה נָתַ֨ן יְהֹוָ֜ה אֵלַ֗י אֶת־שְׁנֵ֛י לֻחֹ֥ת הָֽאֲבָנִ֖ים לֻח֥וֹת הַבְּרִֽית:
12And the Lord said to me, "Arise, descend quickly from here, for your people whom you have brought out of Egypt have become corrupt; they have quickly deviated from the way which I commanded them; they have made for themselves a molten image." יבוַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהֹוָ֜ה אֵלַ֗י ק֣וּם רֵ֤ד מַהֵר֙ מִזֶּ֔ה כִּ֚י שִׁחֵ֣ת עַמְּךָ֔ אֲשֶׁ֥ר הוֹצֵ֖אתָ מִמִּצְרָ֑יִם סָ֣רוּ מַהֵ֗ר מִן־הַדֶּ֨רֶךְ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר צִוִּיתִ֔ם עָשׂ֥וּ לָהֶ֖ם מַסֵּכָֽה:
13And the Lord spoke to me [further], saying, "I have seen this people, and, behold, it is a stiffnecked people. יגוַיֹּ֥אמֶר יְהֹוָ֖ה אֵלַ֣י לֵאמֹ֑ר רָאִ֨יתִי֙ אֶת־הָעָ֣ם הַזֶּ֔ה וְהִנֵּ֥ה עַם־קְשֵׁה־עֹ֖רֶף הֽוּא:
14Leave Me alone, and I will destroy them and obliterate their name from beneath the heavens, and I will make you into a nation mightier and more numerous than they." ידהֶ֤רֶף מִמֶּ֨נִּי֙ וְאַשְׁמִידֵ֔ם וְאֶמְחֶ֣ה אֶת־שְׁמָ֔ם מִתַּ֖חַת הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם וְאֶֽעֱשֶׂה֙ אוֹתְךָ֔ לְגֽוֹי־עָצ֥וּם וָרָ֖ב מִמֶּֽנּוּ:
15So I turned and came down from the mountain, and the mountain was burning with fire, and the two tablets of the covenant were on my two hands. טווָאֵ֗פֶן וָֽאֵרֵד֙ מִן־הָהָ֔ר וְהָהָ֖ר בֹּעֵ֣ר בָּאֵ֑שׁ וּשְׁנֵי֙ לוּחֹ֣ת הַבְּרִ֔ית עַ֖ל שְׁתֵּ֥י יָדָֽי:
16And I saw, and behold, you had sinned against the Lord, your God; you had made yourselves a molten calf; you had deviated quickly from the way which the Lord had commanded you. טזוָאֵ֗רֶא וְהִנֵּ֤ה חֲטָאתֶם֙ לַֽיהֹוָ֣ה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֔ם עֲשִׂיתֶ֣ם לָכֶ֔ם עֵ֖גֶל מַסֵּכָ֑ה סַרְתֶּ֣ם מַהֵ֔ר מִן־הַדֶּ֕רֶךְ אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֥ה יְהֹוָ֖ה אֶתְכֶֽם:
17So I grasped the two tablets, cast them out of my two hands, and shattered them before your eyes. יזוָֽאֶתְפֹּשׂ֙ בִּשְׁנֵ֣י הַלֻּחֹ֔ת וָֽאַשְׁלִכֵ֔ם מֵעַ֖ל שְׁתֵּ֣י יָדָ֑י וָֽאֲשַׁבְּרֵ֖ם לְעֵֽינֵיכֶֽם:
18And I fell down before the Lord as before, forty days and forty nights; I neither ate bread nor drank water, because of all your sins you had committed, by doing evil in the eyes of the Lord to anger Him. יחוָֽאֶתְנַפַּל֩ לִפְנֵ֨י יְהֹוָ֜ה כָּרִֽאשֹׁנָ֗ה אַרְבָּעִ֥ים יוֹם֙ וְאַרְבָּעִ֣ים לַ֔יְלָה לֶ֚חֶם לֹ֣א אָכַ֔לְתִּי וּמַ֖יִם לֹ֣א שָׁתִ֑יתִי עַ֤ל כָּל־חַטַּאתְכֶם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר חֲטָאתֶ֔ם לַֽעֲשׂ֥וֹת הָרַ֛ע בְּעֵינֵ֥י יְהֹוָ֖ה לְהַכְעִיסֽוֹ:
And I fell down before the Lord, as before, forty days: As it says, “And now I will go up to the Lord, perhaps I will atone [for the golden calf]” (Exod. 32:30). At that ascent, I stayed there forty days; consequently, these ended on the twenty-ninth of Av, since he [Moses] ascended on the eighteenth of Tammuz. On the same day, God was reconciled with Israel and He said to Moses, “Hew for yourself two tablets” (Exod. 34:1). He [Moses] remained there another forty days; consequently, these ended on Yom Kippur [the tenth of Tishri]. On that very day, the Holy One, blessed is He, was joyfully reconciled with Israel, and He said to Moses, “I have forgiven according to your words” (Num. 14:20). Therefore [Yom Kippur] was designated [as a day] for pardon and forgiveness. And from where do we know that [God] was reconciled [with Israel] in complete acceptance? Because it says referring to the forty [days] of the later tablets, “And I remained on the mountain as the first days” (Deut. 10:10). Just as the first [forty days] were with [God’s] good will, so too, the last [forty days] were with [God’s] good will. We may now deduce that the intermediate [forty days] were with [God’s] anger. — [Seder Olam , ch. 6] ואתנפל לפני ה' כראשונה ארבעים יום: שנאמר (שמות לב, ל) ועתה אעלה אל ה' אולי אכפרה. באותה עלייה נתעכבתי ארבעים יום. נמצאו כלים בכ"ט באב. שהוא עלה בשמונה עשר בתמוז, בו ביום נתרצה הקדוש ברוך הוא לישראל ואמר לו למשה (דברים י, א) פסל לך שני לוחות, עשה עוד ארבעים יום, נמצאו כלים ביום הכפורים. בו ביום נתרצה הקב"ה לישראל בשמחה ואמר לו למשה (במדבר יד, כ) סלחתי כדברך. לכך הוקבע למחילה ולסליחה. ומנין שנתרצה ברצון שלם, שנאמר בארבעים של לוחות אחרונות (דברים י, י) ואנכי עמדתי בהר כימים הראשונים, מה הראשונים ברצון אף אחרונים ברצון, אמור מעתה אמצעיים היו בכעס:
19For I was frightened of the wrath and the fury that the Lord was angry with you to destroy you, and the Lord hearkened to me also at that time. יטכִּ֣י יָגֹ֗רְתִּי מִפְּנֵ֤י הָאַף֙ וְהַ֣חֵמָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר קָצַ֧ף יְהֹוָ֛ה עֲלֵיכֶ֖ם לְהַשְׁמִ֣יד אֶתְכֶ֑ם וַיִּשְׁמַ֤ע יְהֹוָה֙ אֵלַ֔י גַּ֖ם בַּפַּ֥עַם הַהִֽוא:
20And with Aaron, the Lord was very furious, to destroy him; so I prayed also for Aaron at that time. כוּבְאַֽהֲרֹ֗ן הִתְאַנַּ֧ף יְהֹוָ֛ה מְאֹ֖ד לְהַשְׁמִיד֑וֹ וָֽאֶתְפַּלֵּ֛ל גַּם־בְּעַ֥ד אַֽהֲרֹ֖ן בָּעֵ֥ת הַהִֽוא:
And with Aaron, the Lord was very furious: Because he listened to you. ובאהרן התאנף ה': לפי ששמע לכם:
to destroy him: This refers to the destruction of [his] children. Similarly, it states, “And I destroyed his fruit [i.e., children] from above” (Amos 2:9). - [Pesikta Rabbathi, Acharei Moth] להשמידו: זה כלוי בנים. וכן הוא אומר (עמוס ב, ט) ואשמיד פריו ממעל:
so I prayed also for Aaron: And my prayer succeeded to atone for half, thus [only] two [of his sons] died, and two remained [alive]. ואתפלל גם בעד אהרן: והועילה תפלתי לכפר מחצה, ומתו שנים ונשארו השנים:
21And I took your sin the calf, which you had made, and I burned it with fire, and I crushed it, grinding it well, until it was fine dust, and I cast its dust into the brook that descends from the mountain. כאוְאֶת־חַטַּאתְכֶ֞ם אֲשֶׁר־עֲשִׂיתֶ֣ם אֶת־הָעֵ֗גֶל לָקַ֘חְתִּי֘ וָֽאֶשְׂרֹ֣ף אֹת֣וֹ | בָּאֵשׁ֒ וָֽאֶכֹּ֨ת אֹת֤וֹ טָחוֹן֙ הֵיטֵ֔ב עַ֥ד אֲשֶׁר־דַּ֖ק לְעָפָ֑ר וָֽאַשְׁלִךְ֙ אֶת־עֲפָר֔וֹ אֶל־הַנַּ֖חַל הַיֹּרֵ֥ד מִן־הָהָֽר:
grinding: Heb. טָחוֹן. This is the present tense [of the verb], like הָלוֹךְ וְגָדֵל, “continuously growing” (Gen. 26:13), moulant in French, grinding. טחון: לשון הווה כמו (בראשית כו, יג) הלוך וגדל מולאנ"ט בלע"ז [בטחנו]:
22And at Tav'erah, and at Massah, and at Kivroth Hata'avah, you provoked the Lord to anger. כבוּבְתַבְעֵרָה֙ וּבְמַסָּ֔ה וּבְקִבְרֹ֖ת הַתַּֽאֲוָ֑ה מַקְצִפִ֥ים הֱיִיתֶ֖ם אֶת־יְהֹוָֽה:
23And when the Lord sent you from Kadesh Barnea, saying, "Go up and possess the land I have given you," you defied the word of the Lord your God, and you did not believe Him, nor did you obey Him. כגוּבִשְׁלֹ֨חַ יְהֹוָ֜ה אֶתְכֶ֗ם מִקָּדֵ֤שׁ בַּרְנֵ֨עַ֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר עֲלוּ֙ וּרְשׁ֣וּ אֶת־הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֥ר נָתַ֖תִּי לָכֶ֑ם וַתַּמְר֗וּ אֶת־פִּ֤י יְהֹוָה֙ אֱלֹ֣הֵיכֶ֔ם וְלֹ֤א הֶֽאֱמַנְתֶּם֙ ל֔וֹ וְלֹ֥א שְׁמַעְתֶּ֖ם בְּקֹלֽוֹ:
24You have been rebelling against the Lord since the day I became acquainted with you. כדמַמְרִ֥ים הֱיִיתֶ֖ם עִם־יְהֹוָ֑ה מִיּ֖וֹם דַּעְתִּ֥י אֶתְכֶֽם:
25So I fell down before the Lord the forty days and the forty nights that I had fallen down; because the Lord had said to destroy you. כהוָֽאֶתְנַפַּ֞ל לִפְנֵ֣י יְהֹוָ֗ה אֵ֣ת אַרְבָּעִ֥ים הַיּ֛וֹם וְאֶת־אַרְבָּעִ֥ים הַלַּ֖יְלָה אֲשֶׁ֣ר הִתְנַפָּ֑לְתִּי כִּֽי־אָמַ֥ר יְהֹוָ֖ה לְהַשְׁמִ֥יד אֶתְכֶֽם:
And I fell down [before the Lord the forty days… which I had fallen down]: These are the same [forty days] mentioned above (verse 18). And it is repeated here because now the content of his prayer is written, as it is stated [in the next verse],“O Lord God, do not destroy Your people, etc.” ואתנפל וגו': אלו הן עצמם האמורים למעלה (פסוק יח) וכפלן כאן, לפי שכתוב כאן סדר תפלתו, שנאמר (פסוק כו) ה' אלהים אל תשחת עמך וגו':
26And I prayed to the Lord and said, "O Lord God, do not destroy Your people and Your inheritance, which You have redeemed in Your greatness, and which You have brought out of Egypt with mighty hand. כווָֽאֶתְפַּלֵּ֣ל אֶל־יְהֹוָה֘ וָֽאֹמַר֒ אֲדֹנָ֣י יֱהֹוִ֗ה אַל־תַּשְׁחֵ֤ת עַמְּךָ֙ וְנַֽחֲלָ֣תְךָ֔ אֲשֶׁ֥ר פָּדִ֖יתָ בְּגָדְלֶ֑ךָ אֲשֶׁר־הוֹצֵ֥אתָ מִמִּצְרַ֖יִם בְּיָ֥ד חֲזָקָֽה:
27Remember your servants, Abraham, Isaac and Jacob; do not turn to the stubbornness of this people, to their wickedness, or to their sin. כזזְכֹר֙ לַֽעֲבָדֶ֔יךָ לְאַבְרָהָ֥ם לְיִצְחָ֖ק וּלְיַֽעֲקֹ֑ב אַל־תֵּ֗פֶן אֶל־קְשִׁי֙ הָעָ֣ם הַזֶּ֔ה וְאֶל־רִשְׁע֖וֹ וְאֶל־חַטָּאתֽוֹ:
28Lest [the people of] the land from which you brought us out will say, 'Because of the Lord's inability to bring them to the land about which He spoke to them, and because of His hatred toward them, He has brought them out to slay them in the desert.' כחפֶּן־יֹֽאמְר֗וּ הָאָ֘רֶץ֘ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הֽוֹצֵאתָ֣נוּ מִשָּׁם֒ מִבְּלִי֙ יְכֹ֣לֶת יְהֹוָ֔ה לַֽהֲבִיאָ֕ם אֶל־הָאָ֖רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־דִּבֶּ֣ר לָהֶ֑ם וּמִשִּׂנְאָת֣וֹ אוֹתָ֔ם הֽוֹצִיאָ֖ם לַֽהֲמִתָ֥ם בַּמִּדְבָּֽר:
29But they are Your people and Your inheritance, which You brought out with Your great strength and with Your outstretched arm." כטוְהֵ֥ם עַמְּךָ֖ וְנַֽחֲלָתֶ֑ךָ אֲשֶׁ֤ר הוֹצֵ֨אתָ֙ בְּכֹֽחֲךָ֣ הַגָּדֹ֔ל וּבִזְרֹֽעֲךָ֖ הַנְּטוּיָֽה:
Daily Tehillim: Psalms Chapters 90 - 96
• Chapter 90
David found this prayer in its present form-receiving a tradition attributing it to MosesThe Midrash attributes the next eleven psalms to Moses (Rashi).-and incorporated it into the Tehillim. It speaks of the brevity of human life, and inspires man to repent and avoid pride in this world.
1. A prayer by Moses, the man of God. My Lord, You have been a shelter for us in every generation.
2. Before the mountains came into being, before You created the earth and the world-for ever and ever You are Almighty God.
3. You diminish man until he is crushed, and You say, "Return, you children of man.”
4. Indeed, a thousand years are in Your eyes like yesterday that has passed, like a watch of the night.
5. The stream of their life is as but a slumber; in the morning they are like grass that sprouts anew.
6. In the morning it thrives and sprouts anew; in the evening it withers and dries.
7. For we are consumed by Your anger, and destroyed by Your wrath.
8. You have set our wrongdoings before You, our hidden sins before the light of Your countenance.
9. For all our days have vanished in Your wrath; we cause our years to pass like a fleeting sound.
10. The days of our lives number seventy years, and if in great vigor, eighty years; most of them are but travail and futility, passing quickly and flying away.
11. Who can know the intensity of Your anger? Your wrath is commensurate with one's fear of You.
12. Teach us, then, to reckon our days, that we may acquire a wise heart.
13. Relent, O Lord; how long [will Your anger last]? Have compassion upon Your servants.
14. Satiate us in the morning with Your kindness, then we shall sing and rejoice throughout our days.
15. Give us joy corresponding to the days You afflicted us, the years we have seen adversity.
16. Let Your work be revealed to Your servants, and Your splendor be upon their children.
17. May the pleasantness of the Lord our God be upon us; establish for us the work of our hands; establish the work of our hands.
Chapter 91
This psalm inspires the hearts of the people to seek shelter under the wings of the Divine Presence. It also speaks of the four seasons of the year, and their respective ministering powers, instructing those who safeguard their souls to avoid them.
1. You who dwells in the shelter of the Most High, who abides in the shadow of the Omnipotent:
2. I say of the Lord who is my refuge and my stronghold, my God in whom I trust,
3. that He will save you from the ensnaring trap, from the destructive pestilence.
4. He will cover you with His pinions and you will find refuge under His wings; His truth is a shield and an armor.
5. You will not fear the terror of the night, nor the arrow that flies by day;
6. the pestilence that prowls in the darkness, nor the destruction that ravages at noon.
7. A thousand may fall at your [left] side, and ten thousand at your right, but it shall not reach you.
8. You need only look with your eyes, and you will see the retribution of the wicked.
9. Because you [have said,] "The Lord is my shelter," and you have made the Most High your haven,
10. no evil will befall you, no plague will come near your tent.
11. For He will instruct His angels in your behalf, to guard you in all your ways.
12. They will carry you in their hands, lest you injure your foot upon a rock.
13. You will tread upon the lion and the viper; you will trample upon the young lion and the serpent.
14. Because he desires Me, I will deliver him; I will fortify him, for he knows My Name.
15. When he calls on Me, I will answer him; I am with him in distress. I will deliver him and honor him.
16. I will satiate him with long life, and show him My deliverance.
Chapter 92
Sung every Shabbat by the Levites in the Holy Temple, this psalm speaks of the World to Come, and comforts the hearts of those crushed by suffering.
1. A psalm, a song for the Shabbat day.
2. It is good to praise the Lord, and to sing to Your Name, O Most High;
3. to proclaim Your kindness in the morning, and Your faithfulness in the nights,
4. with a ten-stringed instrument and lyre, to the melody of a harp.
5. For You, Lord, have gladdened me with Your deeds; I sing for joy at the works of Your hand.
6. How great are Your works, O Lord; how very profound Your thoughts!
7. A brutish man cannot know, a fool cannot comprehend this:
8. When the wicked thrive like grass, and all evildoers flourish-it is in order that they may be destroyed forever.
9. But You, Lord, are exalted forever.
10. Indeed, Your enemies, O Lord, indeed Your enemies shall perish; all evildoers shall be scattered.
11. But You have increased my might like that of a wild ox; I am anointed with fresh oil.
12. My eyes have seen [the downfall of] my watchful enemies; my ears have heard [the doom of] the wicked who rise against me.
13. The righteous will flourish like a palm tree, grow tall like a cedar in Lebanon.
14. Planted in the House of the Lord, they shall blossom in the courtyards of our God.
15. They shall be fruitful even in old age; they shall be full of sap and freshness-
16. to declare that the Lord is just; He is my Strength, and there is no injustice in Him.
Chapter 93
This psalm speaks of the Messianic era, when God will don grandeur-allowing no room for man to boast before Him as did Nebuchadnezzar, Pharaoh, and Sennacherib.
1. The Lord is King; He has garbed Himself with grandeur; the Lord has robed Himself, He has girded Himself with strength; He has also established the world firmly that it shall not falter.
2. Your throne stands firm from of old; You have existed forever.
3. The rivers have raised, O Lord, the rivers have raised their voice; the rivers raise their raging waves.
4. More than the sound of many waters, than the mighty breakers of the sea, is the Lord mighty on High.
5. Your testimonies are most trustworthy; Your House will be resplendent in holiness, O Lord, forever.
Chapter 94
An awe-inspiring and wondrous prayer with which every individual can pray for the redemption. It is also an important moral teaching.
1. The Lord is a God of retribution; O God of retribution, reveal Yourself!
2. Judge of the earth, arise; render to the arrogant their recompense.
3. How long shall the wicked, O Lord, how long shall the wicked exult?
4. They continuously speak insolently; all the evildoers act arrogantly.
5. They crush Your people, O Lord, and oppress Your heritage.
6. They kill the widow and the stranger, and murder the orphans.
7. And they say, "The Lord does not see, the God of Jacob does not perceive.”
8. Understand, you senseless among the people; you fools, when will you become wise?
9. Shall He who implants the ear not hear? Shall He who forms the eye not see?
10. Shall He who chastises nations not punish? Shall He who imparts knowledge to man [not know]?
11. The Lord knows the thoughts of man, that they are naught.
12. Fortunate is the man whom You chastise, O Lord, and instruct him in Your Torah,
13. bestowing upon him tranquillity in times of adversity, until the pit is dug for the wicked.
14. For the Lord will not abandon His people, nor forsake His heritage.
15. For judgment shall again be consonant with justice, and all the upright in heart will pursue it.
16. Who would rise up for me against the wicked ones; who would stand up for me against the evildoers?
17. Had the Lord not been a help to me, my soul would have soon dwelt in the silence [of the grave].
18. When I thought that my foot was slipping, Your kindness, O Lord, supported me.
19. When my [worrisome] thoughts multiply within me, Your consolation delights my soul.
20. Can one in the seat of evil, one who makes iniquity into law, consort with You?
21. They band together against the life of the righteous, and condemn innocent blood.
22. The Lord has been my stronghold; my God, the strength of my refuge.
23. He will turn their violence against them and destroy them through their own wickedness; the Lord, our God, will destroy them.
Chapter 95
This psalm speaks of the future, when man will say to his fellow, "Come, let us sing and offer praise to God for the miracles He has performed for us!"
1. Come, let us sing to the Lord; let us raise our voices in jubilation to the Rock of our deliverance.
2. Let us approach Him with thanksgiving; let us raise our voices to Him in song.
3. For the Lord is a great God, and a great King over all supernal beings;
4. in His hands are the depths of the earth, and the heights of the mountains are His.
5. Indeed, the sea is His, for He made it; His hands formed the dry land.
6. Come, let us prostrate ourselves and bow down; let us bend the knee before the Lord, our Maker.
7. For He is our God, and we are the people that He tends, the flock under His [guiding] hand-even this very day, if you would but hearken to His voice!
8. Do not harden your heart as at Merivah, as on the day at Massah in the wilderness,
9. where your fathers tested Me; they tried Me, though they had seen My deeds.
10. For forty years I quarreled with that generation; and I said, "They are a people of erring hearts, they do not know My ways.”
11. So I vowed in My anger that they would not enter My resting place.
Chapter 96
The time will yet come when man will say to his fellow: "Come, let us sing to God!"
1. Sing to the Lord a new song; sing to the Lord, all the earth.
2. Sing to the Lord, bless His Name; proclaim His deliverance from day to day.
3. Recount His glory among the nations, His wonders among all the peoples.
4. For the Lord is great and highly praised; He is awesome above all gods.
5. For all the gods of the nations are naught, but the Lord made the heavens.
6. Majesty and splendor are before Him, might and beauty in His Sanctuary.
7. Render to the Lord, O families of nations, render to the Lord honor and might.
8. Render to the Lord honor due to His Name; bring an offering and come to His courtyards.
9. Bow down to the Lord in resplendent holiness; tremble before Him, all the earth.
10. Proclaim among the nations, "The Lord reigns"; indeed, the world is firmly established that it shall not falter; He will judge the peoples with righteousness.
11. The heavens will rejoice, the earth will exult; the sea and its fullness will roar.
12. The fields and everything therein will jubilate; then all the trees of the forest will sing.
13. Before the Lord [they shall rejoice], for He has come, for He has come to judge the earth; He will judge the world with justice, and the nations with His truth.
Tanya: Iggeret HaKodesh, middle of Epistle 5
• Lessons in Tanya
• Today's Tanya Lesson
• Tuesday, 19 AV , 5776 · 23 August 2016
• Iggeret HaKodesh, middle of Epistle 5
• We learned above that the Zohar teaches: “Who makes the Holy Name every day? He who gives charity to the poor.” The relevance of this answer, however, remained obscure. Now, therefore, equipped with the foregoing insights, we revert to the question with which this epistle opened: How does giving tzedakah to the poor “make a Name” for G‑d?
Like mother, like daughter[Rashi's commentary on Genesis 34:1]
Daily Study:
Chitas and Rambam for today:
Chumash: Eikev, 3rd Portion Deuteronomy 9:4-9:29 with Rashi
• Deuteronomy Chapter 9
4Do not say to yourself, when the Lord, your God, has repelled them from before you, saying, "Because of my righteousness, the Lord has brought me to possess this land," and [that] because of the wickedness of these nations, the Lord drives them out from before you. דאַל־תֹּאמַ֣ר בִּלְבָֽבְךָ֗ בַּֽהֲדֹ֣ף יְהֹוָה֩ אֱלֹהֶ֨יךָ אֹתָ֥ם | מִלְּפָנֶ֘יךָ֘ לֵאמֹר֒ בְּצִדְקָתִי֙ הֱבִיאַ֣נִי יְהֹוָ֔ה לָרֶ֖שֶׁת אֶת־הָאָ֣רֶץ הַזֹּ֑את וּבְרִשְׁעַת֙ הַגּוֹיִ֣ם הָאֵ֔לֶּה יְהֹוָ֖ה מֽוֹרִישָׁ֥ם מִפָּנֶֽיךָ:
Do not say to yourself: “My righteousness and the nations’ evil brought it about.” אל תאמר בלבבך: צדקתי ורשעת הגוים גרמו:
5Not because of your righteousness or because of the honesty of your heart, do you come to possess their land, but because of the wickedness of these nations, the Lord your God drives them out from before you, and in order to establish the matter that the Lord swore to your forefathers, Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. הלֹ֣א בְצִדְקָֽתְךָ֗ וּבְי֨שֶׁר֙ לְבָ֣בְךָ֔ אַתָּ֥ה בָ֖א לָרֶ֣שֶׁת אֶת־אַרְצָ֑ם כִּ֞י בְּרִשְׁעַ֣ת | הַגּוֹיִ֣ם הָאֵ֗לֶּה יְהֹוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֶ֨יךָ֙ מֽוֹרִישָׁ֣ם מִפָּנֶ֔יךָ וּלְמַ֜עַן הָקִ֣ים אֶת־הַדָּבָ֗ר אֲשֶׁ֨ר נִשְׁבַּ֤ע יְהֹוָה֙ לַֽאֲבֹתֶ֔יךָ לְאַבְרָהָ֥ם לְיִצְחָ֖ק וּלְיַֽעֲקֹֽב:
for the wickedness of these nations: Here [the word] כִּי means“but.” [See Rashi on Deut. 7:17.] לא בצדקתך וגו' אתה בא לרשת וגו' כי ברשעת הגוים: הרי כי משמש בלשון אלא:
6You shall know that, not because of your righteousness, the Lord, your God, gives you this land to possess it; for you are a stiffnecked people. ווְיָֽדַעְתָּ֗ כִּ֠י לֹ֤א בְצִדְקָֽתְךָ֙ יְהֹוָ֣ה אֱ֠לֹהֶ֠יךָ נֹתֵ֨ן לְךָ֜ אֶת־הָאָ֧רֶץ הַטּוֹבָ֛ה הַזֹּ֖את לְרִשְׁתָּ֑הּ כִּ֥י עַם־קְשֵׁה־עֹ֖רֶף אָֽתָּה:
7Remember do not forget, how you angered the Lord, your God, in the desert; from the day that you went out of the land of Egypt, until you came to this place, you have been rebelling against the Lord. זזְכֹר֙ אַל־תִּשְׁכַּ֔ח אֵ֧ת אֲשֶׁר־הִקְצַ֛פְתָּ אֶת־יְהֹוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ בַּמִּדְבָּ֑ר לְמִן־הַיּ֞וֹם אֲשֶׁר־יָצָ֣אתָ | מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֗יִם עַד־בֹּֽאֲכֶם֙ עַד־הַמָּק֣וֹם הַזֶּ֔ה מַמְרִ֥ים הֱיִיתֶ֖ם עִם־יְהֹוָֽה:
8At Horeb, you angered the Lord, and the Lord was incensed with you to destroy you. חוּבְחֹרֵ֥ב הִקְצַפְתֶּ֖ם אֶת־יְהֹוָ֑ה וַיִּתְאַנַּ֧ף יְהֹוָ֛ה בָּכֶ֖ם לְהַשְׁמִ֥יד אֶתְכֶֽם:
9When I ascended the mountain to receive the stone tablets, the tablets of the covenant which the Lord made with you, I remained on the mountain forty days and forty nights; I neither ate bread nor drank water; טבַּֽעֲלֹתִ֣י הָהָ֗רָה לָקַ֜חַת לוּחֹ֤ת הָֽאֲבָנִים֙ לוּחֹ֣ת הַבְּרִ֔ית אֲשֶׁר־כָּרַ֥ת יְהֹוָ֖ה עִמָּכֶ֑ם וָֽאֵשֵׁ֣ב בָּהָ֗ר אַרְבָּעִ֥ים יוֹם֙ וְאַרְבָּעִ֣ים לַ֔יְלָה לֶ֚חֶם לֹ֣א אָכַ֔לְתִּי וּמַ֖יִם לֹ֥א שָׁתִֽיתִי:
I remained on the mountain: Heb. וָאֵשֵׁב. The word יְשִׁיבָה means“staying” [i.e., I stayed on the mountain]. — [Meg. 21a] ואשב בהר: אין ישיבה אלא לשון עכבה:
10and the Lord gave me two stone tablets, inscribed by the finger of God, and on them was [inscribed] according to all the words that the Lord spoke with you on the mountain from the midst of the fire on the day of the assembly. יוַיִּתֵּ֨ן יְהֹוָ֜ה אֵלַ֗י אֶת־שְׁנֵי֙ לוּחֹ֣ת הָֽאֲבָנִ֔ים כְּתֻבִ֖ים בְּאֶצְבַּ֣ע אֱלֹהִ֑ים וַֽעֲלֵיהֶ֗ם כְּכָל־הַדְּבָרִ֡ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר דִּבֶּר֩ יְהֹוָ֨ה עִמָּכֶ֥ם בָּהָ֛ר מִתּ֥וֹךְ הָאֵ֖שׁ בְּי֥וֹם הַקָּהָֽל:
tablets: [This word] is written לוּחֹת [in a singular form, and not, לוּחוֹת, to indicate that] both of them were identical. — [Tanchuma 10] לוחת: לוחת כתיב, ששתיהם שוות:
11And it came to pass at the end of forty days and forty nights, that the Lord gave me two stone tablets, the tablets of the covenant. יאוַיְהִ֗י מִקֵּץ֙ אַרְבָּעִ֣ים י֔וֹם וְאַרְבָּעִ֖ים לָ֑יְלָה נָתַ֨ן יְהֹוָ֜ה אֵלַ֗י אֶת־שְׁנֵ֛י לֻחֹ֥ת הָֽאֲבָנִ֖ים לֻח֥וֹת הַבְּרִֽית:
12And the Lord said to me, "Arise, descend quickly from here, for your people whom you have brought out of Egypt have become corrupt; they have quickly deviated from the way which I commanded them; they have made for themselves a molten image." יבוַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהֹוָ֜ה אֵלַ֗י ק֣וּם רֵ֤ד מַהֵר֙ מִזֶּ֔ה כִּ֚י שִׁחֵ֣ת עַמְּךָ֔ אֲשֶׁ֥ר הוֹצֵ֖אתָ מִמִּצְרָ֑יִם סָ֣רוּ מַהֵ֗ר מִן־הַדֶּ֨רֶךְ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר צִוִּיתִ֔ם עָשׂ֥וּ לָהֶ֖ם מַסֵּכָֽה:
13And the Lord spoke to me [further], saying, "I have seen this people, and, behold, it is a stiffnecked people. יגוַיֹּ֥אמֶר יְהֹוָ֖ה אֵלַ֣י לֵאמֹ֑ר רָאִ֨יתִי֙ אֶת־הָעָ֣ם הַזֶּ֔ה וְהִנֵּ֥ה עַם־קְשֵׁה־עֹ֖רֶף הֽוּא:
14Leave Me alone, and I will destroy them and obliterate their name from beneath the heavens, and I will make you into a nation mightier and more numerous than they." ידהֶ֤רֶף מִמֶּ֨נִּי֙ וְאַשְׁמִידֵ֔ם וְאֶמְחֶ֣ה אֶת־שְׁמָ֔ם מִתַּ֖חַת הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם וְאֶֽעֱשֶׂה֙ אוֹתְךָ֔ לְגֽוֹי־עָצ֥וּם וָרָ֖ב מִמֶּֽנּוּ:
15So I turned and came down from the mountain, and the mountain was burning with fire, and the two tablets of the covenant were on my two hands. טווָאֵ֗פֶן וָֽאֵרֵד֙ מִן־הָהָ֔ר וְהָהָ֖ר בֹּעֵ֣ר בָּאֵ֑שׁ וּשְׁנֵי֙ לוּחֹ֣ת הַבְּרִ֔ית עַ֖ל שְׁתֵּ֥י יָדָֽי:
16And I saw, and behold, you had sinned against the Lord, your God; you had made yourselves a molten calf; you had deviated quickly from the way which the Lord had commanded you. טזוָאֵ֗רֶא וְהִנֵּ֤ה חֲטָאתֶם֙ לַֽיהֹוָ֣ה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֔ם עֲשִׂיתֶ֣ם לָכֶ֔ם עֵ֖גֶל מַסֵּכָ֑ה סַרְתֶּ֣ם מַהֵ֔ר מִן־הַדֶּ֕רֶךְ אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֥ה יְהֹוָ֖ה אֶתְכֶֽם:
17So I grasped the two tablets, cast them out of my two hands, and shattered them before your eyes. יזוָֽאֶתְפֹּשׂ֙ בִּשְׁנֵ֣י הַלֻּחֹ֔ת וָֽאַשְׁלִכֵ֔ם מֵעַ֖ל שְׁתֵּ֣י יָדָ֑י וָֽאֲשַׁבְּרֵ֖ם לְעֵֽינֵיכֶֽם:
18And I fell down before the Lord as before, forty days and forty nights; I neither ate bread nor drank water, because of all your sins you had committed, by doing evil in the eyes of the Lord to anger Him. יחוָֽאֶתְנַפַּל֩ לִפְנֵ֨י יְהֹוָ֜ה כָּרִֽאשֹׁנָ֗ה אַרְבָּעִ֥ים יוֹם֙ וְאַרְבָּעִ֣ים לַ֔יְלָה לֶ֚חֶם לֹ֣א אָכַ֔לְתִּי וּמַ֖יִם לֹ֣א שָׁתִ֑יתִי עַ֤ל כָּל־חַטַּאתְכֶם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר חֲטָאתֶ֔ם לַֽעֲשׂ֥וֹת הָרַ֛ע בְּעֵינֵ֥י יְהֹוָ֖ה לְהַכְעִיסֽוֹ:
And I fell down before the Lord, as before, forty days: As it says, “And now I will go up to the Lord, perhaps I will atone [for the golden calf]” (Exod. 32:30). At that ascent, I stayed there forty days; consequently, these ended on the twenty-ninth of Av, since he [Moses] ascended on the eighteenth of Tammuz. On the same day, God was reconciled with Israel and He said to Moses, “Hew for yourself two tablets” (Exod. 34:1). He [Moses] remained there another forty days; consequently, these ended on Yom Kippur [the tenth of Tishri]. On that very day, the Holy One, blessed is He, was joyfully reconciled with Israel, and He said to Moses, “I have forgiven according to your words” (Num. 14:20). Therefore [Yom Kippur] was designated [as a day] for pardon and forgiveness. And from where do we know that [God] was reconciled [with Israel] in complete acceptance? Because it says referring to the forty [days] of the later tablets, “And I remained on the mountain as the first days” (Deut. 10:10). Just as the first [forty days] were with [God’s] good will, so too, the last [forty days] were with [God’s] good will. We may now deduce that the intermediate [forty days] were with [God’s] anger. — [Seder Olam , ch. 6] ואתנפל לפני ה' כראשונה ארבעים יום: שנאמר (שמות לב, ל) ועתה אעלה אל ה' אולי אכפרה. באותה עלייה נתעכבתי ארבעים יום. נמצאו כלים בכ"ט באב. שהוא עלה בשמונה עשר בתמוז, בו ביום נתרצה הקדוש ברוך הוא לישראל ואמר לו למשה (דברים י, א) פסל לך שני לוחות, עשה עוד ארבעים יום, נמצאו כלים ביום הכפורים. בו ביום נתרצה הקב"ה לישראל בשמחה ואמר לו למשה (במדבר יד, כ) סלחתי כדברך. לכך הוקבע למחילה ולסליחה. ומנין שנתרצה ברצון שלם, שנאמר בארבעים של לוחות אחרונות (דברים י, י) ואנכי עמדתי בהר כימים הראשונים, מה הראשונים ברצון אף אחרונים ברצון, אמור מעתה אמצעיים היו בכעס:
19For I was frightened of the wrath and the fury that the Lord was angry with you to destroy you, and the Lord hearkened to me also at that time. יטכִּ֣י יָגֹ֗רְתִּי מִפְּנֵ֤י הָאַף֙ וְהַ֣חֵמָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר קָצַ֧ף יְהֹוָ֛ה עֲלֵיכֶ֖ם לְהַשְׁמִ֣יד אֶתְכֶ֑ם וַיִּשְׁמַ֤ע יְהֹוָה֙ אֵלַ֔י גַּ֖ם בַּפַּ֥עַם הַהִֽוא:
20And with Aaron, the Lord was very furious, to destroy him; so I prayed also for Aaron at that time. כוּבְאַֽהֲרֹ֗ן הִתְאַנַּ֧ף יְהֹוָ֛ה מְאֹ֖ד לְהַשְׁמִיד֑וֹ וָֽאֶתְפַּלֵּ֛ל גַּם־בְּעַ֥ד אַֽהֲרֹ֖ן בָּעֵ֥ת הַהִֽוא:
And with Aaron, the Lord was very furious: Because he listened to you. ובאהרן התאנף ה': לפי ששמע לכם:
to destroy him: This refers to the destruction of [his] children. Similarly, it states, “And I destroyed his fruit [i.e., children] from above” (Amos 2:9). - [Pesikta Rabbathi, Acharei Moth] להשמידו: זה כלוי בנים. וכן הוא אומר (עמוס ב, ט) ואשמיד פריו ממעל:
so I prayed also for Aaron: And my prayer succeeded to atone for half, thus [only] two [of his sons] died, and two remained [alive]. ואתפלל גם בעד אהרן: והועילה תפלתי לכפר מחצה, ומתו שנים ונשארו השנים:
21And I took your sin the calf, which you had made, and I burned it with fire, and I crushed it, grinding it well, until it was fine dust, and I cast its dust into the brook that descends from the mountain. כאוְאֶת־חַטַּאתְכֶ֞ם אֲשֶׁר־עֲשִׂיתֶ֣ם אֶת־הָעֵ֗גֶל לָקַ֘חְתִּי֘ וָֽאֶשְׂרֹ֣ף אֹת֣וֹ | בָּאֵשׁ֒ וָֽאֶכֹּ֨ת אֹת֤וֹ טָחוֹן֙ הֵיטֵ֔ב עַ֥ד אֲשֶׁר־דַּ֖ק לְעָפָ֑ר וָֽאַשְׁלִךְ֙ אֶת־עֲפָר֔וֹ אֶל־הַנַּ֖חַל הַיֹּרֵ֥ד מִן־הָהָֽר:
grinding: Heb. טָחוֹן. This is the present tense [of the verb], like הָלוֹךְ וְגָדֵל, “continuously growing” (Gen. 26:13), moulant in French, grinding. טחון: לשון הווה כמו (בראשית כו, יג) הלוך וגדל מולאנ"ט בלע"ז [בטחנו]:
22And at Tav'erah, and at Massah, and at Kivroth Hata'avah, you provoked the Lord to anger. כבוּבְתַבְעֵרָה֙ וּבְמַסָּ֔ה וּבְקִבְרֹ֖ת הַתַּֽאֲוָ֑ה מַקְצִפִ֥ים הֱיִיתֶ֖ם אֶת־יְהֹוָֽה:
23And when the Lord sent you from Kadesh Barnea, saying, "Go up and possess the land I have given you," you defied the word of the Lord your God, and you did not believe Him, nor did you obey Him. כגוּבִשְׁלֹ֨חַ יְהֹוָ֜ה אֶתְכֶ֗ם מִקָּדֵ֤שׁ בַּרְנֵ֨עַ֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר עֲלוּ֙ וּרְשׁ֣וּ אֶת־הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֥ר נָתַ֖תִּי לָכֶ֑ם וַתַּמְר֗וּ אֶת־פִּ֤י יְהֹוָה֙ אֱלֹ֣הֵיכֶ֔ם וְלֹ֤א הֶֽאֱמַנְתֶּם֙ ל֔וֹ וְלֹ֥א שְׁמַעְתֶּ֖ם בְּקֹלֽוֹ:
24You have been rebelling against the Lord since the day I became acquainted with you. כדמַמְרִ֥ים הֱיִיתֶ֖ם עִם־יְהֹוָ֑ה מִיּ֖וֹם דַּעְתִּ֥י אֶתְכֶֽם:
25So I fell down before the Lord the forty days and the forty nights that I had fallen down; because the Lord had said to destroy you. כהוָֽאֶתְנַפַּ֞ל לִפְנֵ֣י יְהֹוָ֗ה אֵ֣ת אַרְבָּעִ֥ים הַיּ֛וֹם וְאֶת־אַרְבָּעִ֥ים הַלַּ֖יְלָה אֲשֶׁ֣ר הִתְנַפָּ֑לְתִּי כִּֽי־אָמַ֥ר יְהֹוָ֖ה לְהַשְׁמִ֥יד אֶתְכֶֽם:
And I fell down [before the Lord the forty days… which I had fallen down]: These are the same [forty days] mentioned above (verse 18). And it is repeated here because now the content of his prayer is written, as it is stated [in the next verse],“O Lord God, do not destroy Your people, etc.” ואתנפל וגו': אלו הן עצמם האמורים למעלה (פסוק יח) וכפלן כאן, לפי שכתוב כאן סדר תפלתו, שנאמר (פסוק כו) ה' אלהים אל תשחת עמך וגו':
26And I prayed to the Lord and said, "O Lord God, do not destroy Your people and Your inheritance, which You have redeemed in Your greatness, and which You have brought out of Egypt with mighty hand. כווָֽאֶתְפַּלֵּ֣ל אֶל־יְהֹוָה֘ וָֽאֹמַר֒ אֲדֹנָ֣י יֱהֹוִ֗ה אַל־תַּשְׁחֵ֤ת עַמְּךָ֙ וְנַֽחֲלָ֣תְךָ֔ אֲשֶׁ֥ר פָּדִ֖יתָ בְּגָדְלֶ֑ךָ אֲשֶׁר־הוֹצֵ֥אתָ מִמִּצְרַ֖יִם בְּיָ֥ד חֲזָקָֽה:
27Remember your servants, Abraham, Isaac and Jacob; do not turn to the stubbornness of this people, to their wickedness, or to their sin. כזזְכֹר֙ לַֽעֲבָדֶ֔יךָ לְאַבְרָהָ֥ם לְיִצְחָ֖ק וּלְיַֽעֲקֹ֑ב אַל־תֵּ֗פֶן אֶל־קְשִׁי֙ הָעָ֣ם הַזֶּ֔ה וְאֶל־רִשְׁע֖וֹ וְאֶל־חַטָּאתֽוֹ:
28Lest [the people of] the land from which you brought us out will say, 'Because of the Lord's inability to bring them to the land about which He spoke to them, and because of His hatred toward them, He has brought them out to slay them in the desert.' כחפֶּן־יֹֽאמְר֗וּ הָאָ֘רֶץ֘ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הֽוֹצֵאתָ֣נוּ מִשָּׁם֒ מִבְּלִי֙ יְכֹ֣לֶת יְהֹוָ֔ה לַֽהֲבִיאָ֕ם אֶל־הָאָ֖רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־דִּבֶּ֣ר לָהֶ֑ם וּמִשִּׂנְאָת֣וֹ אוֹתָ֔ם הֽוֹצִיאָ֖ם לַֽהֲמִתָ֥ם בַּמִּדְבָּֽר:
29But they are Your people and Your inheritance, which You brought out with Your great strength and with Your outstretched arm." כטוְהֵ֥ם עַמְּךָ֖ וְנַֽחֲלָתֶ֑ךָ אֲשֶׁ֤ר הוֹצֵ֨אתָ֙ בְּכֹֽחֲךָ֣ הַגָּדֹ֔ל וּבִזְרֹֽעֲךָ֖ הַנְּטוּיָֽה:
Daily Tehillim: Psalms Chapters 90 - 96
• Chapter 90
David found this prayer in its present form-receiving a tradition attributing it to MosesThe Midrash attributes the next eleven psalms to Moses (Rashi).-and incorporated it into the Tehillim. It speaks of the brevity of human life, and inspires man to repent and avoid pride in this world.
1. A prayer by Moses, the man of God. My Lord, You have been a shelter for us in every generation.
2. Before the mountains came into being, before You created the earth and the world-for ever and ever You are Almighty God.
3. You diminish man until he is crushed, and You say, "Return, you children of man.”
4. Indeed, a thousand years are in Your eyes like yesterday that has passed, like a watch of the night.
5. The stream of their life is as but a slumber; in the morning they are like grass that sprouts anew.
6. In the morning it thrives and sprouts anew; in the evening it withers and dries.
7. For we are consumed by Your anger, and destroyed by Your wrath.
8. You have set our wrongdoings before You, our hidden sins before the light of Your countenance.
9. For all our days have vanished in Your wrath; we cause our years to pass like a fleeting sound.
10. The days of our lives number seventy years, and if in great vigor, eighty years; most of them are but travail and futility, passing quickly and flying away.
11. Who can know the intensity of Your anger? Your wrath is commensurate with one's fear of You.
12. Teach us, then, to reckon our days, that we may acquire a wise heart.
13. Relent, O Lord; how long [will Your anger last]? Have compassion upon Your servants.
14. Satiate us in the morning with Your kindness, then we shall sing and rejoice throughout our days.
15. Give us joy corresponding to the days You afflicted us, the years we have seen adversity.
16. Let Your work be revealed to Your servants, and Your splendor be upon their children.
17. May the pleasantness of the Lord our God be upon us; establish for us the work of our hands; establish the work of our hands.
Chapter 91
This psalm inspires the hearts of the people to seek shelter under the wings of the Divine Presence. It also speaks of the four seasons of the year, and their respective ministering powers, instructing those who safeguard their souls to avoid them.
1. You who dwells in the shelter of the Most High, who abides in the shadow of the Omnipotent:
2. I say of the Lord who is my refuge and my stronghold, my God in whom I trust,
3. that He will save you from the ensnaring trap, from the destructive pestilence.
4. He will cover you with His pinions and you will find refuge under His wings; His truth is a shield and an armor.
5. You will not fear the terror of the night, nor the arrow that flies by day;
6. the pestilence that prowls in the darkness, nor the destruction that ravages at noon.
7. A thousand may fall at your [left] side, and ten thousand at your right, but it shall not reach you.
8. You need only look with your eyes, and you will see the retribution of the wicked.
9. Because you [have said,] "The Lord is my shelter," and you have made the Most High your haven,
10. no evil will befall you, no plague will come near your tent.
11. For He will instruct His angels in your behalf, to guard you in all your ways.
12. They will carry you in their hands, lest you injure your foot upon a rock.
13. You will tread upon the lion and the viper; you will trample upon the young lion and the serpent.
14. Because he desires Me, I will deliver him; I will fortify him, for he knows My Name.
15. When he calls on Me, I will answer him; I am with him in distress. I will deliver him and honor him.
16. I will satiate him with long life, and show him My deliverance.
Chapter 92
Sung every Shabbat by the Levites in the Holy Temple, this psalm speaks of the World to Come, and comforts the hearts of those crushed by suffering.
1. A psalm, a song for the Shabbat day.
2. It is good to praise the Lord, and to sing to Your Name, O Most High;
3. to proclaim Your kindness in the morning, and Your faithfulness in the nights,
4. with a ten-stringed instrument and lyre, to the melody of a harp.
5. For You, Lord, have gladdened me with Your deeds; I sing for joy at the works of Your hand.
6. How great are Your works, O Lord; how very profound Your thoughts!
7. A brutish man cannot know, a fool cannot comprehend this:
8. When the wicked thrive like grass, and all evildoers flourish-it is in order that they may be destroyed forever.
9. But You, Lord, are exalted forever.
10. Indeed, Your enemies, O Lord, indeed Your enemies shall perish; all evildoers shall be scattered.
11. But You have increased my might like that of a wild ox; I am anointed with fresh oil.
12. My eyes have seen [the downfall of] my watchful enemies; my ears have heard [the doom of] the wicked who rise against me.
13. The righteous will flourish like a palm tree, grow tall like a cedar in Lebanon.
14. Planted in the House of the Lord, they shall blossom in the courtyards of our God.
15. They shall be fruitful even in old age; they shall be full of sap and freshness-
16. to declare that the Lord is just; He is my Strength, and there is no injustice in Him.
Chapter 93
This psalm speaks of the Messianic era, when God will don grandeur-allowing no room for man to boast before Him as did Nebuchadnezzar, Pharaoh, and Sennacherib.
1. The Lord is King; He has garbed Himself with grandeur; the Lord has robed Himself, He has girded Himself with strength; He has also established the world firmly that it shall not falter.
2. Your throne stands firm from of old; You have existed forever.
3. The rivers have raised, O Lord, the rivers have raised their voice; the rivers raise their raging waves.
4. More than the sound of many waters, than the mighty breakers of the sea, is the Lord mighty on High.
5. Your testimonies are most trustworthy; Your House will be resplendent in holiness, O Lord, forever.
Chapter 94
An awe-inspiring and wondrous prayer with which every individual can pray for the redemption. It is also an important moral teaching.
1. The Lord is a God of retribution; O God of retribution, reveal Yourself!
2. Judge of the earth, arise; render to the arrogant their recompense.
3. How long shall the wicked, O Lord, how long shall the wicked exult?
4. They continuously speak insolently; all the evildoers act arrogantly.
5. They crush Your people, O Lord, and oppress Your heritage.
6. They kill the widow and the stranger, and murder the orphans.
7. And they say, "The Lord does not see, the God of Jacob does not perceive.”
8. Understand, you senseless among the people; you fools, when will you become wise?
9. Shall He who implants the ear not hear? Shall He who forms the eye not see?
10. Shall He who chastises nations not punish? Shall He who imparts knowledge to man [not know]?
11. The Lord knows the thoughts of man, that they are naught.
12. Fortunate is the man whom You chastise, O Lord, and instruct him in Your Torah,
13. bestowing upon him tranquillity in times of adversity, until the pit is dug for the wicked.
14. For the Lord will not abandon His people, nor forsake His heritage.
15. For judgment shall again be consonant with justice, and all the upright in heart will pursue it.
16. Who would rise up for me against the wicked ones; who would stand up for me against the evildoers?
17. Had the Lord not been a help to me, my soul would have soon dwelt in the silence [of the grave].
18. When I thought that my foot was slipping, Your kindness, O Lord, supported me.
19. When my [worrisome] thoughts multiply within me, Your consolation delights my soul.
20. Can one in the seat of evil, one who makes iniquity into law, consort with You?
21. They band together against the life of the righteous, and condemn innocent blood.
22. The Lord has been my stronghold; my God, the strength of my refuge.
23. He will turn their violence against them and destroy them through their own wickedness; the Lord, our God, will destroy them.
Chapter 95
This psalm speaks of the future, when man will say to his fellow, "Come, let us sing and offer praise to God for the miracles He has performed for us!"
1. Come, let us sing to the Lord; let us raise our voices in jubilation to the Rock of our deliverance.
2. Let us approach Him with thanksgiving; let us raise our voices to Him in song.
3. For the Lord is a great God, and a great King over all supernal beings;
4. in His hands are the depths of the earth, and the heights of the mountains are His.
5. Indeed, the sea is His, for He made it; His hands formed the dry land.
6. Come, let us prostrate ourselves and bow down; let us bend the knee before the Lord, our Maker.
7. For He is our God, and we are the people that He tends, the flock under His [guiding] hand-even this very day, if you would but hearken to His voice!
8. Do not harden your heart as at Merivah, as on the day at Massah in the wilderness,
9. where your fathers tested Me; they tried Me, though they had seen My deeds.
10. For forty years I quarreled with that generation; and I said, "They are a people of erring hearts, they do not know My ways.”
11. So I vowed in My anger that they would not enter My resting place.
Chapter 96
The time will yet come when man will say to his fellow: "Come, let us sing to God!"
1. Sing to the Lord a new song; sing to the Lord, all the earth.
2. Sing to the Lord, bless His Name; proclaim His deliverance from day to day.
3. Recount His glory among the nations, His wonders among all the peoples.
4. For the Lord is great and highly praised; He is awesome above all gods.
5. For all the gods of the nations are naught, but the Lord made the heavens.
6. Majesty and splendor are before Him, might and beauty in His Sanctuary.
7. Render to the Lord, O families of nations, render to the Lord honor and might.
8. Render to the Lord honor due to His Name; bring an offering and come to His courtyards.
9. Bow down to the Lord in resplendent holiness; tremble before Him, all the earth.
10. Proclaim among the nations, "The Lord reigns"; indeed, the world is firmly established that it shall not falter; He will judge the peoples with righteousness.
11. The heavens will rejoice, the earth will exult; the sea and its fullness will roar.
12. The fields and everything therein will jubilate; then all the trees of the forest will sing.
13. Before the Lord [they shall rejoice], for He has come, for He has come to judge the earth; He will judge the world with justice, and the nations with His truth.
Tanya: Iggeret HaKodesh, middle of Epistle 5
• Lessons in Tanya
• Today's Tanya Lesson
• Tuesday, 19 AV , 5776 · 23 August 2016
• Iggeret HaKodesh, middle of Epistle 5
• We learned above that the Zohar teaches: “Who makes the Holy Name every day? He who gives charity to the poor.” The relevance of this answer, however, remained obscure. Now, therefore, equipped with the foregoing insights, we revert to the question with which this epistle opened: How does giving tzedakah to the poor “make a Name” for G‑d?
The Alter Rebbe explains as follows:
והנה באדם התחתון, למשל, מי שהוא חכם גדול להשכיל נפלאות חכמה
Now with terrestrial man, for example, when one who is so great a sage as to comprehend the wonders of wisdom
ומצמצם שכלו ומחשבתו באות אחד מדבורו
contracts his conception and thought into a single letter of his speech,
הנה זה הוא צמצום עצום וירידה גדולה לחכמתו הנפלאה
this is a stupendous contraction and a great descent for his wondrous wisdom.
ככה ממש, על דרך משל, ויתר מזה לאין קץ, היה צמצום גדול ועצום ורב
Precisely as in this analogy but infinitely more so, there was an immensely great and mighty contraction
כאשר בדבר ה׳ שמים נעשו בששת ימי בראשית, וברוח פיו כל צבאם
when during the Six Days of Creation “the heavens were made by the word of G‑d, and all their hosts by the breath of His mouth,”1
היא אות ה׳ של שם הויה ברוך הוא, אתא קלילא
i.e., by the letter hei — “a light letter” — of the Four-Letter Name of G‑d.
This is not only a single letter, but also an insubstantial one.
כמו שכתוב: בהבראם, בה׳ בראם
Thus it is written,2 “[These are the chronicles of heaven and earth] behibar’am” (i.e., ‘when they were created’). By revocalizing the Hebrew letters of this word, the Sages3 read it as if it were simultaneously pronounced b’hei bra’am. The verse would now mean, “These are the chronicles of heaven and earth; with the letter hei He created them.”
היא מקור הט׳ מאמרות שנמשכו ממאמר ראשון: בראשית, דנמי מאמר הוא
[This letter hei] is the source of the nine creative utterances which issued from the first utterance:Bereishit (“In the beginning”), which itself is a creative utterance,4
היא בחינת חכמה, הנקראת ראשית
and identical with the Sefirah of Chochmah,5 which is called reishit (as in the phrase, reishit chochmah — “the beginning of wisdom”6).
The descent of Chochmah, the source of the other nine creative utterances, into Malchut, the lowest of the Sefirot, involves an intense degree of contraction.
אך אז היתה המשכה וירידה זו בלי אתערותא דלתתא כלל
But at that time, at the beginning of creation, this downward flow from Chochmah to Malchut occurred without any arousal from below whatever,
כי אדם אין לעבוד גו׳
רק כי חפץ חסד הוא
it occurred solely9 “because He desires [to act with] kindness,”
ועולם חסד יבנה
as it is also written,10 “The world is built by kindness.”
וזהו: בהבראם, באברהם
And this is the meaning of [another interpretation of the verse, “These are the chronicles of heaven and earth] behibar’am” (i.e., ‘when they were created’). By transposing the Hebrew letters of this word, the Sages11 read this word as if it were simultaneously pronounced beAvraham(i.e., 'through [the attribute that characterizes] Abraham’),
כי חסד לאברהם כו׳
since12 “kindness is to Abraham.” Since Abraham embodies the attribute of Chesed, the verse thus intimates that heaven and earth were created through the attribute of Chesed.
| FOOTNOTES | |
| 1. | Tehillim 33:6. |
| 2. | Bereishit 2:4. |
| 3. | Menachot 29b. |
| 4. | Rosh HaShanah 32a. |
| 5. | Cf. the Aramaic paraphrase of Targum Yerushalmi on Bereishit 1:1: בחוכמא. |
| 6. | Tehillim 111:10. |
| 7. | Bereishit 4:5. |
| 8. | “By inserting this verse (‘there was no man’), the Alter Rebbe evidently intends to negate the possibility that [unborn] souls too might initiate a comparable ‘arousal from below.’ This perspective allows us to better understand the emphasis in the phrase, ‘any arousal from below whatever.’ ” ( — Note of the Rebbe.) |
| 9. | Michah 7:18. |
| 10. | Tehillim 89:3. |
| 11. | Bereishit Rabbah 12:9. |
| 12. | Michah 7:20. |
• Rambam: Sefer Hamitzvos:
• Tuesday, 19 AV , 5776 · 23 August 2016
• Today's Mitzvah
A daily digest of Maimonides’ classic work "Sefer Hamitzvot"
Important Message Regarding This Lesson
The Daily Mitzvah schedule runs parallel to the daily study of 3 chapters of Maimonides' 14-volume code. There are instances when the Mitzvah is repeated a few days consecutively while the exploration of the same Mitzvah continues in the in-depth track.
Positive Commandment 236
Personal Injury
"If men quarrel, and one strikes the other..."—Exodus 21:18.
The courts are commanded to adjudicate cases that involve personal injury cause by one person to another. [Monetary penalties are assessed to compensate for devaluation of the injured individual, pain sustained, medical bills, unemployment due to the injury, and shame incurred.]
Only an ordained court in the Land of Israel can adjudicate such cases [with the exception of medical bills and unemployment, that can be adjudicated by all rabbinical courts no matter the location].
Full text of this Mitzvah »• Personal Injury
Positive Commandment 236
Translated by Berel Bell
The 236th mitzvah is that we are commanded regarding someone who wounds another person.
The source of this commandment is G‑d's statement1 (exalted be He), "[This is the law] when two men fight, and one hits the other..." These laws are called dinei k'nasos ["the laws of fines"].
There is one general verse which includes all these laws, namely G‑d's statement2 (exalted be He), "[If one maims his neighbor,] whatever he did must be done to him in return." The Oral Tradition explains that [it does not mean that he is literally to be harmed in return, but that] he must pay the monetary equivalent of the damage he has caused to the other person. Even if he merely shamed him, he must pay appropriate damages.
You should be aware that all these laws involve damage that one person causes to another. They may be judged and determined only by a High Court which was ordained in Israel. The same applies for cases when an animal damages a person or another animal.
The details of this mitzvah are explained in the 8th chapter of tractate Bava Kama.
FOOTNOTES
1.Ex. 21:18.
2.Lev. 24:19.
• Tuesday, 19 AV , 5776 · 23 August 2016
• Today's Mitzvah
A daily digest of Maimonides’ classic work "Sefer Hamitzvot"
Important Message Regarding This Lesson
The Daily Mitzvah schedule runs parallel to the daily study of 3 chapters of Maimonides' 14-volume code. There are instances when the Mitzvah is repeated a few days consecutively while the exploration of the same Mitzvah continues in the in-depth track.
Positive Commandment 236
Personal Injury
"If men quarrel, and one strikes the other..."—Exodus 21:18.
The courts are commanded to adjudicate cases that involve personal injury cause by one person to another. [Monetary penalties are assessed to compensate for devaluation of the injured individual, pain sustained, medical bills, unemployment due to the injury, and shame incurred.]
Only an ordained court in the Land of Israel can adjudicate such cases [with the exception of medical bills and unemployment, that can be adjudicated by all rabbinical courts no matter the location].
Full text of this Mitzvah »• Personal Injury
Positive Commandment 236
Translated by Berel Bell
The 236th mitzvah is that we are commanded regarding someone who wounds another person.
The source of this commandment is G‑d's statement1 (exalted be He), "[This is the law] when two men fight, and one hits the other..." These laws are called dinei k'nasos ["the laws of fines"].
There is one general verse which includes all these laws, namely G‑d's statement2 (exalted be He), "[If one maims his neighbor,] whatever he did must be done to him in return." The Oral Tradition explains that [it does not mean that he is literally to be harmed in return, but that] he must pay the monetary equivalent of the damage he has caused to the other person. Even if he merely shamed him, he must pay appropriate damages.
You should be aware that all these laws involve damage that one person causes to another. They may be judged and determined only by a High Court which was ordained in Israel. The same applies for cases when an animal damages a person or another animal.
The details of this mitzvah are explained in the 8th chapter of tractate Bava Kama.
FOOTNOTES
1.Ex. 21:18.
2.Lev. 24:19.
• Rambam - 1 Chapter: Parah Adummah Parah Adummah - Chapter 13
• Parah Adummah - Chapter 13
• Parah Adummah - Chapter 13
1
Exra stringencies were instituted with regard to the purification process involving the ashes of the red heifer. A person who was pure - even if he immersed himself in a mikveh for the sake of sacrificial service and stood and served on the altar - is not pure with regard to the purification process involving the ashes of the red heifer, nor with regard to the burning of the red heifer, drawing its water, sanctifying it, or sprinkling it unless he immerses himself for the sake of the purification process involving the ashes of the red heifer. Afterwards, he is considered pure for that purpose.
Similarly, keilim - even a receptacle taken from the Temple Courtyard - are not considered as pure with regard to the purification process involving the ashes of the red heifer unless they were immersed for that purpose. Similarly, all foods and liquids - even if they are pure - are considered as impure in this context.
א
מעלות יתירות עשו בטהרת החטאת שהאדם הטהור אפילו טבל לקדש ועומד ומשמש על גבי המזבח אינו טהור לחטאת ולא לשריפת הפרה ולא למילוי המים ולא לקדשן ולא להזות עד שיטבול לשם חטאת ואחר כך יהיה טהור לחטאת וכן הכלים אפילו מזרק שבעזרה אינו טהור לחטאת עד שיטבילוהו לשם חטאת וכן כל האוכלין וכל המשקין אע"פ שהן טהורין הרי הן לענין חטאת כאוכלין ומשקין המטמאין:
2
Any entity that is fit to lie on or sit on, even though it is pure with regard to sacrificial foods is considered like an entity to which a zav imparted impurity with regard to the purification process involving the ashes of the red heifer until it was immersed with that intent in mind. Yochanan ben Gudgada would always eat according to the strictures of ritual purity required for sacrificial foods. Yet his head cloth was like an entity to which a zav imparted impurity with regard to the purification process involving the ashes of the red heifer.
ב
כל כלי הראוי למשכב או למושב אף ע"פ שהוא טהור לגבי הקודש הרי הוא לגבי חטאת כמדרס הזב עד שיטבילוהו לשם חטאת יוחנן בן גודגדא היה אוכל בטהרת הקודש כל ימיו והיה מטפחתו כמדרס הזב לענין החטאת:
3
A derivative of impurity does not impart impurity to a person or to an k'li, even with regard to sacrificial articles, as we explained. Nevertheless, it imparts impurity to persons and keilimwith regard to the purification process involving the ashes of the red heifer. Therefore it was said that a person who sanctifies the water used for the purification process should not wear a sandal, lest liquids fall on the sandal and the sandal contract impurity. The rationale is that all liquids are considered as impure with regard to the purification process involving the ashes of the red heifer. Then the person sanctifying the water will contract impurity by touching the sandal and thus the purifying water will become impure.
ג
כל ולד הטומאות אף על פי שאינו מטמא אדם ולא כלים אפילו לקודש כמו שביארנו הרי הוא מטמא אדם וכלים לחטאת לפיכך אמרו המקדש את מי חטאת לא ינעול את הסנדל שמא יפלו משקין על הסנדל ונמצא הסנדל טמא שכל המשקין טמאין הן לגבי החטאת ויתטמא זה המקדש בנגיעתו בסנדל ונמצאו מי חטאת טמאים:
4
When only a person's hands become impure due to causes that render hands impure, e.g., he touched foods or liquids or the like, although he is considered as pure with regard to sacrificial food, and all that is necessary is that he wash his hands as will be explained, with regard to the purification process involving the ashes of the red heifer, his entire body is considered to have contracted impurity and he must immerse in a mikveh. Even if only one hand contracted impurity, it is as if his entire body contracted impurity. He is considered as impure to the first degree.
ד
מי שנטמאו ידיו בלבד בדברים המטמאין את הידים כגון שנגע באוכלין או במשקין וכיוצא בהן אף על פי שהוא טהור לקדש ואינו צריך אלא טבילת ידיו בלבד כמו שיתבאר הרי נטמא כל גופו לענין החטאת וצריך טבילה אפילו לא נטמאת אלא ידו אחת נטמא כולו והרי הוא ראשון לטומאה:
5
Any person who is required to be immersed in a mikveh, whether according to Scriptural Law or Rabbinic Law, imparts impurity to the water sanctified with the ashes of the red heifer, the ashes themselves, and the one who sprinkles them, through touching or carrying them. Similarly, he imparts impurity to a hyssop that has been made fit to contract impurity, water that has been drawn for this process but has not yet been sanctified, and an empty container that has been purified for this purification process. The latter three entities contract impurity only through touch, but not through being carried.
When an impure person touches a small portion of ashes of the red heifer, it is considered as if he touched all of them.
ה
כל הטעון טבילה בין מן התורה בין מדבריהם מטמא את מי חטאת ואת אפר החטאת ואת המזה מי חטאת במגע ובמשא וכן מטמא את האזוב המוכשר ואת המים שנתמלאו ועדיין לא נתקדשו ואת הכלי הריקן הטהור לחטאת מטמא כל אחד מאלו במגע אבל לא במשא וטמא שנגע במקצת אפר חטאת פסל את כולו:
6
Primary, secondary, and tertiary levels of impurity are not counted with regard to the purification process involving the ashes of the red heifer as are counted with regard to terumah and sacrificial foods.
What is implied? If there were ten persons who immersed themselves for the sake of this purification process and one became impure, even if he became impure only with regard to this purification process, e.g., his hands became impure, should he touch a colleague and that colleague touch another, and that one another, even if there are 100, they all become impure with regard to this purification process.
Similarly, when there are keilim that were purified for this purification process and one of them contracted impurity - even if only its outside contracted impurity for this purification process, e.g., liquids touched its outside - and this k'li touched a second k'liand the second touched a third, all of the keilim, even if there are 100, become impure with regard to this purification process.
ו
אין מונין לחטאת ראשון ושני ושלישי כדרך שמונין לתרומה ולקודש כיצד עשרה שטבלו לשם חטאת ונטמא אחד מהן אפילו לא נטמא אלא לגבי חטאת בלבד כגון שנטמאת ידו בלבד ונגע בחבירו וחבירו בחבירו אפילו הן מאה כולן טמאין לחטאת וכן כלים הטהורים לחטאת שנטמא כלי מהן אפילו לא נטמאו אלא אחוריו בלבד לגבי חטאת כגון שנגעו משקין באחוריו ונגע כלי זה בכלי שני ושני בשלישי נטמאו הכלים כולן לגבי החטאת ואפילו הן מאה:
7
Whenever an article that is fit to contract impurity if it would support a zav - even though it is pure with regard to sacrificial foods - was moved by a person who purified himself for the sake of this purification process, he contracts impurity, even though he did not touch it.
Similarly, when a person who purified himself for the sake of this purification process moves a person who is not pure in this context or he moves the spittle or the urine of the latter person, he becomes impure, even though he did not touch him. An k'li that is not fit to contract impurity if it would support a zav, by contrast, does not impart impurity to a person who has purified himself for the sake of this purification process unless he touches it.
ז
כל הראוי להתטמא במדרס הזב אף ע"פ שהוא טהור לקודש אם הנידו הטהור לחטאת נטמא אף על פי שלא נגע בו וכן הטהור לחטאת שהניד את האדם שאינו טהור לחטאת או שהניד את רוקו או את מימי רגליו של אדם זה נטמא אע"פ שלא נגע בו אבל כלי שאינו ראוי למדרס אינו מטמא את הטהור לחטאת אא"כ נגע בו:
8
If an k'li that is impure because of contact with a human corpse is moved by a person who has purified himself for the purification process involving the ashes of the red heifer, he becomes impure even though he did not touch it and even though generally an article that is impure because of contact with a corpse does not impart impurity when carried, as we explained.
What is implied? There was a key that was impure due to contact with a corpse that was hanging from a door. A person who purified himself for this purification process closed the door. Since he moved the key which was impure, he himself contracts impurity. Similarly, if he moves the carcass of a crawling animal or semen, he becomes impure with regard to this purification process even though generally these do not impart impurity when carried, as will be explained.
ח
כלי הטמא בטמא מת אם הנידו הטהור לחטאת נטמא ואף ע"פ שלא נגע בו ואף על פי שאין טמא מת מטמא במשא כמו שביארנו כיצד מפתח שהוא טמא מת שהיה תלוי בדלת וסגר הטהור לחטאת את הדלת הואיל והניד את המפתח הטמא נטמא וכן אם הסיט את השרץ ואת שכבת זרע הרי זה טמא לחטאת אע"פ שאין אלו מטמאין במשא כמו שיתבאר:
9
When a person who purified himself for this purification process touches articles that were above a zav or the like, these are called madaf, he is considered impure with regard to this purification process, even though he is pure with regard to sacrificial foods. Similarly, when an k'li that was purified for this purification process touches a madaf, it contracts impurity with regard to this purification process.
ט
הטהור לחטאת שנגע בכלים שהיו למעלה מן הזב וכיוצא בו והן הנקראין מדף אף ע"פ שהוא טהור לקודש נטמא לחטאת וכן כלי הטהור לחטאת שנגע במדף נטמא לחטאת:
10
The following laws apply when a person who purified himself for this purification process touches foods or liquids, whether impure or pure. No distinction is made between them, because there are no foods or liquids that are considered as pure with regard to this purification process.
If a person touches foods or liquids with his hands, his entire body becomes impure, as we explained. If he touches them with his foot or other portions of his body, or moves them with his hands without touching them, he remains pure. Similarly, if, with his hands, he touched an oven or the like, i.e., other articles that were not purified for the sake of this purification process, his entire body contracts impurity. If, however, he touches such articles with his feet, his status of purity remains unchanged, even with regard to this purification process.
י
הטהור לחטאת שנגע באוכלין ומשקין בין טהורין בין טמאים שכל אוכלין ומשקין לגבי חטאת אינן טהורין אם נגע בהן בידו נטמא כל גופו כמו שביארנו נגע בהן ברגלו או בשאר גופו או שהסיטן בידו ולא נגע בהן טהור וכן אם נגע בתנור וכיוצא בו משאר כלים שאינם טהורין לחטאת נטמא כולו אבל אם נגע ברגלו בהן הרי הוא טהור לחטאת כמו שהיה:
11
When a person who purified himself for this purification process inserted his head and the majority of his body into water that was drawn for the sake of this purification process, he contracts impurity, because the water has been drawn. For it is a Rabbinical decree that anyone who inserts his head and the majority of his body into water that was drawn contracts impurity, as will be explained.
יא
הטהור לחטאת שהכניס ראשו ורובו לתוך מים שנתמלאו לחטאת נטמא מפני שהן שאובין ומדברי סופרים שהבא ראשו ורובו במים שאובין נטמא כמו שיתבאר:
12
Everyone's word is accepted with regard to the ritual purity of articles and persons involved in this purification process, even that of the common people. The rationale is that because of all the stringencies and extra measures applied to it, everyone is careful with regard to it. This is alluded to in the Torah which statesNumbers 19:9: "And it will be for the congregation of Israel for safekeeping." Implied is that all of Israel are fit for its safekeeping.
Therefore if a common person brings an earthenware container from his home and says: "This container is pure for the purification process involving the ashes of the red heifer," it is considered as pure. Water may be sanctified in it and sprinkled from it even though this container would be considered as impure for sacrificial foods and for terumah. Similarly, if a common person says: "I have purified myself for the purification process involving the ashes of the red heifer" or the water for this process was in his possession and he says that it is pure, his word is accepted. For no Jewish person treats this purification process lightly.
יב
הכל נאמנין על טהרת החטאת ואפילו עמי הארץ מפני חומרתה ומעלות אלו שעשו בה הכל נזהרין בה והרי נאמר בתורה והיתה לעדת בני ישראל למשמרת כל ישראל ראויין לשמירה לפיכך עם הארץ שהביא כלי מביתו אפילו כלי חרס ואמר כלי זה טהור לחטאת הרי זה טהור ומקדשין בו ומזין ממנו ואף על פי שאותו כלי טמא לקודש ולתרומה וכן עם הארץ שאמר טהור אני לחטאת או שהיו מי חטאת אצלו ואמר טהורין הן נאמן שאין אדם מישראל מזלזל בה:
• Rambam - 3 Chapters: Shechenim Shechenim - Chapter Seven, Shechenim Shechenim - Chapter Eight, Shechenim Shechenim - Chapter Nine
• Shechenim - Chapter Seven
• Hayom Yom: Today's Hayom Yom
• Tuesday, 19 AV , 5776 · 23 August 2016
• "Today's Day"
• Friday, Menachem Av 19, 5703
Torah lessons: Chumash: Eikev, Shishi with Rashi.
Tehillim: 90-96.
Tanya: Now, with (p. 415) ...is to Abraham." (p. 415).
Those who daven with four pairs of tefillin follow this procedure:
1. Put on Rashi hand - and head - tefillin before saying Chapter Eizehu (p. 23), and daven in them until after ach tzadikim... (p. 85).
2. Remove the Rashi tefillin from the head and put on - without a b'racha - Shimusha Raba tefillin for the head. Recite sh'ma... until emet; then recite the daily portion of Tehillim (as the Tehillim is divided into the days of the month). The meticulous would study those chapters with the commentaries of Rashi and Metzudot.
3. Then put on - without a b'racha - Rabeinu Tam tefillin,1 recite sh'ma... until emet, then chapter Kadeish... (p. 85) and the Remembrances printed in the Siddur (p. 86). Then study a chapter of Mishna, each according to his comprehension.
4. Remove the Rabeinu Tam tefillin from the head and put on the Ra'avad tefillin for the head - without a b'racha. Recite sh'ma... until emet; study the day's portion of Chumash with the commentary of Rashi - on Sunday (the first parsha) until sheini, Monday the second parsha, etc.
FOOTNOTES
1.It is critical to note that the Rebbe of righteous memory has instructed and requested all of Bar-mitzva age and older to regularly put on Rabeinu Tam tefillin. Viz. sichot of Purim 5736, Motza'ei Va'eira 5739, Pekudei 5741.
• Daily Thought:
• Shechenim - Chapter Seven
1
When a person has a window in his wall and a colleague comes and builds a courtyard next to it, the owner of the courtyard cannot tell the owner of the window: "Close this window, so that you will not look at me," for the owner of the window has established his right to maintain the window even though it is a source of damage.
If his colleague desires to build a wall opposite the window to block the invasion of his privacy, he must leave a space of four cubits next to the window, to avoid casting a shadow upon it.
א
מי שהיתה לו חלון בכותלו ובא חבירו ועשה חצר בצדו אינו יכול לומר לבעל החלון סתום חלון זה כדי שלא תביט בי שהרי החזיק בהיזק זה ואם בא חבירו לבנות כותלו כנגד החלון כדי שיסור היזק ראייתו צריך להרחיק את כותלו מכנגד החלון ארבע אמות כדי שלא יאפיל עליו:
2
If the window was positioned low in the wall, the owner of the window may force the owner of the courtyard to build the wall four cubits away from the window and build it at least four cubits high, so that the owner of the courtyard cannot look through the window and watch the owner of the window.
ב
היתה החלון למטה בכותל כופה את חבירו לבנות כנגדה ברחוק ארבע אמות ולהגביה הבנין ארבע אמות כדי שלא יביט בו מן החלון:
3
The following rules apply when the window was positioned high on the wall and the owner of the courtyard built a wall below the window. If there were more than four cubits from the top of the wall to the window, the owner of the window may not prevent the owner of the courtyard from building the wall even though he does not leave any space between his wall and the wall in which the window is located. For the new wall is not casting a shadow over his window, nor does it invade the privacy of the owner of the window.
If, however, there is less than four cubits between the top of the wall and the window, the owner of the window may force the owner of the wall either to lower the wall so that the owner of the courtyard will not be able to stand on the wall and look through the window; or he may force the owner of the courtyard to build his wall four cubits from the window, and build it more than four cubits higher than the wall. In this way, it will not cast a shadow, nor will the owner of the courtyard be able to look in and see him.
ג
היתה החלון למעלה בכותל ובנה חבירו כותל כנגד החלון מלמטה אם היה מראש הכותל שבנה עד החלון גובה ארבע אמות או יותר אינו יכול למנעו אע"פ שלא הרחיק מכותל החלון כלום שהרי לא האפיל עליו ואינו מזיקו בראייה אבל אם נשאר גובה מראש הכותל עד החלון פחות מארבע אמות כופהו למעט הכותל כדי שלא יעמוד על ראש הכותל וישקיף מן החלון או יגביה הכותל על החלון ארבע אמות ויהיה הכותל רחוק מן החלון ארבע אמות כדי שלא יאפיל ולא יציץ ויראה:
4
When the owner of the courtyard builds one wall next to the window, he must build the wall at least a handbreadth away from the window, and must build the wall at least four cubits higher than the window or make the wall narrow on top, so that he will not sit on it, and look into the window and watch his neighbor.
ד
בנה כותל אחד בצד החלון צריך להרחיק מן החלון טפח ומגביה הכותל ארבע אמות על החלון או כונס ראש הכותל כדי שלא ישב עליו ויציץ ויראה:
5
When a person builds two walls, one on either side of the window, there must be at least four cubits between them, and the window must be situated in the center of those four cubits. The owner of the courtyard may not place s'chach over the space between the walls, unless he leaves a space of four cubits between the s'chach and the wall where the window is located, so that it will not cast a shadow over it.
Accordingly, if a person comes to open a window - whether a large window or a small window - overlooking a courtyard belonging to a colleague, that colleague may prevent him from doing so, for he can tell the owner of the window: "You will be invading my privacy by looking at me. " Even if the window is located high on the inner wall, the owner of the courtyard may protest, saying: "You will climb up on a ladder and look at me."
ה
בנה שני כותלין משני צידי החלון צריך להיות ביניהן רחב ארבע אמות והחלון באמצע הארבע ולא יסכך על גביהן אא"כ הרחיק הסיכוך מן הכותל שיש בו החלון ארבע אמות כדי שלא יאפיל עליו לפיכך מי שבא לפתוח חלון לחצר חבירו בין חלון גדולה בין חלון קטנה בין למעלה בין למטה בעל החצר מעכב עליו שהרי אומר לו תזיק לי בראייה ואף על פי שהיא גבוהה תעלה בסולם ותראה:
6
If a person has opened a window overlooking a courtyard belonging to a colleague, and the owner of the courtyard waived his right to protest or displayed his willingness to consent - e.g., he helped him in the window's construction or he knew about this source of damage and did not protest - the owner of the window has established his right to the window. The owner of the courtyard cannot come at a later date and protest that he must close it.
What are the laws that apply with regard to this window that he was allowed to open? If it is large enough for a person to insert his head, or it is less than four cubits high, even if it is not large enough for a person to insert his head into it, the owner of the courtyard may not build a wall opposite or at its side unless he moves four cubits away, as explained in the previous halachah.
ו
הרי שפתח חלון לחצר חבירו ומחל לו בעל החצר או שגילה דעתו שהניחו כגון שבא וסייע עמו או שידע הנזק ולא ערער הרי זה החזיק בחלון ואינו יכול אח"כ לחזור ולערער עליו לסתום וכיצד דינה של חלון זה שהניחה לפתחה אם ראשו של אדם יכול ליכנס ממנה או שהיתה למטה מארבע אמות אע"פ שאין ראשו נכנס ממנה אין בעל החצר יכול לבנות כנגדה או מצדיה אלא א"כ הרחיק ארבע אמות כמו שביארנו:
7
If, however, the window was too small for the head of a person to be inserted, and it is more than four cubits high, the owner of the courtyard may build a wall opposite it or at its sides. For he can claim: "I allowed you to open the window only because it is small and high, but it was not my intent to give you a right that would require me to move away my building."
When does the above apply? When the window was opened to be used or to allow air to enter. If, however, the window was opened so that light could enter, even if it was very small and very high, since the owner of the courtyard did not protest at the time of its construction, the owner of the window is granted a right to it. The owner of the courtyard may not build a structure opposite it or at its side unless he moves four cubits away, so that he does not cast a shadow against it, for he granted him the right to the light.
Similarly, if a person had a window for which he established a right, and the owner of the courtyard built opposite it or at its side without moving away, or he closed the window, and the owner of the window did not protest, the owner of the window cannot come at a later time protesting and demanding that the window be opened or that the structure be moved. Since he remained silent, he waived his right to protest. For a person will not remain silent while another person blocks his light unless he relinquishes his right.
ז
היתה חלון קטנה שאין ראשו של אדם נכנס ממנה והיתה למעלה מארבע אמות בעל החצר יכול לבנות כנגדה ובצדדיה שהרי טוען ואומר לא הנחתיך לפתוח אלא מפני שהיא קטנה וגבוהה אבל שתחזיק עלי עד שארחיק הבנין לא הנחתי במה דברים אמורים בשפתחה לתשמיש או כדי שיכנס בה הרוח אבל אם פתחה לאורה אפילו היתה קטנה ביותר וגבוהה ביותר הואיל ולא ערער החזיק ואין בעל החצר יכול לבנות כנגדה או מצדדיה עד שירחיק ארבע אמות כדי שלא יאפיל עליו שהרי מחל לו על האורה וכן מי שהיתה לו חלון מוחזקת ובא חבירו ובנה כנגדה או מצדדיה בלא הרחקה או סתמה ושתק בעל החלון אינו יכול לחזור ולערער לפתוח החלון או להרחיק הבנין שכיון ששתק מחל שאין אדם עשוי שסותמין אורו בפניו ושותק אא"כ מחל:
8
When a person has windows on the lower portion of his wall, and a person who owns an adjoining property desires to erect a building that would block them he is not permitted to do so. Even if he proposes: "I will open up new windows for you in this wall above these others, " the owner of the windows may prevent him from doing so, explaining "When you open the windows, you will shake the foundations of the wall and ruin it."
Even if the person who desires to build offers: "I will tear down your wall and rebuild it for you with windows higher up. And I will rent a home for you to live in until I build it, " the owner of the home can still prevent him. For he may say: "I do not want the trouble moving from one place to another."
Therefore, if there is no difficulty involved at all, and it is not necessary for him to leave his home, he cannot prevent him from performing this construction. We compel him to allow his friend to close the window below and build a new window for him higher up. Not to allow this would be following the traits of Sodom. Similarly, whenever there is a situation where one person will benefit and his colleague will not lose nor be lacking anything, we compel that person to cooperate.
ח
מי שהיו לו חלונות למטה בכותלו ובא חבירו לבנות בפניהן ואמר לו אני אפתח לך חלונות אחרות בכותל זה עצמו למעלה מאלו הרי זה מעכב עליו ואומר לו בעת שתפתח החלונות תרעיד את הכותל ותקלקל אותו ואפילו אמר אני אסתור כל הכותל ואבנה אותו לך חדש ואעשה בו חלונות למעלה ואשכור לך בית שתדור בו עד שאבנה יכול לעכב עליו ואומר לו אין רצוני שאטרח ממקום למקום לפיכך אם לא היה שם טורח כלל ואין צריך לפנות אינו יכול לעכב עליו וכופין אותו שיהיה חבירו סותם חלון זה שלמטה ממנו ועושה לו חלון מלמעלה שזו מדת סדום וכן כל דבר שזה נהנה בו ואין חבירו מפסיד ואין חסר כלום כופין עליו:
9
When, by contrast, the owner of a window desires to change the location of his window, whether to raise it or lower it, the owner of the adjoining courtyard can prevent him from doing so. This applies even if the window was large, and its owner says: "I will open only a small window in another place, and close this one. " Needless to say, he cannot make the window larger.
ט
אבל בעל החלונות שרצה לשנות מקום חלונו בין למעלה בין למטה אפילו היתה גדולה ואמר אפתח אחרת קטנה ואסתום זו בעל החצר מעכב עליו וכן אינו יכול להרחיב בחלון כל שהוא:
10
The following rule applies when two brothers divide a courtyard that they received as an inheritance on their own accord, evaluating the building and the trees in each other's portion, but failing to pay attention to the value of the open space. Thus, one received the garden of the courtyard, and one received an excedra. If the brother who received the garden in the courtyard desires to build a wall at the end of his portion, in front of his brother's excedra, he may do so, even though he casts a shadow over it. For when dividing the estate, they did not pay attention to the value of the open space.
י
שני אחין שחלקו חצר מדעתן ושמו הבנין והעצים זה כנגד זה ולא השגיחו על שומת האויר והגיע לאחד מהן בחלקו תרבץ החצר ולשני האכסדרה אם רצה בעל החצר לבנות כותל בסוף חלקו בונה בפני האכסדרה ואף על פי שמאפיל עליו שהרי לא שמו האויר:
Shechenim - Chapter Eight
1
When a person desires to build a projection from his property - regardless of its size - extending over the space above a courtyard belonging to his colleague, his colleague may prevent him from doing so, for he will invade his privacy by looking at him when he hangs articles on the projection or uses it in any way.
If he built the projection and the owner of courtyard did not protest immediately, the builder of the projection establishes his right to it.
א
המבקש להוציא זיז מכותלו על אויר חצר חבירו כל שהוא בעל החצר מעכב עליו שהרי מזיקו בראייה בעת שתולה בו ומשתמש בו הוציא את הזיז ולא מיחה בו לאלתר בעל החצר הרי החזיק בעל הזיז:
2
If the projection was a handbreadth wide, the owner of the projection has established his right to the empty space of the courtyard. If the owner of the courtyard desires to build under the projection and as a result nullify its usefulness, the owner of the projection may prevent him from doing so.
If the projection is not a square handbreadth, the owner of the projection does not establish his right to the empty space of the courtyard. Whenever the owner of the courtyard desires, he may build under the projection and as a result nullify its usefulness. The owner of the projection may not prevent him from doing so.
ב
היה הזיז טפח החזיק באויר החצר כנגדו ואם רצה בעל החצר לבנות תחת הזיז ולבטל תשמישו בעל הזיז מעכב עליו ואם אין בזיז טפח לא החזיק באויר החצר וכל עת שירצה בעל החצר לבנות תחתיו ולבטל תשמישו של זיז אין בעל הזיז יכול לעכב עליו:
3
When the projection that was constructed was one handbreadth wide and extended out four handbreadths into the space of his colleague's courtyard, and the owner of the courtyard did not protest against this, the owner of the projection establishes the right to a space four handbreadths by four handbreadths. If the owner of the projection desires, he may widen the projection until it is four handbreadths by four handbreadths.
The owner of the courtyard may not build anything in the space of his courtyard below the projection unless he leaves a space of ten handbreadths below the projection so that the owner of the projection may make use of it.
ג
היה הזיז שהוציא רחבו טפח ומשוך באויר חצרו של חבירו ארבעה טפחים ולא מיחה בו החזיק בו בארבעה על ארבעה ואם רצה להרחיב את הזיז עד שיעשה ארבעה על ארבעה הרי זה מרחיב ואין בעל החצר יכול לבנות באויר חצירו תחת הזיז כלום אלא א"כ הניח לו תחתיו גובה אויר עשרה טפחים כדי שישתמש בזיז:
4
When a person sets up a small ladder that has fewer than four rungsin a courtyard or a field belonging to a colleague next to his own wall, he has not established a right to use his colleague's property in this manner. Whenever the owner of the courtyard desires, he may build next to the ladder and nullify its usefulness.
If by contrast the ladder is large - possessing four rungs or more - the owner of the ladder establishes his right to maintain it. If the owner of the courtyard desires to build a structure that would nullify its usefulness, the owner of the ladder may prevent him from doing so unless he moves a sufficient distance away. For he granted him the right of constructing a large ladder.
For this reason, if an owner of a roof comes to set up a large ladder in an adjacent courtyard, the owner of the courtyard may protest and prevent him from doing so, so that he does not establish this right. If, however, he sets up a small ladder, the owner of the courtyard may not prevent him from doing so. For we tell him: "You are losing nothing from this. Whenever you desire, you may move it away."
ד
המעמיד סולם קטן שאין לו ארבעה חוזקין בצד כותלו בתוך חצר של חבירו או בתוך שדהו לא החזיק בנזק זה וכל זמן שירצה בעל החצר בונה בצד סולם ומבטל תשמישו ואם היה סולם גדול שיש לו ארבעה חוזקין או יתר החזיק ואם בא לבנות ולבטלו בעל הסולם מעכב עליו עד שירחיק כשיעור שהרי מחל לו להעמיד סולם גדול לפיכך כשיבא בעל הגג להעמיד סולם גדול בעל החצר יכול למחות כדי שלא יחזיק עליו אבל אם העמיד סולם קטן אינו יכול למנעו שהרי אומרין לו אין עליך הפסד בזה כל זמן שתרצה תטלנו:
5
The following rules apply when a person desires to extend a drainpipe from his roof over a courtyard belonging to a colleague so that water will flow unto his colleague's property, or he made a gutter on his wall, so that the water will drain off and descend into his colleague's courtyard. The owner of the courtyard can prevent him from doing so. If the owner of the courtyard does not protest, the neighbor establishes his right to the drainpipe.
If, afterwards, the owner of the pipe desires to close it, the owner of the courtyard can prevent him from doing so. For just as the owner of the roof established his right to have his water flow into the courtyard belonging to his colleague, the owner of the courtyard established his right to have the water from his colleague's roof flow into his garden.
If the owner of the roof desired to move the drainpipe from one corner of the roof to the other or the drainpipe was long and he desired to shorten it, the owner of the courtyard may not prevent him from doing so. For the right that he established was merely that the water flow into his property.
Similarly, if the owner of the courtyard desires to build under the drainpipe, the owner of the projection may not prevent him from doing so. For a drain pipe is not made for use like a projection, so that it could be said that the owner of the roof has established his right to the open space of the courtyard. For a drainpipe is made only for the purpose of letting water flow through it.
ה
הרוצה להוציא צינור על חצר חבירו כדי שיקלח שם המים או שעשה מזחילה על כותלו כדי שיהיו המים נזחלין ויורדין לחצר חבירו בעל החצר מעכב עליו ואם לא מיחה בו החזיק זה בצינור רצה אחר כך לסתום הצינור בעל החצר מעכב עליו שכשם שהחזיק בעל הגג לשפוך מימיו לחצר חבירו כך החזיק בעל החצר שיהיו מימי גגו של חבירו באין אצלו לרשותו רצה בעל הגג לעקור הצינור מצד זה ולהחזירו בצד אחר או שהיה ארוך ורצה לקצרו אין בעל החצר יכול לעכב עליו שלא החזיק אלא במימי הגג והרי הם באים אצלו מכל מקום וכן אם רצה בעל החצר לבנות תחת הצינור אין בעל הגג יכול לעכב עליו שאין הצינור עשוי לתשמיש כזיז כדי שיחזיר באויר החצר שאינו עשוי אלא לקלוח המים:
6
The following rules apply when a person caused the water from his roof to descend unto the courtyard of his colleague and established his right to this privilege. If the water was dripping in several places and he desired to have it collect to one place and make a drainpipe, he may. Similarly, if the water would descend in one place, and the owner of the roof wanted it to flow in several different places, he may.
He may even build a slanted canopy on his roof, so that the water will flow speedily into the courtyard of his colleague, for he has established the right to have water descend into the courtyard of his colleague.
ו
מי שהוריד מי גגו על חצר חבירו ולא מיחה בו והחזיק בדבר זה אם המים מנטפין ורצה לקבצם למקום אחד ולעשותם צינור עושה וכן אם היו באין דרך צינור ממקום אחר וחלקן על רוחב הכותל והחזירן נוטפין עושה ואפילו לבנות על גגו כמין צריף עד שירדו המים במהרה לחצר חבירו בונה שהרי הוחזקו מימיו של זה לירד לחצר חבירו:
7
When there is a wall between the properties of Reuven and Shimon, and they share its ownership, both may use it. One may hollow out space from one side and insert his beams, regardless of their size, and the other may hollow out space from the other side and insert his beams.
If the wall belonged to Reuven alone, Shimon may not make use of it. If, however, Shimon hollowed out space in the wall and inserted one beam, and Reuven remained silent and did not protest, he established his right to the place of that beam. Even if his original beam was small and Shimon desired to change it to a big and thick beam, he may.
If the beam was part of a temporary sukkah, he does not establish the right to maintain it for 30 days. For Reuven will say: "I did not waive my right to protest. I allowed it merely because it was temporary." If the owner of the beam maintains the sukkah for 30 days, he establishes his right to it, for that is no longer considered temporary.
Different rules apply if he constructed a sukkah for the holiday. Within all the seven days of the holiday, he does not establish his right to maintain it. After the seven days are completed, he does establish his right.
If he joins the end of the beam to the wall with mortar, he establishes his right immediately, provided he brings proof that Reuven helped him in the construction or saw and did not protest.
ז
כותל שבין ראובן ושמעון אם היו שותפין בה שניהם משתמשין בו זה חופר מצד זה ומכניס קורותיו כל שהן וזה חופר מצד זה ומכניס קורותיו היה הכותל של ראובן לבדו אין שמעון יכול להשתמש בו חפר שמעון בכותל זה והכניס בה קורה אחת ושתק ראובן ולא מיחה בו החזיק במקום הקורה אפילו היתה קטנה ורצה שמעון להחליפה בקורה גדולה ועבה מחליף היתה הקורה סוכת עראי כל שלשים יום לא החזיק בה סתם שהרי ראובן אומר לא מחלתי והנחתיך אלא מפני שהוא עראי לאחר שלשים יום החזיק שאין זה עראי ואם סוכת ימי החג היא כל שבעת ימי החג לא החזיק לאחר שבעה החזיק ואם חיבר ראש הקורה בכותל בטיט מיד החזיק והוא שיביא ראיה שראובן סייע עמו או ראה ולא מיחה:
8
If a person established a right to insert one beam into a wall, he does not have a right to insert a second beam. For the owner of wall waived his right to protest with regard to only one beam.
When does the above apply? When the person inserting the beam admitted that the wall did not belong to him, and the owner waived his right to protest with regard to the insertion of this beam. If, however, he claimed, "I am a partner in this wall," since he made use of it for one beam, his word is accepted and he is allowed to insert all his beams. He takes a sh'vuat hesset that he is a partner in the entire wall.
ח
מי שהחזיק בכותל זה בקורה אחת אינו יכול להחזיק בקורה שנייה שהרי לא מחל לו אלא על האחת בד"א כשהודה שאין הכותל זה שלו אלא חבירו מחל לו על הכנסת קורה זו אבל אם טען שכותל זה שותף אני בה הואיל והשתמש בה בקורה אחת נאמן ומשתמש בכולן אחר שישבע שבועת היסת שהוא שותף בכל הכותל:
9
When one of the colleagues builds the wall without the participation of the other, only he has the right to it. If beams belonging to Reuven were placed within the wall, and there was also space hollowed out on Shimon's side for him to place his beams, Shimon has not established his right to it. Shimon may not insert his beams into the wall, nor may he claim that he is a partner in it, for he has no right to use it.
Reuven can refute Shimon's claims, stating: "Before building the wall I hollowed out these places on your side, so that they will be prepared for you so that when you will purchase a share from me, or when you will request me to waive my right to protest and allow you to insert your beams, you will be able to do so without hollowing out the wall, so that the wall will not be shaken when it is hollowed out.
ט
היו קורותיו של ראובן בתוך הכותל ובצד שמעון מקומות חפורין להכניס בהן ראשי הקורות לא החזיק בהן שמעון להכניס בה קורות ואינו יכול לטעון שהוא שותף בו שהרי אין לו בית תשמיש ויכול ראובן לטעון שאני חפרתי מקומות אלו בצדך כדי שיהיו מוכנים עד שתקנה ממני או שתבקש ממני ואמחול לך ותכניס הקורות בלא חפירה בכותל כדי שלא יתמטמט כותלי בעת חפירה:
Shechenim - Chapter Nine
1
A person may not dig a cistern, a trench or a storage vat next to a wall belonging to a colleague unless he distances himself at least three handbreadths from the wall. Nor may he extend an irrigation ditch or make a pool for soaking clothes to be laundered near a wall, unless he makes such a separation. He must seal the wall of this cistern, water reservoir or irrigation ditch with cement on the side near his colleague, so that the water does not seep through and damage his colleague's wall.
א
לא יחפור אדם בור ולא שיח ולא מערה ולא יביא אמת המים ולא יעשה בריכת המים לשרות בה בגדים לכבס בצד כתלו של חבירו אא"כ הרחיק מכותל שלשה טפחים ויסיד בסיד לכותל בור זה או מקוה המים זה או כותל האמה מצד חבירו כדי שלא יבליעו המים ויזיקו כותל חבירו:
2
A separation of three handbreadths must be placed between olive debris, tar, salt, lime, or flint stones and a wall belonging to one's colleague, or these substances must be coated with cement.
Similarly, a separation of three handbreadths must be made between a wall and plants, plowing, and a cesspool where urine is collected.
ב
מרחיקין את הגפת ואת הזפת ואת המלח ואת הסיד ואת הסלעים מכותלו של חבירו שלשה טפחים או סד בסיד ומרחיקין את הזרעים ואת החרישה ואת הגומא שמתקבץ בה מימי רגלים מן הכותל שלשה טפחים:
3
A mill must be placed at a distance from a colleague's wall. The lower millstone must be separated from the wall by at least three handbreadths, causing the upper millstone to be separated by four handbreadths, so that the millstone will not cause tremors to the wall, and so that its noise will not frighten the neighbor.
ג
מרחיקין את הרחיים [מן הכותל] שלשה טפחים מן הרחיים התחתונה שהן ארבעה מן העליונה כדי שלא יניד אותו או כדי שלא יבהלנו בקול הרחיים:
4
An oven should be separated from a wall; a separation of three handbreadths should be made between the wall and its base, resulting in a distance of four handbreadths between the wall and its upper portion, so that the wall will not become heated.
ד
מרחיקין את התנור מן הכותל שלשה טפחים מקרקעיתו שהן ארבעה משפתו כדי שלא יחם הכותל:
5
A separation of four cubits must be made between a wall belonging to a colleague and a stone used by a launderer to beat garments until they become white. For otherwise, when the launderer beats the garments with the stone, the water will spray outward and damage the wall.
ה
אבן שהכובס מכה בגדים עליה עד שיתלבנו צריך להרחיק אותה ארבע אמות מכותל של חבירו שבעת שהכובס מכה עליה המים נתזין ומזיקין לכותל:
6
A person should not urinate next to a wall belonging to a colleague unless he distances himself three handbreadths from it.
When does the above apply? With regard to a brick wall. With regard to a stone wall, by contrast, it is necessary to distance oneself by only one handbreadth. If the stones are marble, one may urinate on the side of the wall without making any separation.
ו
לא ישתין אדם מים בצד כותלו של חבירו אלא אם כן הרחיק ממנו ג' טפחים במה דברים אמורים בכותל לבנים אבל בכותל אבנים ירחיק טפח ואם היו האבנים צחיח סלע משתין בצדו בלא הרחקה:
7
A ladder should be separated from a dovecote by at least four cubits, so that, when the ladder is placed down, a marten will not leap up and ascend to the dovecote and eat the doves.
ז
מרחיקין את הסולם מהשובך ארבע אמות כדי שלא תקפוץ הנמיה בעת שמניח הסולם ותעלה לשובך ותאכל הגוזלות:
8
One should leave a space of four cubits between a wall and a drainpipe belonging to a colleague, so that the owner of the drainpipe can set up a ladder to fix his drainpipe. Since he has established his right to the drainpipe he is given this additional privilege.
ח
ומרחיקין את הכותל מן המזחילה של חבירו ארבע אמות כדי שיהיה מקום לבעל המזחילה לזקוף סולם ולתקן מזחילה שלו הואיל והחזיק בה:
9
When a wall belonging to Reuven was joined to a wall belonging to Shimon in an L,and Reuven desires to build a second wall opposite Shimon's wall so that the three walls will appear as a Bet, Shimon can prevent him from doing so, and require him to leave a space of four cubits between the walls so that there will be a wide space between the walls where people can tread and strengthen the earth.
When does the above apply? With regard to a wall of a garden, or with regard to the wall of a courtyard in a new city. In an older city, by contrast, this is unnecessary, and one may build opposite the wall without making any separation. Similarly, if the length of Shimon's wall opposite which Reuven was building was less than four cubits, Reuven may build opposite it without making any separation, even though he prevents people from walking there. The rationale is that a wall that is less than four cubits long does not have to have the earth near it strengthened.
ט
ראובן שהיה כותלו סמוך לכותל שמעון כמין גם ובא ראובן לעשות כותל שני כנגד כותל שמעון עד שיעשה השלשה כותלין כמין בי"ת הרי שמעון מעכב עליו עד שירחיק מכנגדו ארבע אמות כדי שיהיה המקום בין שני הכותלים רחב כדי שידושו בו רבים ותתחזק הארץ בד"א בכותל גינה או בכותל חצר בעיר חדשה אבל בעיר ישנה כבר נתחזקה ובונה כנגדו בלא הרחקה וכן אם לא היה באורך כותל שמעון שבונה כנגדו ארבע אמות אינו מרחיק אע"פ שמונע הרגל מלהלך שם שהכותל שהוא פחות מארבע אמות אינו צריך חיזוק הארץ:
10
The following rules apply when a person comes to dig a cistern at the end of his field, near the property boundary of a colleague. If the field belonging to the person's colleague is not appropriate to contain cisterns, the person may dig his cistern next to the boundary. The colleague may not protest against him. If the colleague changes his mind and decides to dig a cistern next to the cistern that was dug, he must separate himself three handbreadths from the wall of the cistern, so that there will be six handbreadths between the cavities of the two cisterns.
If the field belonging to the person's colleague is appropriate to contain cisterns, the person may not dig his cistern next to the boundary. Instead, he must distance himself three handbreadths from the boundary before digging. Similarly, when his colleague comes to dig a cistern, he must also make a separation, digging the cistern three handbreadths within his field.
י
מי שבא לחפור בור בסוף שדהו לסמוך למצר חבירו אם שדה חבירו אינו עשוי לבורות סומך ואינו יכול למחות בידו ואם ימלך חבירו לחפור בור בצדו צריך להרחיק מן כותל הבור שלשה טפחים עד שיהא בין חלל שתי הבורות ששה טפחים ואם היתה שדה חבירו עשויה לבורות אינו סומך עד שירחיק מן המצר שלשה טפחים ויחפור וכשיבא חבירו לחפור ירחיק גם הוא שלשה טפחים בתוך שדהו ויחפור:
11
The following rules apply when the first storey of a house and its second storey belong to two separate individuals. The owner of the house should not build an oven in the first storey of his house unless he leaves a space of four cubits above it. The owner of the second storey may not build an oven until there is a ceiling three handbreadths thick below it. For a range, one handbreadth is sufficient. If he desires to build a baker's oven, there must be a ceiling four handbreadths thick below it. For a range belonging to a baker, three handbreadths is required.
Even if the person took the necessary precautions and separated the required distance, if a fire emanated from the oven and caused damage, he must pay for the damages, as explained in the source dealing with this subject.
יא
הבית והעלייה של שנים לא יעשה בעל הבית תנור בתוך ביתו אלא א"כ יש לו על גביו גובה ארבע אמות וכן לא יעמיד בעל העלייה תנור עד שיהיו תחתיו מעזיבה שלשה טפחים ובכירה טפח ואם תנור של נחתומים הוא צריך שיהא תחתיו ארבעה טפחים ובכירה של נחתומין שלשה טפחים ואף על פי שהרחיק השיעור אם יצאת האש והזיקה משלם מה שהזיק כמו שיתבאר במקומו:
12
The following rules apply when a person owns a store below a storage warehouse belonging to a colleague. In the store, he should not make a bakery, a paint factory or a barn for cattle, nor should he bring in hay or other substances that generate warm air, for this will damage the produce stored in the warehouse.
For this reason, if the warehouse was used to store wine in Eretz Yisrael that is not ruined by heat, the store owner may perform any task involving fire that he desires. He should not, however, make it a barn for cattle, for this will spoil the aroma of the wine.
If the store had already been established as a barn, a bakery or the like, and afterwards the owner of the second storey desired to make his loft a warehouse for produce, he may not protest against the store owner's continued use of the premises for their original purpose.
יב
מי שהיתה לו חנות תחת אוצר חבירו לא יעשה בה לא נחתום ולא צבע ולא רפת בקר ולא יכניס שם אספסתא וכיוצא בהן מדברים שעולה מהם הבל חם הרבה מפני שהחום מפסיד פירות האוצר לפיכך אם היה אוצר יין בארץ ישראל שאין החום מפסידו הרי זה עושה בחנותו כל מלאכת אש שירצה אבל לא יעשה רפת בקר מפני שמפסיד ריח היין ואם הוחזקו החנות בתחלה לרפת או לנחתום וכיוצא בו ואח"כ רצה בעל העלייה לעשות עלייתו אוצר אינו יכול למחות בידו:
13
If the owner of the second storey swept out his premises and sprinkled water on the floor, or made many windows so that he could use his premises as a warehouse, and the owner of the lower storey rushed and began building an oven before his colleague brought in produce to the warehouse, the owner of the second story began to store sesame seeds, pomegranates, dates and the like, and the owner of the lower storey rushed and began building an oven before his colleague brought in wheat to the warehouse, or the owner of the store built a loft on top of his store to separate between the store and the warehouse, the owner of the warehouse may prevent him from taking these actions. If, however, the owner of the store transgressed and built an oven or the like, the owner of the warehouse does not have the power to force him to remove the oven in all these situations.
יג
כיבד בעל הבית ורבץ עלייתו או שרבה בה חלונות כדי לעשות בו אוצר וקדם זה ועשה תנור קודם שיכניס פירות לאוצר או שהתחיל לאצור שומשמין או רמונים או תמרים וכיוצא בהן וקדם זה ועשה התנור קודם שאצר החטין או שעשה בעל החנות מחילה על גבה להבדיל בין החנות ובין האוצר בכל אלו בעל אוצר מעכב עליו ואם עבר ועשה תנור וכיוצא בו אין בעל האוצר יכול להסיר התנור בכל אלו:
• Tuesday, 19 AV , 5776 · 23 August 2016
• "Today's Day"
• Friday, Menachem Av 19, 5703
Torah lessons: Chumash: Eikev, Shishi with Rashi.
Tehillim: 90-96.
Tanya: Now, with (p. 415) ...is to Abraham." (p. 415).
Those who daven with four pairs of tefillin follow this procedure:
1. Put on Rashi hand - and head - tefillin before saying Chapter Eizehu (p. 23), and daven in them until after ach tzadikim... (p. 85).
2. Remove the Rashi tefillin from the head and put on - without a b'racha - Shimusha Raba tefillin for the head. Recite sh'ma... until emet; then recite the daily portion of Tehillim (as the Tehillim is divided into the days of the month). The meticulous would study those chapters with the commentaries of Rashi and Metzudot.
3. Then put on - without a b'racha - Rabeinu Tam tefillin,1 recite sh'ma... until emet, then chapter Kadeish... (p. 85) and the Remembrances printed in the Siddur (p. 86). Then study a chapter of Mishna, each according to his comprehension.
4. Remove the Rabeinu Tam tefillin from the head and put on the Ra'avad tefillin for the head - without a b'racha. Recite sh'ma... until emet; study the day's portion of Chumash with the commentary of Rashi - on Sunday (the first parsha) until sheini, Monday the second parsha, etc.
FOOTNOTES
1.It is critical to note that the Rebbe of righteous memory has instructed and requested all of Bar-mitzva age and older to regularly put on Rabeinu Tam tefillin. Viz. sichot of Purim 5736, Motza'ei Va'eira 5739, Pekudei 5741.
• Daily Thought:
We Can Heal the World
How can we heal the world? By being one.
What does it mean to be one?
If, wherever you go, you carry there every other Jew in your heart, then all of us are one.
And when we are one, all the peoples of the world can live in harmony as one.
And then the world is healed. For we are the heart of the world.[20 Av, 5742.]
How can we heal the world? By being one.
What does it mean to be one?
If, wherever you go, you carry there every other Jew in your heart, then all of us are one.
And when we are one, all the peoples of the world can live in harmony as one.
And then the world is healed. For we are the heart of the world.[20 Av, 5742.]
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