Tuesday, October 31, 2017

The Center for Action and Contemplation of Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States for Wednesday, 1 November 2017 "Richard Rohr Meditation: Coming to Be Love"

The Center for Action and Contemplation of Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States for Wednesday, 1 November 2017 "Richard Rohr Meditation: Coming to Be Love"
Richard Rohr's Daily Meditation

Image credit: The Starry Night (detail), Vincent van Gogh, Saint Rรฉmy, June 1889. Museum of Modern Art, New York, New York.
"Cosmology"
"Coming to Be Love"
Wednesday, November 1, 2017
(All Saints Day)
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Ilia Delio, a Franciscan sister and scientist, continues reflecting on love as the heart of the universe.
To see the universe through the eyes of love helps us make sense of evolution, not as a process of cold, blind chance or randomness, but one of passion, yearning, novelty, union, gift, suffering, death, and new life. Love is the faithful heart of the cosmos, the constancy of all life; yet love seeks to become more being-in-love and hence is the energy of change. . . . The name “God” points to this mystery of love in its unlimited depth, the center of all that is; love that overflows onto new life. God is not a super-natural Being hovering above earth, but the supra-personal whole, the Omega, who exists in all and through all.
God is love—eternal, divine, overflowing, personal love. Love goes out to another for the sake of the other and manifests itself in relationship. Divine love is personally relational—Trinity: Lover, Beloved, and the Breath of Love. Divine Love, breathed forth into Word incarnate, marks the history of evolution. . . . Every star, every galaxy, every leaf and bird breathed forth in divine Love, reveals the Christ who is the personal unity of divine being-in-love. From all eternity, God has sought to love another, to be love in another, and to be loved by the other forever—this other is the Christ who is the aim and purpose of this evolutionary universe.
[Evolution] is not only the universe coming to be, but it is God who is coming to be. Divine Love, poured into space-time, rises in consciousness and erupts in the life of Jesus of Nazareth, becoming the pledge of our future in the risen Christ: “I am with you always until the end of the world” (Matthew 28:20). We can read the history of our 13.7-billion-year-old universe as the rising up of Divine Love incarnate, which bursts forth in the person of Jesus, who reveals love’s urge toward wholeness through reconciliation, mercy, peace, and forgiveness. Jesus is the love of God incarnate, the wholemaker who shows the way of evolution toward unity in love. . . . In Jesus, God comes to us from the future to be our future. . . .
Christian life is a commitment to love, to give birth to God in one’s own life and to become midwives of divinity in this evolving cosmos. We are to be wholemakers of love in a world of change.
In summary, this is why I (Richard) say we need to switch our thinking from “Jesus came to fulfill us” to “we have come to fulfill Christ.” We are a part of this ever-growing cosmic Christ that is coming to be in this one great big act of giving birth described in Romans 8:22. [1]
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Gateway to Silence: We live, move, and have our being in love.
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References:
[1] Richard Rohr, Christ, Cosmology & Consciousness, disc 1 (Center for Action and Contemplation: 2010), MP3 download.
Ilia Delio, “Love at the Heart of the Universe,” “The Perennial Tradition,” Oneing, vol. 1, no. 1 (Center for Action and Contemplation: 2013), 21-22. No longer in print. Emphasis mine.
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Join us for meditation!
Thursday, November 2
10:30 a.m. US EDT / 8:30 a.m. US MDT
As part of our month-long 30th anniversary celebration, we’re opening several of our regular contemplative “sits” to friends around the world. You can also find us on Facebook and @CACRadicalGrace on Twitter and Instagram to learn about CAC’s evolution over the years and share stories from your own spiritual journey. Help us #AwakenLove!
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Copyright © 2017

The Center for Action and Contemplation
1823 Five Points Road South West (physical)
PO Box 12464 (mailing)
Albuquerque, New Mexico 87195, United States
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The United Methodist Church of the Resurrection in Leawood, Kansas, United States Weekly Devotions: Grow Pray Study Guide - “Reformation – 500 Years and Counting 'While we were still sinners Christ died for us'” for Wednesday, 1 November 2017

The United Methodist Church of the Resurrection in Leawood, Kansas, United States Weekly Devotions: Grow Pray Study Guide - “Reformation – 500 Years and Counting 'While we were still sinners Christ died for us'” for Wednesday, 1 November 2017
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Questions in this GPS marked with an arrow are particularly recommended for group discussion. Group leaders may add
other discussion questions, or substitute other questions for the marked ones, at their discretion.
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“While we were still sinners Christ died for us”
Wednesday, 1 November 2017
Romans 5:1 So, since we have come to be considered righteous by God because of our trust, let us continue to have shalom with God through our Lord, Yeshua the Messiah. 2 Also through him and on the ground of our trust, we have gained access to this grace in which we stand; so let us boast about the hope of experiencing God’s glory. 3 But not only that, let us also boast in our troubles; because we know that trouble produces endurance, 4 endurance produces character, and character produces hope; 5 and this hope does not let us down, because God’s love for us has already been poured out in our hearts through the Ruach HaKodesh who has been given to us.
6 For while we were still helpless, at the right time, the Messiah died on behalf of ungodly people. 7 Now it is a rare event when someone gives up his life even for the sake of somebody righteous, although possibly for a truly good person one might have the courage to die. 8 But God demonstrates his own love for us in that the Messiah died on our behalf while we were still sinners.
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The salvation God’s grace offers us brings times of splendid joy and peace. But human feelings are volatile. We do not always feel that “the love of God has been poured out in our hearts,” and neither did Martin Luther. “The story of Scripture, Luther began to understand, is not how we make our way up the mountain by getting grace and then topping it off with love and works. Scripture is the story of how God came down to meet us—while we were yet sinners.” * Paul said we’re secure, not because we feel a certain way, but because Jesus
loved us so much that he died for us.
ร˜ The Christian faith affects our feelings, but it is not mainly about how we feel. The faith’s roots are in a specific historical event—Jesus’ birth, life, death and resurrection. Paul said the vital proof of God’s love for us is the fact that Jesus died for us. How solid is your grasp of the “Christ-event,” of the witnesses to the reality of Jesus’ history? In what ways might you deepen your knowledge and understanding of that central set of events?
• Paul twice used a verb that meant “to rejoice, be very happy.” In verse 2, the Common English Bible renders it “we boast in the hope of God’s glory.” In verse 3, we read, “We even take pride in our
problems,” which may be even harder to grasp. Have you ever experienced the progression of trouble, endurance, character, and hope bringing you a powerful sense of God’s love being “poured out” in your heart?
Prayer: Lord Jesus, you didn’t just wish me well from a distance. You came to this flawed planet, and lived, died and then lived again to save me. I open my heart again today—pour your love into it. Amen.
* Steven Paulson, Luther for Armchair Theologians. Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press, 2004, p. 62-63.
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Dr. Amy Oden
Dr. Amy Oden is Professor of Early Church History and Spirituality at Saint Paul School of Theology at OCU. Teaching is her calling, and she looks forward to every day with students. Her latest book (Right Here, Right Now: The Practice of Christian Mindfulness, Abingdon Press, 2017) traces ancient mindfulness practice for Christians today.
The GPS for today says it well: “We do not always feel ‘the love of God has been poured out in our hearts’ and neither did Martin Luther.” Of course, neither did John Wesley, the founder of the Methodist Movement in the 1700’s. Both Luther and Wesley struggled mightily with their own sense of unworthiness, never feeling good enough for God. Ultimately, they found in the good news of God’s love for us a grace so deep and wide, they could be freed. Still, they had their good days when they could feel the love God poured into their hearts, and their bad days when they couldn’t.
Faith is not so much something we feel – though it does often elicit feelings – as it is a way of walking through life, a trust. Trust in God’s love poured out in our hearts whether we feel it or not. At night when we can’t see or feel sunlight, nevertheless we trust the sun exists, is constant and that daylight will come. Similarly, faith in God’s love means we walk through life in this trust.
Paul describes this faith-trust as a way of life that includes struggle and hope. Wesley describes this faith-trust as “assurance” -- not assurance that our lives will be trouble-free but that we live assured of God’s love whether we happen to feel it in the moment or not. This “faith of assurance” empowers us to love God and neighbor. The Reformation was all about Christians trusting in God’s goodness rather than in our own. There is a wide freedom in realizing we don’t have to get it right all the time. God poured out love on the cross so that we might walk in faith-trust.
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“Not ashamed of the gospel”
Thursday, 2 November 2017
Romans 1:16 For I am not ashamed of the Good News, since it is God’s powerful means of bringing salvation to everyone who keeps on trusting, to the Jew especially, but equally to the Gentile. 17 For in it is revealed how God makes people righteous in his sight; and from beginning to end it is through trust — as the Tanakh puts it, “But the person who is righteous will live his life by trust.”[Romans 1:17 Habakkuk 2:4], 2 Timothy 3:16 All Scripture is God-breathed and is valuable for teaching the truth, convicting of sin, correcting faults and training in right living; 17 thus anyone who belongs to God may be fully equipped for every good work.
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Martin Luther faced a pivotal moment in 1521. In a large assembly, including the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, he had to say if he would recant his books “and the errors they contain.” He answered, “’Unless I am convicted by Scripture and plain reason—I do not accept the authority of popes and councils, for they have contradicted each other—my conscience is captive to the Word of God. I cannot and I will not recant anything, for to go against conscience is neither right nor safe. God help me. Amen.’ The earliest printed version added the words: ‘Here I stand. I cannot do otherwise.’” *
ร˜ Luther took the Scriptures as his supreme authority. He repeatedly asked his medieval opponents to show him where Scripture said he was wrong. Paul said the Scripture is “useful for teaching, for showing
mistakes, for correcting, and for training character,” that through it “the person who belongs to God can be equipped to do everything that is good.” In which of these ways has the Bible had the greatest impact in your life? In what ways do you want to apply your Bible reading more fully?
• Like Jesus and the first Christians, Luther faced eminent political and religious figures who said their way of doing things was right—because it was the way they did things. Just prior to Luther’s emphatic “I cannot recant” answer in 1521, a church spokesman said, “Your plea to be heard from Scripture is the one
always made by heretics.” ** But Luther didn’t flinch in the face of the name-calling. What does it take for you to be unashamed of Jesus and the Scriptures that teach you about him in the world of 2017?
Prayer: Lord Jesus, I want others to like me, to approve of me. Sometimes that’s good; sometimes that leads me away from your path. Teach me how to be unashamed of my faith. Amen.
* Roland H. Bainton, Here I Stand: A Life of Martin Luther. Nashville: Abingdon Press, 1950; paperback edition by Mentor
Books, pp. 144.
** Roland H. Bainton, Here I Stand: A Life of Martin Luther. Nashville: Abingdon Press, 1950; paperback edition by Mentor
Books, pp. 143.
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“You are being made into a holy priesthood”
Friday, 3 November 2017
1 Peter 2:4 As you come to him, the living stone, rejected by people but chosen by God and precious to him, 5 you yourselves, as living stones, are being built into a spiritual house to be cohanim set apart for God to offer spiritual sacrifices acceptable to him through Yeshua the Messiah. 6 This is why the Tanakh says,
“Look! I am laying in Tziyon a stone,
a chosen and precious cornerstone;
and whoever rests his trust on it
will certainly not be humiliated.”[1 Peter 2:6 Isaiah 28:16]
7 Now to you who keep trusting, he is precious. But to those who are not trusting,
“The very stone that the builders rejected
has become the cornerstone”;[1 Peter 2:7 Psalm 118:22]
8 also he is
a stone that will make people stumble,
a rock over which they will trip.[1 Peter 2:8 Isaiah 8:14]
They are stumbling at the Word, disobeying it — as had been planned. 9 But you are a chosen people,[1 Peter 2:9 Isaiah 43:20; Deuteronomy 7:6; 10:15] the King’s cohanim,[1 Peter 2:9 Exodus 19:6; Isaiah 61:6] a holy nation,[1 Peter 2:9 Exodus 19:6] a people for God to possess![1 Peter 2:9 Isaiah 43:21; Exodus 19:5] Why? In order for you to declare the praises of the One who called you out of darkness into his wonderful light. 10 Once you were not a people, but now you are God’s people; before, you had not received mercy, but now you have received mercy.[1 Peter 2:10 Hosea 2:25(23)]
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The medieval church said priests, bishops, archbishops, cardinals and popes were inherently superior, spiritually and legally, to everyone else. Based on the Bible’s teaching, Luther strongly disagreed. “God gave the ‘precious keys’ for heaven itself, which was first received in baptism, to all believers….Luther then referred to such forgiven sinners as ‘the priesthood of all believers,’ a holy priesthood (1 Peter 2:5) that was not
reserved for a special class of people sacramentally ordained.” *
ร˜ Peter drew from Exodus 19:5-6 (Israelite people were a “holy priesthood”) and Hosea 1:10 and 2:23 (Israelites freed from exile were God’s people, though for a time they hadn’t been). Have you ever thought of yourself as a member of “a chosen race, a royal priesthood, a holy nation, a people who are God’s own possession”? How can that rewrite your sense of mission and purpose in life?
• One of Luther’s projects that re-shaped the world was translating the Bible into German. Since God called all Christians to be priests, he believed they should be able to read the Bible for themselves. Today there is a wide range of English translations of the Bible, and we can access them through tools like www.biblegateway.com. Yet we often don’t read our Bibles much. That’s why Resurrection offers classes like “Meet Your Bible” and Disciple Bible study, as well as a series of studies called Tuesday Bible Study. How will you deepen your understanding and application of the Bible in your own life?
Prayer: Lord God, you give me a high and holy calling, and you make the Bible’s writings readily available to guide me in living out that calling. I’m no Luther, but give me his devotion and willingness to learn from you. Amen.
* Steven Paulson, Luther for Armchair Theologians. Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press, 2004, p. 163.
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“The Lord of heavenly forces is with us!”
Saturday, 4 November 2017
Psalm 46:1 (0) For the leader. By the descendants of Korach. On ‘alamot [high-pitched musical instruments?]. A song:
2 (1) God is our refuge and strength,
an ever-present help in trouble.
3 (2) Therefore we are unafraid,
even if the earth gives way,
even if the mountains tumble
into the depths of the sea,
4 (3) even if its waters rage and foam,
and mountains shake at its turbulence. (Selah)
5 (4) There is a river whose streams
gladden the city of God,
the holy habitation of ‘Elyon —
6 (5) God is in the city.
It will not be moved —
when daybreak comes, God will help it.
7 (6) Nations were in turmoil,
kingdoms were moved;
his voice thundered forth,
and the earth melted away.
8 (7) Adonai-Tzva’ot is with us,
our fortress, the God of Ya‘akov. (Selah)
9 (8) Come and see the works of Adonai,
the astounding deeds he has done on the earth.
10 (9) To the ends of the earth he makes wars cease —
he breaks the bow, snaps the spear,
burns the shields in the fire.
11 (10) “Desist, and learn that I am God,
supreme over the nations,
supreme over the earth.”
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All through his life, Luther battled against awful low points. “The content of the depressions was always the same, the loss of faith that God is good and that he is good to me….Always and above all else, the one great objective aid for Luther was the Scriptures ….[He wrote,] ’The true Christian pilgrimage is not to Rome or
Compostela, but to the prophets, the Psalms and the Gospels.’” * In his later years, he wrote one anti-Semitic pamphlet that even admiring biographer Roland Bainton called a “vulgar blast,” adding that “one could wish that Luther had died before ever this tract was written.” ** Yet this flawed but faithful servant, like the apostle
Peter we studied in August and September, left an overall legacy of faith and fortitude that continues to challenge and inspire Christ-followers today.
• Luther based one of his greatest, most enduring hymns on Psalm 46. Let the message of his powerful lyrics sink deeply into your heart:
“A mighty fortress is our God, a bulwark never failing; Our helper He, amid the flood of mortal ills prevailing: For still our ancient foe doth seek to work us woe; His craft and power are great, and, armed with cruel hate, On earth is not his equal. Did we in our own strength confide, our striving would be losing; Were not the right Man on our side, the Man of God’s own choosing: Dost ask who that may be? Christ Jesus, it is He; Lord Sabaoth, His Name, from age to age the same, And He must win the battle.” ***
Prayer: Lord God, you are a mighty fortress, one to whom I can turn amid whatever flood of mortal ills I face. Thank you that I can share with Luther the confidence that, in the end, you must win the battle. Amen.
* Roland H. Bainton, Here I Stand: A Life of Martin Luther. Nashville: Abingdon Press, 1950; paperback edition by Mentor
Books, pp. 282-283, 288.
** Roland H. Bainton, Here I Stand: A Life of Martin Luther. Nashville: Abingdon Press, 1950; paperback edition by Mentor
Books, pp. 297.
*** Two stanzas of the hymn in the familiar English translation by Frederick Hedge. For all four stanzas, and an alternate
English version, click here.
Family Activity: For us to fully live into God’s wisdom and grace, it is important that we know Scripture. Create a stack of Scriptures for your home. Gather and distribute colored index cards and pens or pencils along with a Bible to each family member. Ask each person to choose 3-4 favorite Bible passages and write them on his or her index cards along with his or her name. Collect the cards and keep them on the dining table. Before each meal, select a card, read the passage and pray for the person who chose it. Place that card on the bottom of the stack. If you have young family members, invite them to draw pictures describing a Bible story or to help other family members. Keep adding to your family’s stack throughout the year and see how many portions of the Bible you can memorize!
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Prayer Requests – cor.org/prayer
Prayers for Peace & Comfort for:
• LaRue Wyatt and family on the death of her husband Don E. Wyatt, 10/24
• Clara Clark and family on the death of her husband Edward F. “Ed” Clark, 10/23
• Carrie Soper and family on the death of her husband Kurt Brannon Soper, 10/22
• Cricket Culp and family on the death of her husband Dean Culp, 10/22
• Family and friends of Delores Jean “Jeanie” Scott on her death, 10/22
• Sue Babson and family on the death of her mother Eleanor Dye, 10/21
• Michelle Hodge and family on the death of her mother Elaine Smith, 10/20
• Paula Slifer and family on the death of her father Paul Allan Cole, 10/20
• Glynn and Nancy Brown and family on the death of their daughter Lia Brown, 10/19
• Sherri Comfort and family on the death of her father Kenneth E. “Ken” Bowers, 10/17
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The United Methodist Church of the Resurrection
13720 Roe Avenue
Leawood, Kansas 66224, United States
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The God Pause Daily Devotional from The Luther Seminary of Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States for Wednesday, 1 November 2017 - 1 John 3:1-3


The God Pause Daily Devotional from The Luther Seminary of Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States for Wednesday, 1 November 2017 - 1 John 3:1-3
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1 John 3:1 See what love the Father has lavished on us in letting us be called God’s children! For that is what we are. The reason the world does not know us is that it has not known him. 2 Dear friends, we are God’s children now; and it has not yet been made clear what we will become. We do know that when he appears, we will be like him; because we will see him as he really is.
3 And everyone who has this hope in him continues purifying himself, since God is pure.(Complete Jewish Bible)
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Every new school year I would make resolutions about who I wanted to be that year. "This will be the year that I show up for school games," I would promise myself. Or, "This will be the year when I push myself to be more outgoing." I constantly set goals of who I wanted to become--always assuming who I was right now wasn't good enough.
"Beloved, we are God's children now," today's reading asserts. Right now, in this very moment. Imperfect, unsure, even sometimes unlikeable--right now we are God's children. This beautiful fact has the potential to free us from the expectations the world puts on us, because the world doesn't know us like God does. And because part of God's loving work is to form and re-form us. "What we will be has not yet been revealed." Broken and beloved, sinner and saint--these are the gifts of God!
I wait for the day, O God, when you will be revealed and I will be like you. Until then, keep filling me with your grace for the day. Help me be patient with others and myself as I wait for you. Amen.
Amanda Kempthorne, '09
Pastor,Lord of Life Lutheran Church,North Pole, Alaska
1 John 3:1 See what love the Father has given us, that we should be called children of God; and that is what we are. The reason the world does not know us is that it did not know him.
2 Beloved, we are God's children now; what we will be has not yet been revealed. What we do know is this: when he is revealed, we will be like him, for we will see him as he is.
3 And all who have this hope in him purify themselves, just as he is pure.(New Revised Standard Version)
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The Luther Seminary
2481 Como Avenue
St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, United States
Telephone: (651)641-3456-
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Chabad.org Calendar of New York, New York, United States - TODAY IN JUDAISM: 12 Cheshvan, 5778 - Wednesday, November 1, 2017 - - - ื‘"ื” - Today in Judaism - Today is Wednesday, 12 Cheshvan, 5778 · November 1, 2017

Chabad.org
ื‘"ื”
Today in Judaism
Chabad.org Calendar of New York, New York, United States - TODAY IN JUDAISM: 12 Cheshvan, 5778 - Wednesday, November 1, 2017 -  -  - ื‘"ื” - Today in Judaism - Today is Wednesday, 12 Cheshvan, 5778 · November 1, 2017
Today in Jewish History:
• Assassination of Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin (1995)
Yitzhak Rabin, Commander-in-Chief of the IDF during the Six Day War and later Prime Minister of Israel, was assassinated on this date in 5756 (1995).
Link:
Articles on Yitzhak Rabin’s relationship with the Rebbe, Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson, of righteous memory and Chabad.
Daily Quote: It is a land which the L-rd your G-d seeks; constantly the eyes of G-d are on it, from the beginning of the year to the end of the year (Deuteronomy 11:12)
Daily Torah Study:
Chumash: Vayeira, 4th Portion Genesis 19:21-21:4 with Rashi
• English / Hebrew Linear Translation
• Video Class
• Daily Wisdom (short insight)
Genesis Chapter 19
21And he said to him, "Behold I have favored you also as regards this matter, that I will not overturn the city that you have mentioned. ื›ืื•ַื™ֹּ֣ืืžֶืจ ืֵืœָ֔ื™ื• ื”ִื ֵּื”֙ ื ָืฉָׂ֣ืืชִื™ ืคָื ֶ֔ื™ืšָ ื’ַּ֖ื ืœַื“ָּื‘ָ֣ืจ ื”ַื–ֶּ֑ื” ืœְื‘ִืœְืชִּ֛ื™ ื”ָืคְื›ִּ֥ื™ ืֶืช־ื”ָืขִ֖ื™ืจ ืֲืฉֶׁ֥ืจ ื“ִּื‘ַּֽืจְืชָּ:
also as regards this matter: Not only will you be saved, but I will save the entire city for your sake.
ื’ื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื”: ืœื ื“ื™ื™ืš ืฉืืชื” ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ, ืืœื ืืฃ ื›ืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืืฆื™ืœ ื‘ื’ืœืœืš:
that I will…overturn: Heb. ื”ָืคְื›ִּื™, I overturn, as (below 48:5) “until I come (ื‘ֹּืִื™)”; (above 16:13) “after I have seen (ืจֹืִื™)”; (Jer. 31:19) “whenever I speak (ื“ַื‘ְּืจִื™) of him.”
ื”ืคื›ื™: ื”ื•ืคืš ืื ื™, ื›ืžื• (ืžื— ื”) ืขื“ ื‘ื•ืื™, (ื˜ื– ื™ื’) ืื—ืจื™ ืจื•ืื™, (ื™ืจืžื™ื” ืœื ื™ื˜) ืžื“ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื‘ื•:
22Hasten, flee there, for I will not be able to do anything until you arrive there." Therefore, he named the city Zoar. ื›ื‘ืžַื”ֵืจ֙ ื”ִืžָּืœֵ֣ื˜ ืฉָׁ֔ืžָּื” ื›ִּ֣ื™ ืœֹ֤ื ืื•ּื›ַืœ֙ ืœַֽืขֲืฉׂ֣ื•ֹืช ื“ָּื‘ָ֔ืจ ืขַื“־ื‘ֹּֽืֲืšָ֖ ืฉָׁ֑ืžָּื” ืขַืœ־ื›ֵּ֛ืŸ ืงָืจָ֥ื ืฉֵֽׁื־ื”ָืขִ֖ื™ืจ ืฆֽื•ֹืขַืจ:
Hasten, flee there, for I will not be able to do: This is the angels’ punishment because they said (verse 13): “For we are destroying,” and they attributed the matter to themselves; therefore they did not move from there until they were compelled to say that the matter was not in their power. — [based on Gen. Rabbah 50:9]
ื›ื™ ืœื ืื•ื›ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช: ื–ื”ื• ืขื•ื ืฉืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืœืื›ื™ื, ืขืœ ืฉืืžืจื• (ืคืกื•ืง ื™ื’) ื›ื™ ืžืฉื—ื™ืชื™ื ืื ื—ื ื•, ื•ืชืœื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืขืฆืžืŸ, ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืœื ื–ื–ื• ืžืฉื ืขื“ ืฉื”ื•ื–ืงืงื• ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืจืฉื•ืชืŸ:
for I will not be able: [This expression is] in the singular. From here you learn that one was to overturn [the cities] and one was to save [Lot and his family], because two angels are not sent for one mission. — [from Gen. Rabbah 50:2]
ื›ื™ ืœื ืื•ื›ืœ: ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื™ื—ื™ื“, ืžื›ืืŸ ืืชื” ืœืžื“ ืฉื”ืื—ื“ ื”ื•ืคืš ื•ื”ืื—ื“ ืžืฆื™ืœ, ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ืžืœืื›ื™ื ื ืฉืœื—ื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“:
Therefore, he named the city Zoar: Because of [the words]“and it is small” (ืžִืฆְืขָืจ) .
ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืงืจื ืฉื ื”ืขื™ืจ ืฆื•ืขืจ: ืขืœ ืฉื (ืคืกื•ืง ื›) ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืฆืขืจ:
23The sun came out upon the earth, and Lot came to Zoar. ื›ื’ื”ַืฉֶּׁ֖ืžֶืฉׁ ื™ָืฆָ֣ื ืขַืœ־ื”ָืָ֑ืจֶืฅ ื•ְืœ֖ื•ֹื˜ ื‘ָּ֥ื ืฆֹֽืขֲืจָื”:
24And the Lord caused to rain down upon Sodom and Gomorrah brimstone and fire, from the Lord, from heaven. ื›ื“ื•ַֽื™ื”ֹื•ָ֗ื” ื”ִืžְื˜ִ֧ื™ืจ ืขַืœ־ืกְื“ֹ֛ื ื•ְืขַืœ־ืขֲืžֹืจָ֖ื” ื’ָּืคְืจִ֣ื™ืช ื•ָืֵ֑ืฉׁ ืžֵืֵ֥ืช ื™ְื”ֹื•ָ֖ื” ืžִืŸ־ื”ַืฉָּׁืžָֽื™ִื:
And the Lord caused to rain down: Wherever it is written “And the Lord,” it refers to God and His tribunal. — [from Gen. Rabbah 51:2]
ื•ื”' ื”ืžื˜ื™ืจ: ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฉื ืืžืจ ื•ื”' ื”ื•ื ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ื ื•:
caused to rain down upon Sodom: At the rise of dawn, as it is stated (verse 15): “And as the dawn rose,” a time when the moon is in the sky with the sun. Since some of them worshipped the sun and some of them the moon, the Holy One, blessed be He, said, “If I punish them by day, the moon worshippers will say, ‘Had it been at night, when the moon rules, we would not have been destroyed.’ And if I punish them at night, the sun worshippers will say, ‘Had it been by day, when the sun rules, we would not have been destroyed.’” Therefore, it is written: “And as the dawn rose”: He punished them at a time when the sun and the moon [both] rule. — [from Gen. Rabbah 60:12]
ื”ืžื˜ื™ืจ ืขืœ ืกื“ื•ื: ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ื”ืฉื—ืจ, ื›ืžื• ืฉื ืืžืจ ืœืขื™ืœ (ืคืกื•ืง ื˜ื•) ื•ื›ืžื• ื”ืฉื—ืจ ืขืœื”, ืฉืขื” ืฉื”ืœื‘ื ื” ืขื•ืžื“ืช ื‘ืจืงื™ืข ืขื ื”ื—ืžื”, ืœืคื™ ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžื”ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ ืœื—ืžื” ื•ืžื”ื ืœืœื‘ื ื”, ืืžืจ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืื ืืคืจืข ืžื”ื ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื ื” ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ื›ืฉื”ืœื‘ื ื” ืžื•ืฉืœืช ืœื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื—ืจื‘ื™ืŸ, ื•ืื ืืคืจืข ืžื”ื ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ื™ื”ื™ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื”ื—ืžื” ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ื›ืฉื”ื—ืžื” ืžื•ืฉืœืช ืœื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื—ืจื‘ื™ื, ืœื›ืš ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื•ื›ืžื• ื”ืฉื—ืจ ืขืœื” ื•ื ืคืจืข ืžื”ื ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉื”ื—ืžื” ื•ื”ืœื‘ื ื” ืžื•ืฉืœื™ื:
caused to rain down, etc., brimstone and fire: At first it was rain, and it became brimstone and fire. — [from Mechilta Beshallach, Massechta d’Shiratha, ch. 5]
ื”ืžื˜ื™ืจ ื•ื’ื•' ื’ืคืจื™ืช ื•ืืฉ: ื‘ืชื—ืœื” ืžื˜ืจ ื•ื ืขืฉื” ื’ืคืจื™ืช ื•ืืฉ:
from the Lord: It is customary for the Scriptural verses to speak in this manner, as in (above 4:23): “wives of Lemech,” and he did not say, “my wives.” And so did David say (I Kings 1:33): “Take with you the servants of your lord,” and he did not say, “my servants”; and so did Ahasuerus say (Esther 8:8): “in the name of the king,” and he did not say, “in my name.” Here too it states “from the Lord,” and it does not state “from Him.” - [from Sanh. 38b]
ืžืืช ื”': ื“ืจืš ื”ืžืงืจืื•ืช ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื›ืŸ, ื›ืžื• (ื“ ื›ื’) ื ืฉื™ ืœืžืš, ื•ืœื ืืžืจ ื ืฉื™ื™. ื•ื›ืŸ ืืžืจ ื“ื•ื“ (ืž"ื ื ืœื’) ืงื—ื• ืขืžื›ื ืืช ืขื‘ื“ื™ ืื“ื•ื ื™ื›ื, ื•ืœื ืืžืจ ืžืขื‘ื“ื™, ื•ื›ืŸ ืื—ืฉื•ืจื•ืฉ ืืžืจ (ืืกืชืจ ื— ื—) ื‘ืฉื ื”ืžืœืš, ื•ืœื ืืžืจ ื‘ืฉืžื™. ืืฃ ื›ืืŸ ืืžืจ ืžืืช ื”' ื•ืœื ืืžืจ ืžืืชื•:
from heaven: This is what Scripture says (Job 36:31): “For He judges the nations therewith” [i.e., with the heavens]. When He comes to chastise mankind, He brings upon them fire from heaven, as He did to Sodom, and when He comes to let down the manna, [it is also] from heaven [as Scripture states] (Exod. 16:4): “Behold I am raining down to you bread from heaven.” - [from Tan. Buber, Beshallach 20]
ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืžื™ื: ื•ื”ื•ื ืฉืืžืจ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ (ืื™ื•ื‘ ืœื• ืœื) ื›ื™ ื‘ื ื™ื“ื™ืŸ ืขืžื™ื ื•ื’ื•', ื›ืฉื‘ื ืœื™ืกืจ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช ืžื‘ื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื ืืฉ ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื›ืžื• ืฉืขืฉื” ืœืกื“ื•ื, ื•ื›ืฉื‘ื ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ื”ืžืŸ ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืžื™ื ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ (ืฉืžื•ืช ื˜ื– ื“) ื”ื ื ื™ ืžืžื˜ื™ืจ ืœื›ื ืœื—ื ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืžื™ื:
25And He turned over these cities and the entire plain, and all the inhabitants of the cities, and the vegetation of the ground. ื›ื”ื•ַื™ַּֽื”ֲืคֹืšְ֙ ืֶืช־ื”ֶֽืขָืจִ֣ื™ื ื”ָืֵ֔ืœ ื•ְืֵ֖ืช ื›ָּืœ־ื”ַื›ִּื›ָּ֑ืจ ื•ְืֵืช֙ ื›ָּืœ־ื™ֽืฉְׁื‘ֵ֣ื™ ื”ֶֽืขָืจִ֔ื™ื ื•ְืฆֶ֖ืžַื— ื”ָֽืֲื“ָืžָֽื”:
And He turned over these cities, etc.: The four of them were situated on one rock, and He turned them upside down, as it is said (Job 28:9): “He stretched forth His hand upon the flinty rock, etc.” [He turned it over from the root of the mountains.]- [from Gen. Rabbah 51:4]
ื•ื™ื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืขืจื™ื ื•ื’ื•': ืืจื‘ืขืชืŸ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืกืœืข ืื—ื“ ื•ื”ืคื›ืŸ ืžืœืžืขืœื” ืœืžื˜ื”, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืื™ื•ื‘ ื›ื— ื˜) ื‘ื—ืœืžื™ืฉ ืฉืœื— ื™ื“ื• ื•ื’ื•':
26And his wife looked from behind him, and she became a pillar of salt. ื›ื•ื•ַืชַּื‘ֵּ֥ื˜ ืִืฉְׁืชּ֖ื•ֹ ืžֵืַֽื—ֲืจָ֑ื™ื• ื•ַืชְּื”ִ֖ื™ ื ְืฆִ֥ื™ื‘ ืžֶֽืœַื—:
And his wife looked from behind him: from behind Lot. — [from Zohar, vol. 1, 108b]
ื•ืชื‘ื˜ ืืฉืชื• ืžืื—ืจื™ื•: ืžืื—ืจื™ื• ืฉืœ ืœื•ื˜:
and she became a pillar of salt: She sinned with salt, and she was punished with salt. He said to her, “Give a little salt to these guests.” She replied,“Also this evil custom you wish to introduce into this place?” - [from Gen. Rabbah 50:4]
ื•ืชื”ื™ ื ืฆื™ื‘ ืžืœื—: ื‘ืžืœื— ื—ื˜ืื” ื•ื‘ืžืœื— ืœืงืชื”. ืืžืจ ืœื” ืชื ื™ ืžืขื˜ ืžืœื— ืœืื•ืจื—ื™ื ื”ืœืœื•, ืืžืจื” ืœื• ืืฃ ื”ืžื ื”ื’ ื”ืจืข ื”ื–ื” ืืชื” ื‘ื ืœื”ื ื”ื™ื’ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ื–ื”:
27And Abraham arose early in the morning to the place where he had stood before the Lord. ื›ื–ื•ַื™ַּืฉְׁื›ֵּ֥ื ืַื‘ְืจָื”ָ֖ื ื‘ַּื‘ֹּ֑ืงֶืจ ืֶ֨ืœ־ื”ַืžָּืง֔ื•ֹื ืֲืฉֶׁืจ־ืขָ֥ืžַื“ ืฉָׁ֖ื ืֶืช־ืคְּื ֵ֥ื™ ื™ְื”ֹื•ָֽื”:
28And he looked over the face of Sodom and Gomorrah and over the entire face of the land of the plain, and he saw, and behold, the smoke of the earth had risen like the smoke of a furnace. ื›ื—ื•ַื™ַּืฉְׁืงֵ֗ืฃ ืขַืœ־ืคְּื ֵ֤ื™ ืกְื“ֹื֙ ื•ַֽืขֲืžֹืจָ֔ื” ื•ְืขַ֥ืœ ื›ָּืœ־ืคְּื ֵ֖ื™ ืֶ֣ืจֶืฅ ื”ַื›ִּื›ָּ֑ืจ ื•ַื™ַּ֗ืจְื ื•ְื”ִื ֵּ֤ื” ืขָืœָื”֙ ืงִื™ื˜ֹ֣ืจ ื”ָืָ֔ืจֶืฅ ื›ְּืงִื™ื˜ֹ֖ืจ ื”ַื›ִּื‘ְืฉָֽׁืŸ:
smoke: Heb. ืงִื™ื˜ื•ֹืจ a pillar of smoke, torche in Old French, column of fire (or smoke).
ืงื™ื˜ื•ืจ: ืชื™ืžื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืขืฉืŸ ื˜ื•ืจืง"ื [ืœืคื™ื“] ื‘ืœืข"ื–:
furnace: An excavation in which stones are burned into lime. This is the meaning of ื›ִּื‘ְืฉָׁืŸ wherever it appears in Scripture.
ื›ื‘ืฉืŸ: ื—ืคื™ืจื” ืฉืฉื•ืจืคื™ืŸ ื‘ื” ืืช ืื‘ื ื™ื ืœืกื™ื“, ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืœ ื›ื‘ืฉืŸ ืฉื‘ืชื•ืจื”:
29And it came to pass, when God destroyed the cities of the plain, that God remembered Abraham, and He sent Lot out of the midst of the destruction when He overturned the cities in which Lot had dwelt. ื›ื˜ื•ַื™ְื”ִ֗ื™ ื‘ְּืฉַׁื—ֵ֤ืช ืֱืœֹื”ִื™ื֙ ืֶืช־ืขָืจֵ֣ื™ ื”ַื›ִּื›ָּ֔ืจ ื•ַื™ִּื–ְื›ֹּ֥ืจ ืֱืœֹื”ִ֖ื™ื ืֶืช־ืַื‘ְืจָื”ָ֑ื ื•ַื™ְืฉַׁืœַּ֤ื— ืֶืช־ืœื•ֹื˜֙ ืžִืชּ֣ื•ֹืšְ ื”ַֽื”ֲืคֵื›ָ֔ื” ื‘ַּֽื”ֲืคֹืšְ֙ ืֶืช־ื”ֶ֣ืขָืจִ֔ื™ื ืֲืฉֶׁืจ־ื™ָืฉַׁ֥ื‘ ื‘ָּื”ֵ֖ืŸ ืœֽื•ֹื˜:
that God remembered Abraham: What does the remembrance of Abraham have to do with Lot? He remembered that Lot knew that Sarah was Abraham’s wife, and that he had heard in Egypt that Abraham said about Sarah, “She is my sister,” yet he did not reveal the matter because he [Lot] had pity on him [Abraham]. Therefore, the Holy One, blessed be He, had pity on him. — [from Gen. Rabbah 51:6]
ื•ื™ื–ื›ื•ืจ ื-ืœื”ื™ื ืืช ืื‘ืจื”ื: ืžื”ื• ื–ื›ื™ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืขืœ ืœื•ื˜, ื ื–ื›ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื•ื˜ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉืฉืจื” ืืฉืชื• ืฉืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื, ื•ืฉืžืข ืฉืืžืจ ืื‘ืจื”ื ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื ืขืœ ืฉืจื” (ื™ื‘ ื™ื˜) ืื—ื•ืชื™ ื”ื™ื, ื•ืœื ื’ื™ืœื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ, ืฉื”ื™ื” ื—ืก ืขืœื™ื•, ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื—ืก ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืขืœื™ื•:
30And Lot went up from Zoar, and he dwelt in the mountain, and his two daughters were with him, for he was afraid to dwell in Zoar; so he dwelt in a cave, he and his two daughters. ืœื•ַื™ַּ֩ืขַืœ֩ ืœ֨ื•ֹื˜ ืžִืฆּ֜ื•ֹืขַืจ ื•ַื™ֵּ֣ืฉֶׁื‘ ื‘ָּื”ָ֗ืจ ื•ּืฉְׁืชֵּ֤ื™ ื‘ְื ֹืชָื™ื•֙ ืขִืžּ֔ื•ֹ ื›ִּ֥ื™ ื™ָืจֵ֖ื ืœָืฉֶׁ֣ื‘ֶืช ื‘ְּืฆ֑ื•ֹืขַืจ ื•ַื™ֵּ֨ืฉֶׁื‘֙ ื‘ַּืžְּืขָืจָ֔ื” ื”֖ื•ּื ื•ּืฉְׁืชֵּ֥ื™ ื‘ְื ֹืชָֽื™ื•:
for he was afraid to dwell in Zoar: Because it was near Sodom. — [from Zohar, vol. 1, 109a]
ื›ื™ ื™ืจื ืœืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืขืจ: ืœืคื™ ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืงืจื•ื‘ื” ืœืกื“ื•ื:
31And the elder said to the younger, "Our father is old, and there is no man on earth to come upon us, as is the custom of all the earth. ืœืื•ַืชֹּ֧ืืžֶืจ ื”ַื‘ְּื›ִื™ืจָ֛ื” ืֶืœ־ื”ַืฆְּืขִื™ืจָ֖ื” ืָื‘ִ֣ื™ื ื•ּ ื–ָืงֵ֑ืŸ ื•ְืִ֨ื™ืฉׁ ืֵ֤ื™ืŸ ื‘ָּืָ֨ืจֶืฅ֙ ืœָื‘֣ื•ֹื ืขָืœֵ֔ื™ื ื•ּ ื›ְּื“ֶ֖ืจֶืšְ ื›ָּืœ־ื”ָืָֽืจֶืฅ:
Our father is old: And if not now, when? Perhaps he will die or will no longer be able to beget children.
ืื‘ื™ื ื• ื–ืงืŸ: ื•ืื ืœื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื™ืžืชื™, ืฉืžื ื™ืžื•ืช ืื• ื™ืคืกื•ืง ืžืœื”ื•ืœื™ื“:
and there is no man on earth: They thought that the entire world had been destroyed, as in the Generation of the Flood (Gen. Rabbah 51:8).
ื•ืื™ืฉ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืืจืฅ: ืกื‘ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื ื—ืจื‘ ื›ืžื• ื‘ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœ:
32Come, let us give our father wine to drink, and let us lie with him, and let us bring to life seed from our father." ืœื‘ืœְื›ָ֨ื” ื ַืฉְׁืงֶ֧ื” ืֶืช־ืָื‘ִ֛ื™ื ื•ּ ื™ַ֖ื™ִืŸ ื•ְื ִืฉְׁื›ְּื‘ָ֣ื” ืขִืžּ֑ื•ֹ ื•ּื ְื—ַื™ֶּ֥ื” ืžֵֽืָื‘ִ֖ื™ื ื•ּ ื–ָֽืจַืข:
33And they gave their father wine to drink on that night, and the elder came and lay with her father, and he did not know of her lying down or of her rising up. ืœื’ื•ַืชַּืฉְׁืงֶ֧ื™ืŸָ ืֶืช־ืֲื‘ִื™ื”ֶ֛ืŸ ื™ַ֖ื™ִืŸ ื‘ַּืœַּ֣ื™ְืœָื” ื”֑ื•ּื ื•ַืชָּื‘ֹ֤ื ื”ַื‘ְּื›ִื™ืจָื”֙ ื•ַืชִּืฉְׁื›ַּ֣ื‘ ืֶืช־ืָื‘ִ֔ื™ื”ָ ื•ְืœֹֽื־ื™ָื“ַ֥ืข ื‘ְּืฉִׁื›ְื‘ָ֖ื”ּ ื•ּื‘ְืงื•ּืžָֽื”ּ:
And they gave, etc., to drink: Wine was made available to them in the cave, to make it possible for two nations to emerge from them. — [from Sifrei Ekev 43]
ื•ืชืฉืงื™ืŸ ื•ื’ื•': ื™ื™ืŸ ื ื–ื“ืžืŸ ืœื”ืŸ ื‘ืžืขืจื” ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืžื”ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ืื•ืžื•ืช:
and lay with her father: But in the case of the younger, it says: “and she lay with him.” Since the younger one was not the initiator of the illicit relations, but rather her sister taught it to her, Scripture covers up for her and does not explicitly tell of her disgrace. But [concerning] the elder, who initiated the illicit relations, Scripture publicizes her explicitly (Tan. Buber, Balak 26).
ื•ืชืฉื›ื‘ ืืช ืื‘ื™ื”: ื•ื‘ืฆืขื™ืจื” ื›ืชื™ื‘ (ืคืกื•ืง ืœื”) ื•ืชืฉื›ื‘ ืขืžื•, ืฆืขื™ืจื” ืœืคื™ ืฉืœื ืคืชื—ื” ื‘ื–ื ื•ืช ืืœื ืื—ื•ืชื” ืœืžื“ืชื”, ื—ื™ืกืš ืขืœื™ื” ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื•ืœื ืคื™ืจืฉ ื’ื ื•ืชื”. ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื›ื™ืจื” ืฉืคืชื—ื” ื‘ื–ื ื•ืช ืคืจืกืžื” ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืžืคื•ืจืฉ:
or of her rising up: Heb. ื•ּื‘ְืงื•ּืžָื”ּ, mentioned in conjunction with the elder, is dotted (i.e., there is a dot over the second “vav”), to denote that when she arose, he did know, but nevertheless he was not careful not to drink on the second night (Nazir 23a). (Said Rabbi Levi: Whoever is inflamed by the lust for illicit relations, will ultimately be made to eat his own flesh (i.e., to commit incest). - [from Gen. Rabbah 51:9] [This does not appear in all editions of Rashi.]
ื•ื‘ืงื•ืžื”: ืฉืœ ื‘ื›ื™ืจื” ื ืงื•ื“, ืœื•ืžืจ ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื›ืื™ืœื• ืœื ื ื›ืชื‘, ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื‘ืงื•ืžื” ื™ื“ืข ื•ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื›ืŸ ืœื ื ืฉืžืจ ืœื™ืœ ืฉื ื™ ืžืœืฉืชื•ืช (ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืœื•ื™ ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื”ื•ื˜ ืื—ืจ ื‘ื•ืœืžื•ืก ืฉืœ ืขืจื™ื•ืช ืœืกื•ืฃ ืžืื›ื™ืœื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืžื‘ืฉืจื•): 
34And it came to pass on the morrow, that the elder said to the younger, "Behold, last night I lay with my father. Let us give him wine to drink tonight too, and come, lie with him, and let us bring to life seed from our father." ืœื“ื•ַֽื™ְื”ִื™֙ ืžִืžָּֽื—ֳืจָ֔ืช ื•ַืชֹּ֤ืืžֶืจ ื”ַื‘ְּื›ִื™ืจָื”֙ ืֶืœ־ื”ַืฆְּืขִื™ืจָ֔ื” ื”ֵֽืŸ־ืฉָׁื›ַ֥ื‘ְืชִּื™ ืֶ֖ืžֶืฉׁ ืֶืช־ืָื‘ִ֑ื™ ื ַืฉְׁืงֶ֨ื ּื•ּ ื™ַ֜ื™ִืŸ ื’ַּื־ื”ַืœַּ֗ื™ְืœָื” ื•ּื‘ֹ֨ืִื™֙ ืฉִׁื›ְื‘ִ֣ื™ ืขִืžּ֔ื•ֹ ื•ּื ְื—ַื™ֶּ֥ื” ืžֵֽืָื‘ִ֖ื™ื ื•ּ ื–ָֽืจַืข:
35So they gave their father to drink on that night also, and the younger arose and lay with him, and he did not know of her lying down or of her rising up. ืœื”ื•ַืชַּืฉְׁืงֶ֜ื™ืŸָ ื’ַּ֣ื ื‘ַּืœַּ֧ื™ְืœָื” ื”ַื”֛ื•ּื ืֶืช־ืֲื‘ִื™ื”ֶ֖ืŸ ื™ָ֑ื™ִืŸ ื•ַืชָּ֤ืงָื ื”ַืฆְּืขִื™ืจָื”֙ ื•ַืชִּืฉְׁื›ַּ֣ื‘ ืขִืžּ֔ื•ֹ ื•ְืœֹֽื־ื™ָื“ַ֥ืข ื‘ְּืฉִׁื›ְื‘ָ֖ื”ּ ื•ּื‘ְืงֻืžָֽื”ּ:
36And Lot's two daughters conceived from their father. ืœื•ื•ַืชַּֽื”ֲืจֶ֛ื™ืŸָ ืฉְׁืชֵּ֥ื™ ื‘ְื ֽื•ֹืช־ืœ֖ื•ֹื˜ ืžֵֽืֲื‘ִื™ื”ֶֽืŸ:
And…conceived: Although a woman does not conceive from the first intercourse, these controlled themselves and took out their maidenhoods and conceived from the first intercourse. — [from Gen. Rabbah 51:9]
ื•ืชื”ืจื™ืŸ ื•ื’ื•': ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ืืฉื” ืžืชืขื‘ืจืช ืžื‘ื™ืื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ืืœื• ืฉืœื˜ื• ื‘ืขืฆืžืŸ ื•ื”ื•ืฆื™ืื• ืขืจื•ืชืŸ ืœื—ื•ืฅ ื•ื ืชืขื‘ืจื• ืžื‘ื™ืื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื”:
37And the elder bore a son, and she named him Moab; he is the father of Moab until this day. ืœื–ื•ַืชֵּ֤ืœֶื“ ื”ַื‘ְּื›ִื™ืจָื”֙ ื‘ֵּ֔ืŸ ื•ַืชִּืงְืจָ֥ื ืฉְׁืž֖ื•ֹ ืžื•ֹืָ֑ื‘ ื”֥ื•ּื ืֲื‘ִֽื™־ืžื•ֹืָ֖ื‘ ืขַื“־ื”ַื™ּֽื•ֹื:
Moab: This one, who was immodest, publicized that he was from her father (ืžื•ֹืָื‘-ืžֵืָื‘), but the younger one named him euphemistically (ื‘ֶּืŸ ืขַืžִּื™, the son of my people) and was rewarded in the time of Moses, for it is stated concerning the children of Ammon (Deut. 2:19): “You shall not involve yourself in strife with them” at all, but concerning Moab, He warned them only not to wage war with them, but He permitted them [the Israelites] to cause them pain. — [from Nazir 23b]
ืžื•ืื‘: ื–ื• ืฉืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืฆื ื•ืขื” ืคื™ืจืฉื” ืฉืžืื‘ื™ื” ื”ื•ื, ืื‘ืœ ืฆืขื™ืจื” ืงืจืืชื• ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื ืงื™ื”, ื•ืงื‘ืœื” ืฉื›ืจ ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืžืฉื”, ืฉื ืืžืจ ื‘ื‘ื ื™ ืขืžื•ืŸ (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ ื™ื˜) ืืœ ืชืชื’ืจ ื‘ื ื›ืœืœ, ื•ื‘ืžื•ืื‘ ืœื ื”ื–ื”ื™ืจ ืืœื ืฉืœื ื™ืœื—ื ื‘ื, ืื‘ืœ ืœืฆืขืจืŸ ื”ืชื™ืจ ืœื•:
38And the younger, she too bore a son, and she named him Ben-ami; he is the father of the children of Ammon until this day. ืœื—ื•ְื”ַืฆְּืขִื™ืจָ֤ื” ื’ַื־ื”ִื•ื֙ ื™ָ֣ืœְื“ָื” ื‘ֵּ֔ืŸ ื•ַืชִּืงְืจָ֥ื ืฉְׁืž֖ื•ֹ ื‘ֶּืŸ־ืขַืžִּ֑ื™ ื”֛ื•ּื ืֲื‘ִ֥ื™ ื‘ְื ֵֽื™־ืขַืžּ֖ื•ֹืŸ ืขַื“־ื”ַื™ּֽื•ֹื:
Genesis Chapter 20
1And Abraham traveled from there to the land of the south, and he dwelt between Kadesh and between Shur, and he sojourned in Gerar. ืื•ַื™ִּืกַּ֨ืข ืžִืฉָּׁ֤ื ืַื‘ְืจָื”ָื֙ ืַ֣ืจְืฆָื” ื”ַื ֶּ֔ื’ֶื‘ ื•ַื™ֵּ֥ืฉֶׁื‘ ื‘ֵּื™ืŸ־ืงָื“ֵ֖ืฉׁ ื•ּื‘ֵ֣ื™ืŸ ืฉׁ֑ื•ּืจ ื•ַื™ָּ֖ื’ָืจ ื‘ִּื’ְืจָֽืจ:
Abraham traveled from there: When he saw that the cities had been destroyed and that travelers had ceased to pass by, he migrated from there. Another explanation: To distance himself from Lot, who had acquired a bad reputation, because he had been intimate with his daughters. — [from Gen. Rabbah 52:3, 4]
ื•ื™ืกืข ืžืฉื ืื‘ืจื”ื: ื›ืฉืจืื” ืฉื—ืจื‘ื• ื”ื›ืจื›ื™ื ื•ืคืกืงื• ื”ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื”ืฉื‘ื™ื ื ืกืข ืœื• ืžืฉื. ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ ืœื”ืชืจื—ืง ืžืœื•ื˜ ืฉื™ืฆื ืขืœื™ื• ืฉื ืจืข ืฉื‘ื ืขืœ ื‘ื ื•ืชื™ื•:
2And Abraham said about Sarah his wife, "She is my sister," and Abimelech the king of Gerar sent and took Sarah. ื‘ื•ַื™ֹּ֧ืืžֶืจ ืַื‘ְืจָื”ָ֛ื ืֶืœ־ืฉָׂืจָ֥ื” ืִืฉְׁืชּ֖ื•ֹ ืֲื—ֹ֣ืชִื™ ื”ִ֑ื•ื ื•ַื™ִּืฉְׁืœַ֗ื— ืֲื‘ִื™ืžֶ֨ืœֶืšְ֙ ืžֶ֣ืœֶืšְ ื’ְּืจָ֔ืจ ื•ַื™ִּืงַּ֖ื— ืֶืช־ืฉָׂืจָֽื”:
And Abraham said: Here he did not ask her permission, but [said that she was his sister] forcibly, against her will, because she had already been taken to Pharaoh’s house on account of this. — - [from Gen. Rabbah ad loc.]
ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืื‘ืจื”ื: ื›ืืŸ ืœื ื ื˜ืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ืืœื ืขืœ ื›ืจื—ื” ืฉืœื ื‘ื˜ื•ื‘ืชื” ืœืคื™ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืœื•ืงื—ื” ืœื‘ื™ืช ืคืจืขื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืŸ:
about Sarah his wife: [ืֶืœ means] “about” Sarah his wife, and similarly (I Sam. 4:21):“concerning (ืֶืœ) the taking of the Ark, and concerning (ืֶืœ) [the death of] her father-in-law.” Both expressions (of ืֶืœ) have the meaning of ืขַืœ : “ concerning.” - [from Targum Onkelos, Targum Jonathan; Ibn Ezra]
ืืœ ืฉืจื” ืืฉืชื•: ืขืœ ืฉืจื” ืืฉืชื•. ื•ื›ื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ื• (ืฉ"ื ื“ ื™ื˜) ืืœ ื”ืœืงื— ืืจื•ืŸ ื•ื’ื•' ื•ืืœ ืžื•ืช ื—ืžื™ื”, ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืขืœ:
3And God came to Abimelech in a dream of the night, and He said to him, "Behold you are going to die because of the woman whom you have taken, for she is a married woman." ื’ื•ַื™ָּื‘ֹ֧ื ืֱืœֹื”ִ֛ื™ื ืֶืœ־ืֲื‘ִื™ืžֶ֖ืœֶืšְ ื‘ַּֽื—ֲืœ֣ื•ֹื ื”ַืœָּ֑ื™ְืœָื” ื•ַื™ֹּ֣ืืžֶืจ ืœ֗ื•ֹ ื”ִื ְּืšָ֥ ืžֵืช֙ ืขַืœ־ื”ָֽืִืฉָּׁ֣ื” ืֲืฉֶׁืจ־ืœָืงַ֔ื—ְืชָּ ื•ְื”ִ֖ื•ื ื‘ְּืขֻ֥ืœַืช ื‘ָּֽืขַืœ:
4And Abimelech had not come near to her, and he said, "O Lord, will You kill even a righteous nation? ื“ื•ַֽืֲื‘ִื™ืžֶ֕ืœֶืšְ ืœֹ֥ื ืงָืจַ֖ื‘ ืֵืœֶ֑ื™ื”ָ ื•ַื™ֹּืืžַ֕ืจ ืֲื“ֹื ָ֕ื™ ื”ֲื’֥ื•ֹื™ ื’ַּื־ืฆַื“ִּ֖ื™ืง ืชַּֽื”ֲืจֹֽื’:
And Abimelech had not come near to her: The angel stopped him, as it is said: “ I did not let you touch her.” - [from Pirkei d’Rabbi Eliezer , ch. 26]
ืœื ืงืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”: ื”ืžืœืืš ืžื ืขื•, ื›ืžื• ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืคืกื•ืง ื•) ืœื ื ืชืชื™ืš ืœื ื’ื•ืข ืืœื™ื”:
will You kill even a righteous nation: Even if he is righteous, will You kill him? Is that Your way, to destroy the nations for nought? You did so to the Generation of the Flood and to the Generation of the Dispersion. I too will say that You destroyed them for no reason, just as You threaten (lit. say) to kill me. — [from Gen. Rabbah 52:6]
ื”ื’ื•ื™ ื’ื ืฆื“ื™ืง ืชื”ืจื’: ืืฃ ืื ื”ื•ื ืฆื“ื™ืง ืชื”ืจื’ื ื•. ืฉืžื ื›ืš ื“ืจื›ืš ืœืื‘ื“ ื”ืื•ืžื•ืช ื—ื ื, ื›ืš ืขืฉื™ืช ืœื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœ ื•ืœื“ื•ืจ ื”ืคืœื’ื”, ืืฃ ืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ืจื’ืชื ืขืœ ืœื ื“ื‘ืจ, ื›ืฉื ืฉืืชื” ืื•ืžืจ ืœื”ืจื’ื ื™:
5Did he not say to me, 'She is my sister'? And she, even she said, 'He is my brother.' With the innocence of my heart and with the purity of my hands have I done this." ื”ื”ֲืœֹ֨ื ื”֤ื•ּื ืָֽืžַืจ־ืœִื™֙ ืֲื—ֹ֣ืชִื™ ื”ִ֔ื•ื ื•ְื”ִֽื™ื־ื’ַื־ื”ִ֥ื•ื ืָֽืžְืจָ֖ื” ืָื—ִ֣ื™ ื”֑ื•ּื ื‘ְּืชָื־ืœְื‘ָื‘ִ֛ื™ ื•ּื‘ְื ִืงְื™ֹ֥ืŸ ื›ַּืคַּ֖ื™ ืขָืฉִׂ֥ื™ืชִื™ ื–ֹֽืืช:
even she: This is to include her servants, camel drivers, and donkey drivers.“ I asked them all, and they said: He is her brother.” -- [from Gen. Rabbah 52:6]
ื’ื ื”ื•ื: ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ืขื‘ื“ื™ื ื•ื’ืžืœื™ื ื•ื—ืžืจื™ื ืฉืœื”, ืืช ื›ืœื ืฉืืœืชื™ ื•ืืžืจื• ืœื™ ืื—ื™ื” ื”ื•ื:
With the innocence of my heart: I did not intend to sin. —
ื‘ืชื ืœื‘ื‘ื™: ืฉืœื ื“ืžื™ืชื™ ืœื—ื˜ื•ื:
and with the purity of my hands: I am pure of sin, for I did not touch her. —
ื•ื‘ื ืงื™ื•ืŸ ื›ืคื™: ื ืงื™ ืื ื™ ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื˜ื ืฉืœื ื ื’ืขืชื™ ื‘ื”:
6And God said to him in a dream, "I too know that you did this with the innocence of your heart, and I too have withheld you from sinning to Me; therefore, I did not let you touch her. ื•ื•ַื™ֹּ֩ืืžֶืจ֩ ืֵืœָ֨ื™ื• ื”ָֽืֱืœֹื”ִ֜ื™ื ื‘ַּֽื—ֲืœֹ֗ื ื’ַּ֣ื ืָֽื ֹื›ִ֤ื™ ื™ָื“ַ֨ืขְืชִּื™֙ ื›ִּ֤ื™ ื‘ְืชָื־ืœְื‘ָֽื‘ְืšָ֙ ืขָืฉִׂ֣ื™ืชָ ื–ֹּ֔ืืช ื•ָֽืֶื—ְืฉׂ֧ืšְ ื’ַּื־ืָֽื ֹื›ִ֛ื™ ืֽื•ֹืชְืšָ֖ ืžֵֽื—ֲื˜ื•ֹ־ืœִ֑ื™ ืขַืœ־ื›ֵּ֥ืŸ ืœֹֽื־ื ְืชַืชִּ֖ื™ืšָ ืœִื ְื’ֹּ֥ืขַ ืֵืœֶֽื™ื”ָ:
I know that, etc., with the innocence of your heart: It is true that you did not intend at first to sin, but you cannot claim purity of hands [because…]- [from Gen. Rabbah 52:6; Tan. Buber, Vayera 25]
ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ื›ื™ ื‘ืชื ืœื‘ื‘ืš ื•ื’ื•': ืืžืช ืฉืœื ื“ืžื™ืช ืžืชื—ืœื” ืœื—ื˜ื•ื ืื‘ืœ ื ืงื™ื•ืŸ ื›ืคื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ:
I did not let you: It was not due to you that you did not touch her, but I prevented you from sinning, for I did not give you strength, and so (below 31:7):“and God did not let him (ื•ְืœֹื ื ְืชָื ื•ֹ)” ; and so (Jud. 15:1):“but her father did not allow him (ื•ְืœֹื ื ְืชָื ื•ֹ) to come.” - [from Gen. Rabbah 52:7]
ืœื ื ืชืชื™ืš: ืœื ืžืžืš ื”ื™ื” ืฉืœื ื ื’ืขืช ื‘ื” ืืœื ื—ืฉื›ืชื™ ืื ื™ ืื•ืชืš ืžื—ื˜ื•ื, ื•ืœื ื ืชืชื™ ืœืš ื›ื—, ื•ื›ืŸ (ืœืงืžืŸ ืœื ื–) ื•ืœื ื ืชื ื• ื-ืœื”ื™ื, ื•ื›ืŸ (ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ื˜ื• ื) ื•ืœื ื ืชื ื• ืื‘ื™ื” ืœื‘ื•ื:
7And now, return the man's wife, because he is a prophet, and he will pray for you and [you will] live; but if you do not return [her], know that you will surely die, you and all that is yours." ื–ื•ְืขַืชָּ֗ื” ื”ָืฉֵׁ֤ื‘ ืֵֽืฉֶׁืช־ื”ָืִื™ืฉׁ֙ ื›ִּֽื™־ื ָื‘ִ֣ื™ื ื”֔ื•ּื ื•ְื™ִืชְืคַּืœֵּ֥ืœ ื‘ַּֽืขַื“ְืšָ֖ ื•ֶֽื—ְื™ֵ֑ื” ื•ְืִื־ืֵֽื™ื ְืšָ֣ ืžֵืฉִׁ֔ื™ื‘ ื“ַּ֚ืข ื›ִּื™־ืž֣ื•ֹืช ืชָּืž֔ื•ּืช ืַืชָּ֖ื” ื•ְื›ָืœ־ืֲืฉֶׁืจ־ืœָֽืšְ:
return the man’s wife: And do not think that perhaps she will be repugnant to him, and he will not accept her, or that he will hate you and not pray for you. (Abimelech said to Him,“ Who will let him know that I did not touch her?” He replied,)
ื”ืฉื‘ ืืฉืช ื”ืื™ืฉ: ื•ืืœ ืชื”ื ืกื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืžื ืชืชื’ื ื” ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื• ื•ืœื ื™ืงื‘ืœื ื” ืื• ื™ืฉื ืืš ื•ืœื ื™ืชืคืœืœ ืขืœื™ืš:
because he is a prophet: And he knows that you did not touch her; therefore,“ he will pray for you.” - [from Tan. Buber, Vayera 25]
ื›ื™ ื ื‘ื™ื ื”ื•ื: ื•ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉืœื ื ื’ืขืช ื‘ื”, ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื•ื™ืชืคืœืœ ื‘ืขื“ืš:
8And Abimelech arose early in the morning, and he summoned all his servants, and he spoke all these words in their ears; and the men were very frightened. ื—ื•ַื™ַּืฉְׁื›ֵּ֨ื ืֲื‘ִื™ืžֶ֜ืœֶืšְ ื‘ַּื‘ֹּ֗ืงֶืจ ื•ַื™ִּืงְืจָื֙ ืœְื›ָืœ־ืขֲื‘ָื“ָ֔ื™ื• ื•ַื™ְื“ַื‘ֵּ֛ืจ ืֶืช־ื›ָּืœ־ื”ַื“ְּื‘ָืจִ֥ื™ื ื”ָืֵ֖ืœֶּื” ื‘ְּืָื–ְื ֵื™ื”ֶ֑ื ื•ַื™ִּֽื™ืจְื֥ื•ּ ื”ָֽืֲื ָืฉִׁ֖ื™ื ืžְืֹֽื“:
9And Abimelech summoned Abraham and said to him, "What have you done to us, and what have I sinned against you, that you have brought upon me and upon my kingdom a great sin? Deeds that are not done, you have done to me." ื˜ื•ַื™ִּืงְืจָ֨ื ืֲื‘ִื™ืžֶ֜ืœֶืšְ ืœְืַื‘ְืจָื”ָ֗ื ื•ַื™ֹּ֨ืืžֶืจ ืœ֜ื•ֹ ืžֶื”־ืขָืฉִׂ֤ื™ืชָ ืœָּ֨ื ื•ּ֙ ื•ּืžֶื”־ื—ָื˜ָ֣ืืชִื™ ืœָ֔ืšְ ื›ִּֽื™־ื”ֵื‘ֵ֧ืืชָ ืขָืœַ֛ื™ ื•ְืขַืœ־ืžַืžְืœַื›ְืชִּ֖ื™ ื—ֲื˜ָืָ֣ื” ื’ְื“ֹืœָ֑ื” ืžַֽืขֲืฉִׂื™ื֙ ืֲืฉֶׁ֣ืจ ืœֹื־ื™ֵֽืขָืฉׂ֔ื•ּ ืขָืฉִׂ֖ื™ืชָ ืขִืžָּื“ִֽื™:
Deeds that are not done: A plague that was not accustomed to come upon any creature has come upon us because of you: the closing up of all bodily orifices: those of semen, of urine, of excrement, and of the ears and nose. — [based on B.K. 93a; Tan. Buber, Vayera 36]
ืžืขืฉื™ื ืืฉืจ ืœื ื™ืขืฉื•: ืžื›ื” ืืฉืจ ืœื ื”ื•ืจื’ืœื” ืœื‘ื ืขืœ ื‘ืจื™ื” ื‘ืื” ืœื ื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ืš, ืขืฆื™ืจืช ื›ืœ ื ืงื‘ื™ื, ืฉืœ ื–ืจืข ื•ืฉืœ ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื•ืจืขื™ ื•ืื–ื ื™ื ื•ื—ื•ื˜ื:
10And Abimelech said to Abraham, "What did you see, that you did this thing?" ื™ื•ַื™ֹּ֥ืืžֶืจ ืֲื‘ִื™ืžֶ֖ืœֶืšְ ืֶืœ־ืַื‘ְืจָื”ָ֑ื ืžָ֣ื” ืจָืִ֔ื™ืชָ ื›ִּ֥ื™ ืขָืฉִׂ֖ื™ืชָ ืֶืช־ื”ַื“ָּื‘ָ֥ืจ ื”ַื–ֶּֽื”:
11And Abraham said, "For I said, 'Surely, there is no fear of God in this place, and they will kill me because of my wife. ื™ืื•ַื™ֹּ֨ืืžֶืจ֙ ืַื‘ְืจָื”ָ֔ื ื›ִּ֣ื™ ืָืžַ֗ืจְืชִּื™ ืจַ֚ืง ืֵֽื™ืŸ־ื™ִืจְืַ֣ืช ืֱืœֹื”ִ֔ื™ื ื‘ַּืžָּืง֖ื•ֹื ื”ַื–ֶּ֑ื” ื•ַֽื”ֲืจָื’֖ื•ּื ִื™ ืขַืœ־ื“ְּื‘ַ֥ืจ ืִืฉְׁืชִּֽื™:
Surely, there is no fear of God: A guest who comes to a city-do we ask him about eating and drinking, or do we ask him about his wife-“ Is she your wife or is she your sister?” - [from B.K. 93a, Pirkei d’Rabbi Eliezer ch. 26]
ืจืง ืื™ืŸ ื™ืจืืช ื-ืœื”ื™ื: ืื›ืกื ืื™ ืฉื‘ื ืœืขื™ืจ, ืขืœ ืขืกืงื™ ืื›ื™ืœื” ื•ืฉืชื™ื” ืฉื•ืืœื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ืื• ืขืœ ืขืกืงื™ ืืฉืชื• ืฉื•ืืœื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ืืฉืชืš ื”ื™ื ืื• ืื—ื•ืชืš ื”ื™ื:
12And also, indeed, she is my sister, the daughter of my father, but not the daughter of my mother, and she became my wife. ื™ื‘ื•ְื’ַื־ืָืžְื ָ֗ื” ืֲื—ֹืชִ֤ื™ ื‘ַืช־ืָื‘ִื™֙ ื”ִ֔ื•ื ืַ֖ืšְ ืœֹ֣ื ื‘ַืช־ืִืžִּ֑ื™ ื•ַืชְּื”ִื™־ืœִ֖ื™ ืœְืִืฉָּֽׁื”:
my sister, the daughter of my father: And the daughter of one’s father is permitted to a Noahide [for marriage], for a gentile has no father (i.e., his lineage is not traced from his father). And in order to justify his words, he answered him in this way. Now if you ask: Was she not the daughter of his brother? [The answer is that] grandchildren are considered like children (Tosefta, Yev. 8:8; Talmud Bavli, Yev. 62b); therefore, she was (considered as) Terah’s daughter. And so did he say to Lot, “For we are kinsmen” (ืֲื ָืฉִׁื™ื ืַื—ִื™ื) [lit. men, brothers] (although, in fact, Lot was his brother Haran’s son). - [from Pirkei d’Rabbi Eliezer, ch. 36]
ืื—ื•ืชื™ ื‘ืช ืื‘ื™ ื”ื™ื: ื•ื‘ืช ืื‘ ืžื•ืชืจืช ืœื‘ืŸ ื ื—, ืฉืื™ืŸ ืื‘ื•ืช ืœื’ื•ื™. ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืžืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื”ืฉื™ื‘ื ื›ืŸ. ื•ืื ืชืืžืจ ื•ื”ืœื ื‘ืช ืื—ื™ื• ื”ื™ืชื”, ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ื ื™ื ื”ืจื™ ื”ืŸ ื›ื‘ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืจื™ ื”ื™ื ื‘ืชื• ืฉืœ ืชืจื—, ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ืœืœื•ื˜ (ื™ื’ ื—) ื›ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ืื—ื™ื ืื ื—ื ื•:
but not the daughter of my mother: Haran was [born] of a different mother [than Abraham]. —
ืืš ืœื ื‘ืช ืืžื™: ื”ืจืŸ ืžืื ืื—ืจืช ื”ื™ื”:
13And it came to pass, when God caused me to wander from my father's house, that I said to her: This is your kindness, which you shall do with me: whither we come, say about me, 'He is my brother.'" ื™ื’ื•ַื™ְื”ִ֞ื™ ื›ַּֽืֲืฉֶׁ֧ืจ ื”ִืชְืข֣ื•ּ ืֹืชִ֗ื™ ืֱืœֹื”ִื™ื֘ ืžִื‘ֵּ֣ื™ืช ืָื‘ִื™֒ ื•ָֽืֹืžַ֣ืจ ืœָ֔ื”ּ ื–ֶ֣ื” ื—ַืกְื“ֵּ֔ืšְ ืֲืฉֶׁ֥ืจ ืชַּֽืขֲืฉִׂ֖ื™ ืขִืžָּื“ִ֑ื™ ืֶ֤ืœ ื›ָּืœ־ื”ַืžָּืงื•ֹื֙ ืֲืฉֶׁ֣ืจ ื ָื‘֣ื•ֹื ืฉָׁ֔ืžָּื” ืִืžְืจִื™־ืœִ֖ื™ ืָื—ִ֥ื™ ื”ֽื•ּื:
And it came to pass, when [God] caused me to wander, etc.: Onkelos rendered as he rendered: [And it came to pass, when the peoples went astray after the work of their hands, that God brought me near to His fear from my father’s house.] However, it can also be interpreted in a more appropriate manner, according to its structure [as follows]: When the Holy One, blessed be He, took me out of my father’s house to be a wanderer, roaming from place to place, I knew that I would pass through places where there are wicked people, and [therefore] “I said to her: This is your kindness, etc.”
ื•ื™ื”ื™ ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืชืขื• ืื•ืชื™ ื•ื’ื•': ืื•ื ืงืœื•ืก ืชืจื’ื ืžื” ืฉืชืจื’ื. ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื™ืฉื‘ื• ืขื•ื“, ื“ื‘ืจ ื“ื‘ื•ืจ ืขืœ ืื•ืคื ื™ื•, ื›ืฉื”ื•ืฆื™ืื ื™ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืžื‘ื™ืช ืื‘ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉื•ื˜ื˜ ื•ื ื“ ืžืžืงื•ื ืœืžืงื•ื, ื•ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ืฉืืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืจืฉืขื™ื ื•ืื•ืžืจ ืœื” ื–ื” ื—ืกื“ืš ืืฉืจ ืชืขืฉื™ ืขืžื“ื™:
When God caused me to wander: [The verb ื”ִืชְืขื•ּ is] in the plural. But do not wonder at this, because in many places, words denoting Godliness and words denoting authority are expressed in the plural, (e.g.,) (II Sam. 7:23): “whom God went (ื”ָืœְื›ื•ּ) (to redeem)”; (Deut. 5:23): “the living (ื—ַื™ִּื™ื) God”; (Josh. 24:19): “a holy (ืงְื“ֹืฉִื™ื) God.” And all references to Godliness or to authority are in the plural, as for example (below 39:20): “And Joseph’s master (ืֲื“ื•ֹื ֵื™) took”; (Deut. 10:17): “the Lord of (ืֲื“ื•ֹื ֵื™) lords”; (below 42:33): “the lord of (ืֲื“ื•ֹื ֵื™) the land,” and so (Exod. 22:14): “if its master (ื‘ְּืขָืœָื™ื•) is with it”; (ibid 21:29): “and if its master was warned (ื‘ִּื‘ְืขָืœָื™ื•).” Now if you ask, why is the expression ื”ִืชְืขื•ּ used here? [The answer is that] anyone who is exiled from his place and is not settled is ืชּื•ֹืขֶื”, as in (below 21:14): “and she walked and she wandered” (ื•ַืชֵּืชַืข); (Ps. 119:176): “I wandered (ืชָּืขִื™ืชִื™) like a lost sheep”; (Job 38:41): “they wander (ื™ִืชְืขื•ּ) for lack of food,” meaning that they go forth and wander to seek their food.
ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืชืขื•: ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ื, ื•ืืœ ืชืชืžื”, ื›ื™ ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืืœื”ื•ืช ื•ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืžืจื•ืช ืงืจื•ื™ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ื. (ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘' ื– ื›ื’) ืืฉืจ ื”ืœื›ื• ื-ืœื”ื™ื, (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื” ื›ื’) ื-ืœื”ื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื, (ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื›ื“ ื™ื˜) ื-ืœื”ื™ื ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื ื”ื•ื, ื•ื›ืœ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื-ืœื”ื™ื ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ื. ื•ื›ืŸ (ืœื˜ ื›) ื•ื™ืงื— ืื“ื•ื ื™ ื™ื•ืกืฃ, (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ ื™ื–) ืื“ื•ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื•ื ื™ื, (ืœื”ืœืŸ ืžื‘ ืœื’) ืื“ื•ื ื™ ื”ืืจืฅ, ื•ื›ืŸ (ืฉืžื•ืช ื›ื‘ ื™ื“) ื‘ืขืœื™ื• ืขืžื•, (ืฉื ื›ื ื›ื˜) ื•ื”ื•ืขื“ ื‘ื‘ืขืœื™ื•. ื•ืื ืชืืžืจ ืžื”ื• ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืชืขื•, ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื•ืœื” ืžืžืงื•ืžื• ื•ืื™ื ื• ืžื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืงืจื•ื™ ืชื•ืขื”, ื›ืžื• (ืœืงืžืŸ ื›ื ื™ื“) ื•ืชืœืš ื•ืชืชืข, (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืงื™ื˜ ืงืขื•) ืชืขื™ืชื™ ื›ืฉื” ืื•ื‘ื“, (ืื™ื•ื‘ ืœื— ืžื) ื™ืชืขื• ืœื‘ืœื™ ืื•ื›ืœ, ื™ืฆืื• ื•ื™ืชืขื• ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืื›ืœื:
say about me: [The meaning of ืœִื™ is] “about me.” Similarly (below 26:7): “And the people of the place asked ืœְืִืฉְׁืชּื•ֹ,” meaning “about his wife.” Similarly (Exod. 14:3): “And Pharaoh will say ืœִื‘ְื ֵื™ ื™ִืฉְׂืจָืֵืœ,” meaning “about the Children of Israel”; (Jud. 9:54): “Lest they say of me (ืœִื™): a woman killed him.”
ืืžืจื™ ืœื™: ืขืœื™, ื•ื›ืŸ (ืœืงืžืŸ ื›ื• ื–) ื•ื™ืฉืืœื• ืื ืฉื™ ื”ืžืงื•ื ืœืืฉืชื•, ืขืœ ืืฉืชื•. ื•ื›ืŸ (ืฉืžื•ืช ื™ื“ ื’) ื•ืืžืจ ืคืจืขื” ืœื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื›ืžื• ืขืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, (ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ื˜ ื ื“) ืคืŸ ื™ืืžืจื• ืœื™ ืืฉื” ื”ืจื’ืชื”ื•:
14And Abimelech took flocks and cattle and menservants and maidservants, and he gave [them] to Abraham, and he restored to him his wife Sarah. ื™ื“ื•ַื™ִּืงַּ֨ื— ืֲื‘ִื™ืžֶ֜ืœֶืšְ ืฆֹ֣ืืŸ ื•ּื‘ָืงָ֗ืจ ื•ַֽืขֲื‘ָื“ִื™ื֙ ื•ּืฉְׁืคָื—ֹ֔ืช ื•ַื™ִּืชֵּ֖ืŸ ืœְืַื‘ְืจָื”ָ֑ื ื•ַื™ָּ֣ืฉֶׁื‘ ืœ֔ื•ֹ ืֵ֖ืช ืฉָׂืจָ֥ื” ืִืฉְׁืชּֽื•ֹ:
and he gave [them] to Abraham: in order to appease him so that he would pray for him.
ื•ื™ืชืŸ ืœืื‘ืจื”ื: ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืชืคื™ื™ืก ื•ื™ืชืคืœืœ ืขืœื™ื•:
15And Abimelech said, "Here is my land before you; wherever it pleases you, you may dwell." ื˜ื•ื•ַื™ֹּ֣ืืžֶืจ ืֲื‘ִื™ืžֶ֔ืœֶืšְ ื”ִื ֵּ֥ื” ืַืจְืฆִ֖ื™ ืœְืคָื ֶ֑ื™ืšָ ื‘ַּื˜ּ֥ื•ֹื‘ ื‘ְּืขֵื™ื ֶ֖ื™ืšָ ืฉֵֽׁื‘:
Here is my land before you: But Pharaoh said to him (above 12:19): “And now, here is your wife; take [her] and go,” because he was afraid, because the Egyptians were immersed in lewdness.
ื”ื ื” ืืจืฆื™ ืœืคื ื™ืš: ืื‘ืœ ืคืจืขื” ืืžืจ ืœื• (ืœืขื™ืœ ื™ื‘ ื™ื˜) ื”ื ื” ืืฉืชืš ืงื— ื•ืœืš, ืœืคื™ ืฉื ืชื™ื™ืจื ืฉื”ืžืฆืจื™ื™ื ืฉื˜ื•ืคื™ ื–ืžื”:
16And to Sarah he said, "Behold I have given a thousand pieces of silver to your brother; behold it is to you a covering of the eyes for all who are with you, and with all you shall contend." ื˜ื–ื•ּืœְืฉָׂืจָ֣ื” ืָืžַ֗ืจ ื”ִื ֵּ֨ื” ื ָืชַ֜ืชִּื™ ืֶ֤ืœֶืฃ ื›ֶּ֨ืกֶืฃ֙ ืœְืָื—ִ֔ื™ืšְ ื”ִื ֵּ֤ื” ื”ื•ּื־ืœָืšְ֙ ื›ְּืก֣ื•ּืช ืขֵื™ื ַ֔ื™ִื ืœְื›ֹ֖ืœ ืֲืฉֶׁ֣ืจ ืִืชָּ֑ืšְ ื•ְืֵ֥ืช ื›ֹּ֖ืœ ื•ְื ֹื›ָֽื—ַืช:
And to Sarah he said: Abimelech [said] in her honor in order to appease her, “Behold I have bestowed upon you this honor; I have given money to your brother, about whom you said, He is my brother. Behold this money and this honor are to you a covering of the eyes.”
ื•ืœืฉืจื” ืืžืจ: ืื‘ื™ืžืœืš, ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคื™ื™ืกื” ื”ื ื” ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืœืš ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื–ื”, ื ืชืชื™ ืžืžื•ืŸ ืœืื—ื™ืš ืฉืืžืจืช ืขืœื™ื• ืื—ื™ ื”ื•ื, ื”ื ื” ื”ืžืžื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื–ื” ืœืš ื›ืกื•ืช ืขื™ื ื™ื:
for all who are with you: They will cover their eyes, so that they will not denigrate you, for had I returned you empty-handed, they could say,“After he violated her, he returned her.” Now that I had to spend much money and to appease you, they will know that against my will I returned you, and through a miracle. —
ืœื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ืืชืš: ื™ื›ืกื• ืขื™ื ื™ื”ื ืฉืœื ื™ืงื™ืœื•ืš, ืฉืืœื• ื”ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืชื™ืš ืจื™ืงื ื™ืช ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืœื•ืžืจ ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื ืชืขืœืœ ื‘ื” ื”ื—ื–ื™ืจื”, ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืฉื”ื•ืฆืจื›ืชื™ ืœื‘ื–ื‘ื– ืžืžื•ืŸ ื•ืœืคื™ื™ืกืš, ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืฉืขืœ ื›ืจื—ื™ ื”ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืชื™ืš ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื ืก:
and with all: And with all the people in the world. —
ื•ืืช ื›ืœ: ื•ืขื ื›ืœ ื‘ืื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื:
you shall contend: You shall have the opportunity to contend and to show these evident facts. Wherever the word ื”ื•ֹื›ָื—ָื” appears, it refers to the clarification of matters, and in Old French, esprover, to prove, clarify. (That is aprover below 31:37, to clarify, decide, define.) Onkelos translated it in a different manner, and the language of the verse fits in with the Targum in the following manner: “Behold it will be for you a covering of honor on account of my eyes, which gazed upon you and upon all who are with you.” Therefore, he translated it:“And I saw you and all who are with you.” There is a Midrashic interpretation, but I have explained what fits the language of the verse.
ื•ื ื›ื—ืช: ื™ื”ื ืœืš ืคืชื—ื•ืŸ ืคื” ืœื”ืชื•ื›ื— ื•ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื ื›ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื•. ื•ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืชื•ื›ื—ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ื•ื‘ืœืข"ื– ืื™ืฉืคืจื•ื‘ื™"ืจ [ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ] ื•ืื•ื ืงืœื•ืก ืชืจื’ื ื‘ืคื ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื, ื•ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืžืงืจื ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ื ื•ืคืœ ืขืœ ื”ืชืจื’ื•ื ื”ื ื” ื”ื•ื ืœืš ื›ืกื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœื™ ืฉืฉืœื˜ื• ื‘ืš ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ืืชืš, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืชืจื’ื•ืžื• ื•ื—ื–ื™ืช ื™ืชืš ื•ื™ืช ื›ืœ ื“ืขืžืš. ื•ื™ืฉ ืžื“ืจืฉ ืื’ื“ื” ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืžืงืจื ืคื™ืจืฉืชื™:
17And Abraham prayed to God, and God healed Abimelech and his wife and his handmaids, and they gave birth. ื™ื–ื•ַื™ִּืชְืคַּืœֵּ֥ืœ ืַื‘ְืจָื”ָ֖ื ืֶืœ־ื”ָֽืֱืœֹื”ִ֑ื™ื ื•ַื™ִּืจְืคָּ֨ื ืֱืœֹื”ִ֜ื™ื ืֶืช־ืֲื‘ִื™ืžֶ֧ืœֶืšְ ื•ְืֶืช־ืִืฉְׁืชּ֛ื•ֹ ื•ְืַืžְื”ֹืชָ֖ื™ื• ื•ַื™ֵּืœֵֽื“ื•ּ:
and they gave birth: As the Targum renders: and they were relieved. Their orifices were opened, and they expelled that which needed to be expelled, and that is their birth.
ื•ื™ืœื“ื•: ื›ืชืจื’ื•ืžื• ื•ืืชืจื•ื—ื•, ื ืคืชื—ื• ื ืงื‘ื™ื”ื ื•ื”ื•ืฆื™ืื• ืžื” ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฆืืช ื•ื”ื™ื ืœื™ื“ื” ืฉืœื”ื:
18For the Lord had shut every womb of Abimelech's household, because of Sarah, Abraham's wife. ื™ื—ื›ִּֽื™־ืขָืฆֹ֤ืจ ืขָืฆַืจ֙ ื™ְื”ֹื•ָ֔ื” ื‘ְּืขַ֥ื“ ื›ָּืœ־ืจֶ֖ื—ֶื ืœְื‘ֵ֣ื™ืช ืֲื‘ִื™ืžֶ֑ืœֶืšְ ืขַืœ־ื“ְּื‘ַ֥ืจ ืฉָׂืจָ֖ื” ืֵ֥ืฉֶׁืช ืַื‘ְืจָื”ָֽื:
every womb: Every [bodily] opening.
ื‘ืขื“ ื›ืœ ืจื—ื: ื›ื ื’ื“ ื›ืœ ืคืชื—:
because of Sarah: Heb. ืขַืœ ื“ְּื‘ַืจ, lit., by the word of Sarah. Through the words of Sarah. — [from Gen. Rabbah 52:13]
ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืจื”: ืขืœ ืคื™ ื“ื‘ื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืฉืจื”:
Genesis Chapter 21
1And the Lord remembered Sarah as He had said, and the Lord did to Sarah as He had spoken. ืื•ַֽื™ื”ֹื•ָ֛ื” ืคָּืงַ֥ื“ ืֶืช־ืฉָׂืจָ֖ื” ื›ַּֽืֲืฉֶׁ֣ืจ ืָืžָ֑ืจ ื•ַื™ַּ֧ืขַืฉׂ ื™ְื”ֹื•ָ֛ื” ืœְืฉָׂืจָ֖ื” ื›ַּֽืֲืฉֶׁ֥ืจ ื“ִּื‘ֵּֽืจ:
And the Lord remembered Sarah, etc.: (B.K 92a) This section was placed next to [the preceding section] to teach you that whoever begs for mercy for his friend, when he needs the same thing, he is answered first, for it is said (verse 17) “And Abraham prayed, etc.,” and immediately following it, “And the Lord remembered Sarah,” i.e., He had already remembered her before He healed Abimelech. —
ื•ื”' ืคืงื“ ืืช ืฉืจื” ื•ื’ื•': ืกืžืš ืคืจืฉื” ื–ื• ืœื›ืืŸ ืœืœืžื“ืš ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืจื—ืžื™ื ืขืœ ื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ื•ื”ื•ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืื•ืชื• ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื ื ืขื ื” ืชื—ื™ืœื”, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืœืขื™ืœ ื› ื™ื–) ื•ื™ืชืคืœืœ ื•ื’ื•' ื•ืกืžื™ืš ืœื™ื” ื•ื”' ืคืงื“ ืืช ืฉืจื” ืฉืคืงื“ ื›ื‘ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ืฉืจืคื ืืช ืื‘ื™ืžืœืš:
remembered Sarah as He had said: Concerning [the promise of] conception. —
ืคืงื“ ืืช ืฉืจื” ื›ืืฉืจ ืืžืจ: ื‘ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ:
as He had spoken: Concerning [the promise of] birth. Now where is [the expression] “saying” and where is [the expression] “speaking” ? “Saying” (ืִืžִื™ืจื”) is mentioned (above 17:19):“And God said (ื•ַื™ֹืืžֶืจ) : Indeed, your wife Sarah, etc…”“Speaking” (ื“ִื‘ื•ּืจ) [is mentioned] (above 15:1):“The word of (ื“ְื‘ַืจ) the Lord came to Abram,” in the Covenant Between the Parts, where it is stated (ibid. 4):“This one [Eliezer] will not inherit you, etc.” and He brought forth the heir from Sarah.
ื›ืืฉืจ ื“ื‘ืจ: ื‘ืœื™ื“ื”. ื•ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืืžื™ืจื” ื•ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื“ื‘ื•ืจ, ืืžื™ืจื” (ืœืขื™ืœ ื™ื– ื™ื˜) ื•ื™ืืžืจ ื-ืœื”ื™ื ืื‘ืœ ืฉืจื” ืืฉืชืš ื•ื’ื•', ื“ื‘ื•ืจ (ืฉื ื˜ื• ื) ื”ื™ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ื”' ืืœ ืื‘ืจื, ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ืชืจื™ื, ื•ืฉื ื ืืžืจ (ืฉื ื“) ืœื ื™ื™ืจืฉืš ื–ื” ื•ื’ื•', ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ืจืฉ ืžืฉืจื”:
and the Lord did to Sarah as He had spoken: to Abraham.
ื•ื™ืขืฉ ื”' ืœืฉืจื” ื›ืืฉืจ ื“ื‘ืจ: ืœืื‘ืจื”ื:
2And Sarah conceived and bore a son to Abraham in his old age, at the time of which God had spoken to him. ื‘ื•ַืชַּ֩ื”ַืจ֩ ื•ַืชֵּ֨ืœֶื“ ืฉָׂืจָ֧ื” ืœְืַื‘ְืจָื”ָ֛ื ื‘ֵּ֖ืŸ ืœִื–ְืงֻื ָ֑ื™ื• ืœַืžּื•ֹืขֵ֕ื“ ืֲืฉֶׁืจ־ื“ִּื‘ֶּ֥ืจ ืֹืช֖ื•ֹ ืֱืœֹื”ִֽื™ื:
at the time of which [He] had spoken: Rabbi Yudan and Rabbi Chama dispute. Rabbi Yudan says: This teaches us that he was born after nine months, so that it should not be said that he was [conceived] in Abimelech’s household, and Rabbi Chama says: After seven months. — [from Gen. Rabbah 53:6]
ืœืžื•ืขื“ ืืฉืจ ื“ื‘ืจ: ืจ' ื™ื•ื“ืŸ ื•ืจื‘ื™ ื—ืžื. ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืŸ ืื•ืžืจ ืžืœืžื“ ืฉื ื•ืœื“ ืœื˜' ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื ื™ืืžืจื• ืžื‘ื™ืชื• ืฉืœ ืื‘ื™ืžืœืš ื”ื•ื ื•ืจ' ื—ืžื ืื•ืžืจ ืœืฉื‘ืขื” ื—ื“ืฉื™ื:
at the time of which God had spoken: Heb. ืֹืชื•ֹ. [Onkelos and Jonathan render:] ื“ְืžַืœֵื™ืœ ื™ָืชֵื™, i.e., the time that He had spoken and fixed, when he [the angel] said to him (18:14):“At the appointed time, I will return to you.” He made a scratch on the wall, and said to him,“ When the sun reaches this scratch next year, she will give birth.” - [from Tan. Buber, Vayera 36]
ืœืžื•ืขื“ ืืฉืจ ื“ื‘ืจ ืืชื•: ื“ืžืœื™ืœ ื™ืชื™ื”. ืืช ื”ืžื•ืขื“ ืืฉืจ ื“ื‘ืจ ื•ืงื‘ืข ื›ืฉืืžืจ ืœื• (ืœืขื™ืœ ื™ื— ื™ื“) ืœืžื•ืขื“ ืืฉื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš, ืฉืจื˜ ืœื• ืฉืจื™ื˜ื” ื‘ื›ื•ืชืœ ื•ืืžืจ ืœื• ื›ืฉืชื’ื™ืข ื—ืžื” ืœืฉืจื™ื˜ื” ื–ื• ื‘ืฉื ื” ืื—ืจืช ืชืœื“:
in his old age: ืœִื–ְืงֻื ָื™ื• means that his [Isaac’s] facial features were like his. — [from Gen. Rabbah 53:6]
ืœื–ืงื•ื ื™ื•: ืฉื”ื™ื” ื–ื™ื• ืืงื•ื ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื• ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื•:
3And Abraham named his son who had been born to him, whom Sarah had borne to him, Isaac. ื’ื•ַื™ִּืงְืจָ֨ื ืַื‘ְืจָื”ָ֜ื ืֶืช־ืฉֶׁื־ื‘ְּื ֧ื•ֹ ื”ַื ּֽื•ֹืœַื“־ืœ֛ื•ֹ ืֲืฉֶׁืจ־ื™ָֽืœְื“ָื”־ืœּ֥ื•ֹ ืฉָׂืจָ֖ื” ื™ִืฆְื—ָֽืง:
4And Abraham circumcised his son Isaac when he was eight days old, as God had commanded him. ื“ื•ַื™ָּ֤ืžָืœ ืַื‘ְืจָื”ָื֙ ืֶืช־ื™ִืฆְื—ָ֣ืง ื‘ְּื ֔ื•ֹ ื‘ֶּืŸ־ืฉְׁืžֹื ַ֖ืช ื™ָืžִ֑ื™ื ื›ַּֽืֲืฉֶׁ֛ืจ ืฆִื•ָּ֥ื” ืֹืช֖ื•ֹ ืֱืœֹื”ִֽื™ื:
Tehillim: Psalms Chapters 66 - 68
• Hebrew text
• English text
Chapter 66
This psalm describes the praises and awe-inspiring prayers that we will offer God upon the ingathering of the exiles.
1. For the Conductor, a song, a psalm. Raise your voices in jubilation to God, all the earth!
2. Sing the glory of His Name; make glorious His praise.
3. Say to God, "How awesome are Your deeds!" Because of Your great strength, Your enemies will [admit] their treachery to You.
4. All the earth will bow to You, and sing to You; they will sing praise to Your Name forever!
5. Go and see the works of God, awesome in His deeds toward mankind.
6. He turned the sea into dry land, and they passed through the river on foot; we rejoiced in Him there.
7. He rules the world with His might, and His eyes watch the nations; let the rebellious not exalt themselves, Selah.
8. Bless our God, O nations, and let the voice of His praise be heard.
9. He has kept us alive, and did not allow our feet to falter.
10. For You tested us, O God; You refined us as one refining silver.
11. You brought us into prison; You placed a chain upon our loins.
12. You mounted men over our head; we went through fire and water, and You brought us out to abundance.
13. I will enter Your House with burnt-offerings, I will pay to You my vows,
14. which my lips uttered and my mouth spoke in my distress.
15. I will offer up to You burnt-offerings of fat animals, with the smoke of rams; I will prepare cattle with he-goats, Selah.
16. Come listen, all you who fear God, and I will relate what He has done for my soul.
17. I called to Him with my mouth, with exaltation beneath my tongue.
18. Had I seen iniquity in my heart, my Lord would not have listened.
19. But in truth, God heard; He gave ear to the voice of my prayer.
20. Blessed is God Who has not turned away my prayer or His kindness from me.
Chapter 67
This psalm is known as an especially revered prayer. It, too, speaks of the era of the ingathering of the exiles, and the wars of Gog and Magog, a time when "the Lord will be One."
1. For the Conductor, a song with instrumental music, a psalm.
2. May God be gracious to us and bless us; may He make His countenance shine upon us forever,
3. that Your way be known on earth, Your salvation among all nations.
4. The nations will extol You, O God; all the nations will extol You.
5. The nations will rejoice and sing for joy, for You will judge the peoples justly and guide the nations on earth forever.
6. The peoples will extol You, O God; all the peoples will extol You,
7. for the earth will have yielded its produce, and God, our God, will bless us.
8. God will bless us; and all, from the farthest corners of the earth, shall fear Him.
Chapter 68
An awe-inspiring and wondrous prayer, David composed this psalm referring to a future event, when Sennacherib would surround Jerusalem on Passover, during the reign of Hezekiah. He also prophesies about the good we will enjoy during the Messianic era.
1. For the Conductor; by David, a psalm, a song.
2. Let God rise, let His enemies be scattered, and let His enemies flee before Him.
3. As smoke is driven away, drive them away; as wax melts before fire, let the wicked perish before God.
4. And the righteous will rejoice, they will exult before God and delight with joy.
5. Sing to God, chant praises to His Name; extol Him Who rides upon the heavens with His Name, Yah, and exult before Him.
6. A father of orphans and judge of widows is God, in the abode of His holiness.
7. God settles the solitary into a home, and frees those bound in shackles; but the rebellious [are left to] dwell in an arid land.
8. O God, when You went out before Your nation, when You marched through the wilderness, Selah,
9. the earth trembled, even the heavens dripped before the presence of God; this mountain of Sinai [trembled] before the presence of God, the God of Israel.
10. You poured generous rain, O God; when Your heritage was weary, You secured it.
11. Your flock settled there; in Your goodness, O God, You prepare for the poor.
12. My Lord will fulfill the word of the heralds to a great legion:
13. Kings of armies will flee, they will flee; and she who inhabits the home will divide the loot.
14. Even if you lie upon the hearth,1 [you will be like] wings of a dove covered with silver, her pinions with brilliant gold.
15. When the Almighty scatters kings in her midst, those in the shadow of darkness will be made snow-white.
16. The mountain of God is a fertile mountain, the mountain of majestic peaks is a fertile mountain.
17. Why do you prance, O mountains of peaks? This is the mountain God has desired as His dwelling; the Lord will even dwell there forever.
18. The chariots of God are twice ten thousand, [with] thousands of angels; my Lord is in their midst, at Sinai, in holiness.
19. You ascended on high and took a captive,2 you seized gifts for man; and [now] even rebels dwell with Yah, God.
20. Blessed is my Lord, Who each day loads us [with beneficence], the God Who is our deliverance forever.
21. The Lord is a God of deliverances for us; and to God, my Lord, are the many avenues of death.
22. God alone crushes the heads of His enemies, the hairy skull of him who goes about in his guilt.
23. My Lord said, "I will bring back from Bashan,3 I will bring back from the depths of the sea,
24. that your foot may wade through [the enemy's] blood; that the tongue of your dogs may have its portion from your enemies.”
25. They saw Your ways, O God, the ways of my God, my King, in holiness.
26. The singers began, then the musicians, in the midst of the maidens playing timbrels.
27. In assemblies bless God; [bless] my Lord, O you who stem from Israel.
28. There Benjamin, the youngest, rules them; the princes of Judah stone them, [as do] the princes of Zebulun, and the princes of Naphtali.
29. Your God has decreed your strength. Show Your strength, O God, Who has wrought this for our sake.
30. Because of [the glory of] Your Sanctuary upon Jerusalem, kings will bring You tribute.
31. Rebuke the wild beast of the reeds, the assembly of mighty bulls among the calves of nations, [until] each submits himself with pieces of silver. Scatter the nations that desire wars.
32. Nobles will come from Egypt; Kush will hasten [to raise] its hands to God.
33. Kingdoms of the earth, sing to God; sing praise to my Lord forever!
34. To the One Who rides upon the loftiest of ancient heavens-behold He gives forth His voice, a voice of might.
35. Ascribe power to God; His majesty is over Israel, and His might is in the skies.
36. God, You are feared from Your Sanctuary; it is the God of Israel Who grants strength and power to His people; blessed is God.
FOOTNOTES
1.And dirty yourself in exile (Metzudot).
2.Israel ascended on high and seized the Torah from the Angels (Metzudot).
3.From amongst the nations who are compared to “bulls of Bashan” (Metzudot).
Tanya: Iggeret HaKodesh, beginning of Epistle 27
• English Text (Lessons in Tanya)
• Hebrew Text
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Wednesday, Cheshvan 12, 5778 · November 1, 2017
Today's Tanya Lesson
Iggeret HaKodesh, beginning of Epistle 27
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Part (a)
The Alter Rebbe wrote this letter of condolence to his chassidim in 1788 after the passing of his colleague and mentor, the saintly R. Mendele of Vitebsk (or Horodok), who had settled in the Holy Land in 1777. It concludes by rousing them to the mitzvah of tzedakah in general, and particularly of maintaining the family of R. Mendel.
The Alter Rebbe is here addressing chassidim who in the past had benefited from their connection with the tzaddik both through his advice and blessings on material matters, and through his guidance in matters of the spirit. He comforts them, therefore, with the teaching of the Zohar that a tzaddik is to be found in this world after his passing to a greater extent than while he was physically alive. His disciples are thus able to receive his guidance in their Torah study and divine service to an even greater degree than before. Materially, too, the tzaddikprotects this world after his passing even more effectively than he did during his lifetime.
ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืœื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ ืืจืฆื ื• ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื”, ืชื‘ื ื” ื•ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ืžื”ืจื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื•, ืืžืŸ
This letter was written [by the Alter Rebbe] to the [chassidic] inhabitants of the Holy Land (May it speedily be rebuilt and reestablished in our own days, Amen!),1
ืœื ื—ืžื ื‘ื›ืคืœื™ื™ื ืœืชื•ืฉื™ื”
to console them with redoubled support2
ืขืœ ืคื˜ื™ืจืช ื”ืจื‘ ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืžืคื•ืจืกื, ืื™ืฉ ืืœืงื™ื ืงื“ื•ืฉ, ื ืจ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืขืžื•ื“ ื”ื™ืžื™ืŸ, ืคื˜ื™ืฉ ื”ื—ื–ืง, ืžื•ืจื ื• ื”ืจื‘ ืจ׳ ืžื ื—ื ืžืขื ื“ืœ, ื ืฉืžืชื• ืขื“ืŸ
over the passing of the celebrated rabbi and Gaon, holy man of G‑d,3 “lamp of Israel, pillar of the right hand, mighty hammer,”4 our mentor R. Menachem Mendel (May his soul rest in Eden!).
* * *
ืื”ื•ื‘ื™ื™ ืื—ื™ื™ ื•ืจืขื™ื™ ืืฉืจ ื›ื ืคืฉื™ ื›ื•׳
My beloved, my brethren and friends, who are [as dear] and so forth [to me] as my soul.
Likkutei Haggahot on Tanya likens the opening three terms of address to the three Scriptural terms of endearment successively addressed by a king to his beloved daughter in the parable cited by the Midrash:5 “My beloved” recalls the paternal love expressed by the phrase “my daughter”; “my brethren” recalls the fraternal love expressed by the phrase “my sister”; and “my friends” recalls the filial love expressed by the phrase “my mother.” The further phrase “as my soul” indicates the love that one has for his own life, as in the phrase of the Zohar,6 “he called her by his own name”; while “and so forth” indicates a love even greater — a bond with the ultimate soul-level of Yechidah.
ื”׳ ืขืœื™ื”ื, ื™ื—ื™ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ืขื“ ื”ืขื•ืœื
May [the Name of] G‑d be upon you,7 and may you live forever,
According to the above interpretation of Likkutei Haggahot, the Alter Rebbe’s blessing that “the Name of G‑d be upon you” is intended to elicit a transcendent mode of Divine benevolence, while the blessing “may you live forever” is intended to draw down this transcendent benevolence so that it can be internalized within its finite recipients. (Or, in the terms of Chassidut, it is intended “to be mamshich the makkif into the pnimi.”)
ื•ืฆืืฆืื™ื”ื ืืชื, ื–ืจืข ืืžืช
and your children with you, the seed of truth;
ื‘ืจื•ื›ื™ ื”׳ ื”ืžื”, ืžืขืชื” ื•ืขื“ ืขื•ืœื
may you be blessed by G‑d for evermore.
ืื—ืจื™ ื“ืจื™ืฉืช ืฉืœื•ืžื, ื›ืžืฉืคื˜ ืœืื•ื”ื‘ื™ ืฉืžื•
Having first duly inquired after the welfare of those who love [G‑d’s] Name,
ื‘ืืชื™ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืœื‘ ื ื“ื›ืื™ื, ื”ื ืื ื—ื™ื ื•ื”ื ืื ืงื™ื, ื•ืœื ื—ืžื ื‘ื›ืคืœื™ื™ื ืœืชื•ืฉื™ื”
I have come to speak to the heart of the smitten, who are sighing and groaning over the passing of R. Mendele, and to console you with redoubled support
ืืฉืจ ืฉืžืขื” ืื–ื ื™, ื•ืชื‘ืŸ ืœื”
with what my ear has heard from others and with what I have understood myself,8
ืขืœ ืžืืžืจ ืจื–״ืœ, ื“ืฉื‘ืง ื—ื™ื™ื ืœื›ืœ ื—ื™
regarding the idiom used by our Sages9 to signify the passing of a tzaddik, “He has left life for all the living.”
If this simply means that others have remained alive after his passing, what are we to make of the expression “left life”? Did he leave them life? Surely, the life they are living is their own.
The Alter Rebbe will explain below that the idiom means quite literally that the tzaddik left something of his own life to others. For the true core of a tzaddik’s life is not fleshly; rather, it comprises the spiritual qualities of faith, awe and love of G‑d. When a tzaddik departs from this world he leaves over his faith, fear and love to all those who are bound to him, so that they will be able to receive even more than they received from him while he lived his physical life together with them. All three qualities are alluded to as “life” in the verses enumerated below:
ื›ื™ ืฆื“ื™ืง ื‘ืืžื•ื ืชื• ื™ื—ื™ื”
For10 “a tzaddik lives by his faith,”
ื•ื‘ื™ืจืืช ื”׳ ืœื—ื™ื™ื
and by11 “the awe of G‑d [which leads] to life,”
ื•ื‘ืจืฉืคื™ ืืฉ ืฉืœื”ื‘ืช ืื”ื‘ืชื• ืžื—ื™ื™ื
and by12 the flashing and fiery sparks of his love [for G‑d, that is even greater] than life,
ืœื›ืœ ื‘ื”ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ ืจื•ื—ื• [ื•ื ืฉืžืชื•] ื›ืœ ื™ืžื™ ื—ืœื“ื•
investing in them — in his faith and awe and love — the life of his Ruach [13V.L.: and, moreover, of his Neshamah] throughout his life.
As the Alter Rebbe will soon say, disciples receive their influence from the soul-level of the tzaddik which is called Ruach. In addition, as explained in Likkutei Haggahot, those disciples who are also [as close as] children receive their influence from the higher soul-level called Neshamah.
ื•ื™ื”ื™ ื‘ื”ืขืœื•ืช ื”׳ ืจื•ื—ื•
When, at the time of his passing, G‑d elevates his Ruach
ื•ื ืฉืžืชื• ืืœื™ื• ื™ืืกื•ืฃ
and gathers up his soul unto Himself14
ื•ื™ืขืœื” ื‘ืขื™ืœื•ื™ ืื—ืจ ืขื™ืœื•ื™, ืขื“ ืจื•ื ื”ืžืขืœื•ืช
and he ascends from one elevation to the next, to the very highest of levels,
ืฉื‘ืง ื—ื™ื™ ืจื•ื—ื•
he [then] leaves over the life of his Ruach,
ืคืขื•ืœืชื• ืืฉืจ ืขื‘ื“ ื‘ื” ืœืคื ื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ
the deeds in which he has formerly labored with Israel, i.e., the faith, fear and love which he drew down to them from his Ruach,
On a less literal level, the Hebrew word lefanim (here translated “formerly”) can also be understood to mean “to the inwardness”; i.e., the tzaddik infused and integrated this faith, fear and love into the innermost core of his disciples, this being׳—
ืคืขื•ืœืช ืฆื“ื™ืง ืœื—ื™ื™ื
“the labor of a tzaddik for life,”15
Or, less literally, “a tzaddik’s labor for the living,” to provide them with life. At any rate, at the time of his passing, the tzaddik bequeaths the fruit of his lifelong labors —
ืœื›ืœ ื—ื™, ื”ื™ื ื ืคืฉ ื›ืœ ื—ื™
to every living being, that is, to the soul of every living being who lives a life of Torah and mitzvot,
ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื” ื‘ื ืคืฉื• ื‘ื—ื‘ืœื™ ืขื‘ื•ืชื•ืช ืื”ื‘ื” ืจื‘ื” ื•ืื”ื‘ืช ืขื•ืœื, ื‘ืœ ืชืžื•ื˜ ืœื ืฆื—
who is bound to his soul by the thick ropes of a magnanimous love, and an eternal love, that will not be moved forever.
ืืฉืจ ืžื™ ื”ืื™ืฉ ื”ื—ืคืฅ ื—ื™ื™ื, ืœื“ื‘ืงื” ื‘ื”׳ ื—ื™ื™ื
For any man who eagerly desires life16 [and who seeks] to cleave to the living G‑d,
ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ืชื“ื‘ืง ื ืคืฉื•
through his service (i.e., through the divine service of the tzaddik) his soul will cleave
ื•ื”ื™ืชื” ืฆืจื•ืจื” ื‘ืฆืจื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืืช ื”׳
and will be bound up in the bond of life with G‑d,17
ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ืจื•ื— ืืคื™ื ื•
in the life of the Ruach (literally, the life-giving “breath”) of our nostrils
ืืฉืจ ืืžืจื ื•: ื‘ืฆืœื• ื ื—ื™ื” ื‘ื’ื•ื™ื
of which we have said, “In its [protective] shadow we shall live among the nations.”18
This alludes to the Chayah of the tzaddik, the soul-level which is even loftier than the soul-level called Neshamah, and which infuses the followers of the tzaddik with a transcendent mode of life-force which enables them to withstand challenges from non-Jewish (i.e., unholy) sources.
ืืฉืจ ืฉื‘ืง ืœื ื•, ื‘ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื•ืื—ื“
[This] he left unto us, in each and every individual,
ื›ืคื™ ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืชื• ื‘ืืžืช, ื•ืื”ื‘ืชื• ืื”ื‘ืช ืืžืช ื”ื˜ื”ื•ืจื”, ืžืงืจื‘ ืื™ืฉ ื•ืœื‘ ืขืžื•ืง
corresponding to the degree of his genuine alliance with the tzaddik and his true and pure love of him, from the innermost core of man and from the depths of his heart.19
To the extent of each individual’s bond with the tzaddik, so does the tzaddik share with him his Ruach, and his faith, fear and love of G‑d.
ื›ื™ ื›ืžื™ื ื”ืคื ื™ื ื•ื›ื•׳
For20 “as in water, face [answers to face, so is the heart of man to man]”: the individual’s love for the tzaddik reflects back to him, eliciting a love of the tzaddik for him,
ื•ืจื•ื— ืื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ื— ื•ืืžืฉื™ืš ืจื•ื—
and21 “spirit rouses spirit and brings forth spirit” — the spirit of love that one has for the tzaddik draws down the Ruach, the superior spirit of the tzaddik.
ื•ืจื•ื—ื• ืขื•ืžื“ืช ื‘ืงืจื‘ื™ื ื• ืžืžืฉ
For his Ruach remains truly in our midst, within those of us who are bound to him,
ื›ื™ ื‘ืจืื•ืชื• ื™ืœื“ื™ื•, ืžืขืฉื” ื™ื“ื™ื• ื‘ืงืจื‘ื•, ื™ืงื“ื™ืฉื• ืฉืžื• ื™ืชื‘ืจืš
when he sees his children, i.e., his disciples,22 who embody the work of his hands, sanctifying [G‑d’s] blessed Name.
ืืฉืจ ื™ืชื’ื“ืœ ื•ื™ืชืงื“ืฉ, ื›ืืฉืจ ื ืœืš ื‘ื“ืจืš ื™ืฉืจื” ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ืจื ื• ืžื“ืจื›ื™ื•
For [His Name] is magnified and sanctified when we walk in the straight path that he has shown us of his paths,
ื•ื ืœื›ื” ื‘ืื•ืจื—ื•ืชื™ื• ื ืฆื— ืกืœื” ื•ืขื“
and we will walk in his ways forevermore.
With regard to the above sentence, the Rebbe notes that the Zohar (Part II, p. 215a; and Part III, end of Parshat Kedoshim) distinguishes between a “path” (derech) and a “way” (orach). “Path” signifies a well-trodden track which the tzaddik has cleared for common use, while “way” suggests a trail that is presently being blazed, according to the spiritual needs of the individual’s divine service. The Rebbe refers the reader to Likkutei Torah, Shir HaShirim (12b).
The reason that the Alter Rebbe characterizes the tzaddik’s life as consisting of faith, fear and love, is that (as explained in the very first Epistle in this series) faith is the underpinning, the “loins” that support the entire body of a man’s divine service, and this finds expression in his fear and love of G‑d, his “arms”.
* * *
FOOTNOTES
1.
The Rebbe notes in his Luach HaTikkun that this letter was in fact written to chassidim in the Diaspora. The introductory statement that it was written “to the inhabitants of the Holy Land” is a copyist’s error, “since the conclusion of this letter (published in Ginzei Nistarot — Or Rav, ch. 6) urges his readers not to diminish, ‘Heaven forfend, the sacred monies that they sanctify to G‑d annually...for our masters in the Holy Land.’ He continues, moreover, that the money should be ready to be sent promptly to the Holy Land.”
In a later addendum the Rebbe concludes: “The difficulty with all the above is readily understandable, for this introductory statement is found in all the editions and was seen by the Rebbeim over the generations, beginning with the author’s children and the Tzemach Tzedek.“
It would therefore seem that both things are true: The appropriate section (that which is printed here, minus the line about ‘the bearer of this letter,’ from which we also understand that this letter was edited for publication) was sent to the Holy Land, while the letter in its entirety was sent to the ‘heartbroken...of our country.’ For in any event it is reasonable to assume that the Alter Rebbe wrote a letter of consolation to the ‘heartbroken...of the Holy Land.”’
2.Cf. Iyov 11:6.
3.Cf. II Melachim 4:9.
4.Cf. Berachot 28b.
5.Shmot Rabbah, end of Parshat Pekudei.
6.I, 154b.
7.Following the conventions of classical Hebrew, the original letter addresses its readers indirectly in the polite third person; here, for clarity’s sake, this has been rendered in the second person.
8.Cf. Ezekiel 9:4.
9.Often used in halachic responsa. Addendum of the Rebbe: “Likewise in Rambam, Hilchot Yibum, end of ch. 4, in the text of a get chalitzah and a ketubbat yevamin, [the deceased is referred to as having] ‘left life to our Rabbis and to all of Israel.’”
10.Chavakuk 2:4.
11.Mishlei 19:23.
12.Cf. Shir HaShirim 8:6, where the connection with “life” is implied by the context.
13.Brackets are in the original text.
14.Iyov 34:14.
15.Mishlei 10:16.
16.Cf. Tehillim 34:13.
17.Cf. I Shmuel 25:29.
18.Note of the Rebbe: “Quoting Eichah 4:20.”
19.Cf. Tehillim 64:7.
20.Mishlei 27:19.
21.Zohar II, 166b, et al.
22.Sifrei (quoted in Rashi) on Devarim 6:7.
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Nusach HaTefila 
Nusach HaTefila
Today we continue with Maimonides' "Order of Prayer." (The Daily Mitzvah schedule runs parallel to the daily study of three chapters of Maimonides' 14-volume code. This is what is being studied today according to the three-chapter-a-day-schedule.)
We have not translated this order into English, because the point of it is not to provide a translation of the prayers, but to lay out the way Maimonides structured his prayer book.
As such, we present you today with the second section (parts two, three, and four) of the original Hebrew "Order of Prayer."
Part 2
ืกื“ืจ ืชืคืœื•ืช ื—ืœืง ืฉื ื™
ื. ื ื•ืกื— ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืชืคืœื” ื•ืกื™ื“ื•ืจืŸ:
(ื) ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื•ืืœื”ื™ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืืœื”ื™ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืืœื”ื™ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื•ืืœื”ื™ ื™ืขืงื‘ ื”ืืœ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ื”ื ื•ืจื ื•ื›ื•':
(ื‘) ืืชื” ื’ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืขื•ืœื ืื“ื ื™ ืžื—ื™ื” ืžืชื™ื ืืชื” ืจื‘ ืœื”ื•ืฉื™ืข (ืžื•ืจื™ื“ ื”ื˜ืœ) (ืžืฉื™ื‘ ื”ืจื•ื— ื•ืžื•ืจื™ื“ ื”ื’ืฉื) ืžื›ืœื›ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื—ืกื“ ืžื—ื™ื” ืžืชื™ื ื‘ืจื—ืžื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืกื•ืžืš ื ื•ืคืœื™ื ื•ื›ื•':
(ื’) ืืชื” ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื•ืฉืžืš ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื•ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื™ื”ืœืœื•ืš ืกืœื” ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื™ื™' ื”ืืœ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ:
(ื“) ืืชื” ื—ื•ื ืŸ ืœืื“ื ื“ืขืช ื•ืžืœืžื“ ืœืื ื•ืฉ ื‘ื™ื ื” ื•ื—ื ื ื• ืžืืชืš ื“ืขื” ื—ื›ืžื” ื•ื‘ื™ื ื” ื•ื”ืฉื›ืœ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื™ื™' ื—ื•ื ืŸ ื”ื“ืขืช:
(ื”) ื”ืฉื™ื‘ื ื• ืื‘ื™ื ื• ืœืชื•ืจืชืš ื•ื“ื‘ืงื ื• ื‘ืžืฆื•ืชื™ืš ื•ืงืจื‘ื ื• ืžืœื›ื ื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืชืš ื•ื”ื—ื–ื™ืจื ื• ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœื™ืžื” ืœืคื ื™ืš ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื™ื™' ื”ืจื•ืฆื” ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”:
(ื•) ืกืœื— ืœื ื• ืื‘ื™ื ื• ื›ื™ ื—ื˜ืื ื• ืžื—ื•ืœ ืœื ื• ืžืœื›ื ื• ื›ื™ ืคืฉืขื ื• ืœืš ื›ื™ ืืœ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืกืœื— ืืชื” ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื™ื™' ื—ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืจื‘ื” ืœืกืœื•ื—:
(ื–) ืจืื” ื ื ื‘ืขื ื™ื ื• ื•ืจื™ื‘ื” ืจื™ื‘ื ื• ื•ื“ื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื ื ื• ื•ืžื”ืจ ืœื’ืืœื ื• ื›ื™ ืืœ ืžืœืš ื’ื•ืืœ ื—ื–ืง ืืชื” ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื™ื™' ื’ื•ืืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ:
(ื—) ืจืคืื ื• ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื•ื ืจืคื ื”ื•ืฉื™ืขื ื• ื•ื ื•ืฉืขื” ื›ื™ ืชื”ืœืชื ื• ืืชื” ื•ื”ืขืœื” ืจืคื•ืื” ืฉืœื™ืžื” ืœื›ืœ ืชื—ืœื•ืื™ื ื• ื›ื™ ืืœ ืจื•ืคื ื•ืจื—ืžืŸ ืืชื” ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื™ื™' ืจื•ืคื ื—ื•ืœื™ ืขืžื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ:
(ื˜) ื‘ืจื›ื ื• ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืขืฉื” ื™ื“ื™ื ื• ื•ื‘ืจืš ืืช ืฉื ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื•ืชืŸ (ื˜ืœ ื•ืžื˜ืจ ืœ) ื‘ืจื›ื” ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ืื“ืžื” ื•ืฉื‘ืข ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžื‘ืจื›ื•ืชื™ืš ื•ืจื•ื” ืคื ื™ ืชื‘ืœ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื™ื™' ืžื‘ืจืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื:
(ื™) ืชืงืข ื‘ืฉื•ืคืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืœื—ื™ืจื•ืชื ื• ื•ืฉื ื ืก ืœืงื‘ืฅ ืืช ื›ืœ ื’ืœื™ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืžืืจื‘ืข ื›ื ืคื•ืช ื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ืœืืจืฆื ื• ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื™ื™' ืžืงื‘ืฅ ื ื“ื—ื™ ืขืžื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ:
(ื™ื) ื”ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ื• ื›ื‘ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื•ื™ื•ืขืฆื™ื ื• ื›ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื•ื”ืกืจ ืžืžื ื• ื™ื’ื•ืŸ ื•ืื ื—ื” ื•ืžืœื•ืš ืขืœื™ื ื• ืืชื” ืœื‘ื“ืš ื‘ื—ืกื“ ื•ื‘ืจื—ืžื™ื ื‘ืฆื“ืง ื•ื‘ืžืฉืคื˜ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื™ื™' ืžืœืš ืื•ื”ื‘ ืฆื“ืงื” ื•ืžืฉืคื˜:
(ื™ื‘) ืœืžืœืฉื™ื ื™ื ืืœ ืชื”ื™ ืชืงื•ื” ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืืคื™ืงื•ืจื•ืกื™ืŸ ื›ื•ืœื ื›ืจื’ืข ื™ืื‘ื“ื• ื•ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื–ื“ื•ืŸ ืชืขืงืจ ื•ืชืฉื‘ืจ ื‘ืžื”ืจื” ื‘ื™ืžื ื• ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื™ื™' ืฉื•ื‘ืจ ืจืฉืขื™ื ื•ืžื›ื ื™ืข ื–ื“ื™ื:
(ื™ื’) ืขืœ ื”ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื ื•ืขืœ ื”ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื•ืขืœ ื’ืจื™ ื”ืฆื“ืง ื•ืขืœ ืฉืืจื™ืช ืขืžืš ื‘ื™ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ื”ืžื• ืจื—ืžื™ืš ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื•ืชืŸ ืฉื›ืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื›ืœ ื”ื‘ื•ื˜ื—ื™ื ื‘ืฉืžืš ื‘ืืžืช ื•ื›ื•':
(ื™ื“) ืชืฉื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืขื™ืจืš ื›ืืฉืจ ื“ื‘ืจืช ื•ื‘ื ื” ืื•ืชื” ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืžื”ืจื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื• ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื™ื™' ื‘ื•ื ื” ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื:
(ื˜ื•) ืืช ืฆืžื— ื“ื•ื“ ื‘ืžื”ืจื” ืชืฆืžื™ื— ื•ืงืจื ื• ืชืจื•ื ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืขืชืš ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื™ื™' ืžืฆืžื™ื— ืงืจืŸ ื™ืฉื•ืขื”:
(ื˜ื–) ืฉืžืข ืงื•ืœื ื• ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื•ื—ื•ืก ื•ืจื—ื ืขืœื™ื ื• ื•ืงื‘ืœ ื‘ืจื—ืžื™ื ื•ื‘ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืืช ืชืคืœืชื™ื ื• ืžืœื›ื ื• ืจื™ืงื ืืœ ืชืฉื™ื‘ื ื• ื›ื™ ืืชื” ืฉื•ืžืข ื•ื›ื•':
(ื™ื–) ืจืฆื” ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื‘ืขืžืš ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืœืชืคืœืชื ืฉืขื” ื•ื”ืฉื‘ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืœื“ื‘ื™ืจ ื‘ื™ืชืš ื•ืืฉื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชืคืœืชื ื•ื›ื•' ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื™ื™' ื”ืžื—ื–ื™ืจ ืฉื›ื™ื ืชื• ืœืฆื™ื•ืŸ:
(ื™ื—) ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืื ื—ื ื• ืœืš ืฉืืชื” ื”ื•ื ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื•ืืœื”ื™ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืฆื•ืจ ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ื•ืžื’ืŸ ื™ืฉืขื ื• ืืชื” ืœื“ื•ืจ ื•ื“ื•ืจ ื ื•ื“ื” ืœืš ื•ื ืกืคืจ ืชื”ืœืชืš ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ื•ื›ื•':
(ื™ื˜) ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื•ื‘ืจื›ื” ื—ืŸ ื•ื—ืกื“ ื•ืจื—ืžื™ื ืขืœื™ื ื• ื•ืขืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืžืš ื•ื‘ืจื›ื ื• ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืžืžืื•ืจ ืคื ื™ืš ื ืชืช ืœื ื• ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื—ื™ื™ื ืื”ื‘ื” ื•ื›ื•' ื‘ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ื—ืžื” ืื•ืžืจ ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื” ืฉื ื™ื” ืจื‘ ืœื”ื•ืฉื™ืข ืžื•ืจื™ื“ ื”ื˜ืœ ืžื›ืœื›ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื—ืกื“ ื•ื›ื•' ื•ืžื‘ืจืš ื‘ืจื›ื” ืชืฉื™ืขื™ืช ื‘ื ื•ืกื— ื–ื” ื‘ืจื›ื ื• ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืขืฉื” ื™ื“ื™ื ื• ื•ื‘ืจืš ืืช ืฉื ืชื ื• ื‘ื˜ืœืœื™ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื›ื” ื•ื ื“ื‘ื” ื›ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื™ื™' ืžื‘ืจืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ืœื™ืœ ืžื•ืฆืื™ ืฉื‘ืช ื•ื‘ืžื•ืฆืื™ ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ืคื•ืจื™ื ื•ื‘ืžื•ืฆืื™ ื™ืžื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืžื‘ืจืš ื‘ืจื›ื” ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื‘ื ื•ืกื— ื–ื”:
ืืชื” ื—ื•ื ืŸ ืœืื“ื ื“ืขืช ื•ืžืœืžื“ ืœืื ื•ืฉ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืืชื” ื”ื‘ื“ืœืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงื“ืฉ ืœื—ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ืจ ืœื—ืฉืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืขืžื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ ืœืฉืฉืช ื™ืžื™ ื”ืžืขืฉื” ื›ืฉื ืฉื”ื‘ื“ืœืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงื“ืฉ ืœื—ื•ืœ ื›ืŸ ืคื“ื ื• ื•ื”ืฆื™ืœื ื• ืžื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ืžืฉื—ื™ืช ื•ืžื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ืคื•ืจืขื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืชืจื’ืฉื•ืช ืœื‘ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื•ืฉืžืจื ื• ืžืŸ ื”ื›ืœ ื•ื—ื ื ื• ืžืืชืš ื•ื›ื•':
ื‘ืจืืฉื™ ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื•ื‘ื—ื•ืœื• ืฉืœ ืžื•ืขื“ ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช ื™"ื– ื‘ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ื•ืฉื—ืจื™ืช ื•ืžื ื—ื” ื•ืžื‘ืจืš ืื•ืชื” ื‘ื ื•ืกื— ื–ื”:
ืจืฆื” ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื•ื›ื•' ืขื“ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืžืš ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื•ืืœื”ื™ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื™ืขืœื” ื•ื™ื‘ื ื•ื›ื•' ื•ืชื—ื–ื™ื ื” ืขื™ื ื™ื ื• ื•ื›ื•' ื•ื‘ื—ื•ืœื• ืฉืœ ืžื•ืขื“ ืื•ืžืจ ื‘ื™ื•ื ืžืงืจื ืงื“ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ืžื•ืขื“ ื—ื’ ื”ืžืฆื•ืช ื”ื–ื” ืื• ื‘ื™ื•ื ืžื•ืขื“ ื—ื’ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ื–ื” ืื• ื‘ื™ื•ื ืžื•ืขื“ ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช ื”ื–ื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ืชืขื ื™ืช ืžื‘ืจืš ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื‘ืจื›ืช ื™"ื• ื‘ื ื•ืกื— ื–ื”:
ืฉืžืข ืงื•ืœื ื• ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื—ื•ืก ื•ืจื—ื ืขืœื™ื ื• ื•ืงื‘ืœ ื‘ืจื—ืžื™ื ื•ื‘ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืืช ืชืคืœืชื ื• ืžืœืคื ื™ืš ืžืœื›ื ื• ืจื™ืงื ืืœ ืชืฉื™ื‘ื ื• ืขื ื ื• ืื‘ื™ื ื• ืขื ื ื• ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฆื•ื ืชืขื ื™ืชื ื• ื›ื™ ื‘ืฆืจื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืืœ ืชืกืชืจ ืคื ื™ืš ืžืžื ื• ื•ืืœ ืชืขืœื ืื–ื ืš ืžืฉืžื•ืข ื‘ืงืฉืชื ื• ื•ื”ื™ื” ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืฉื•ืขื ื• ื˜ืจื ื ืงืจื ื•ืืชื” ืชืขื ื” ื ื“ื‘ืจ ื•ืืชื” ืชืฉืžืข ื›ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื ืืžืจ ื•ื”ื™ื” ื˜ืจื ื™ืงืจืื• ื•ืื ื™ ืืขื ื” ืขื•ื“ ื”ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ืื ื™ ืืฉืžืข ื›ื™ ืืชื” ืฉื•ืžืข ืชืคืœืช ื›ืœ ืคื” ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื™ื™' ืฉื•ืžืข ืชืคืœื” ื•ืฉืœื™ื— ืฆื‘ื•ืจ ืื•ืžืจ ื ื•ืกื— ื–ื” ื‘ืจื›ื” ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื” ืื—ืจ ื‘ืจื›ื” ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ืื•ืžืจ ืขื ื ื• ื•ื›ื•' ืขื“ ื›ื™ ืืœ ืขื•ื ื” ื‘ืขืช ืฆืจื” ืคื•ื“ื” ื•ืžืฆื™ืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช ืฆืจื” ื•ืฆื•ืงื” ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื™ื™' ื”ืขื•ื ื” ื‘ืขืช ืฆืจื”:
ื‘ืชืฉืขื” ื‘ืื‘ ืžื‘ืจืš ื‘ืจื›ืช ืืจื‘ืข ืขืฉืจื” ื‘ื ื•ืกื— ื–ื”:
ืจื—ื ื™ื™' ืขืœื™ื ื• ืขืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืžืš ื•ืขืœ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืขื™ืจืš ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ืื‘ืœื” ื”ื—ืจื‘ื” ื”ืฉื•ืžืžื” ื”ื ืชื•ื ื” ื‘ื™ื“ ื–ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื•ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืจืืฉ ืœื” ื—ืคื•ื™ ื›ืืฉื” ืขืงืจื” ืฉืœื ื™ืœื“ื” ื•ื™ื‘ืœืขื•ื” ืœื’ื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื™ื™ืจืฉื•ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ืคืกื™ืœื™ื ื•ื™ืชื ื• ื ื‘ืœืช ืขื‘ื“ื™ืš ืžืื›ืœ ืœืขื•ืฃ ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืœื‘ื”ืžืช ื”ืืจืฅ ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืจืจ ืชื‘ื›ื” ื•ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืชืชืŸ ืงื•ืœื” ืœื‘ื™ ืœื‘ื™ ืขืœ ื—ืœืœื™ื”ื ืžืขื™ ืžืขื™ ืขืœ ื”ืจื•ื’ื™ื”ื ืจืื” ื™ื™' ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื” ื•ืจืื” ืฉื•ืžืžื•ืชื™ื” ื•ื ื—ืžื ื” ื›ื™ ื‘ืืฉ ื”ืฆืชื” ื•ื‘ืืฉ ืืชื” ืขืชื™ื“ ืœื‘ื ื•ืชื” ื›ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื•ืื ื™ ืื”ื™ื” ืœื” ื ืื ื™ื™' ื—ื•ืžืช ืืฉ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื•ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืื”ื™ื” ื‘ืชื•ื›ื” ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื™ื™' ื‘ื•ื ื” ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ืคื•ืจื™ื ืžื‘ืจืš ื‘ืจื›ืช ืฉืžื ื” ืขืฉืจื” ื‘ื ื•ืกื— ื–ื”:
ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืื ื—ื ื• ืœืš ืฉืืชื” ื”ื•ื ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ื”ืžืกื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื“ืš ืขืœ ื ืฉืžื•ืชื™ื ื• ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืœืš ืขืœ ื ืกื™ืš ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื•ื™ื•ื ื•ืขืœ ื ืคืœืื•ืชื™ืš ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช ื›ื•' ืขืœ ื”ื ืกื™ื ื•ืขืœ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืจื•ืช ื•ืขืœ ื”ืชืฉื•ืขื•ืช ื•ื›ื•' ื•ืขืœ ื›ื•ืœื ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ืื ื• ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืœืš ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื›ื™ ืœื ื›ืœื• ื•ื›ื•':
ื‘ื—ื ื•ื›ื” ืžื‘ืจืš ื‘ืจื›ื” ื–ื• ื‘ื ื•ืกื— ื–ื”:
ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืื ื—ื ื• ืœืš ื›ื•' ืขื“ ื•ืขืœ ื ืคืœืื•ืชื™ืš ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช ืขืจื‘ ื•ื‘ื•ืงืจ ื•ืฆื”ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื ืกื™ื ื›ื•' ืขื“ ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืŸ ื‘ืื• ื‘ื ื™ืš ื•ื›ื•':
ืฉืœื™ื— ืฆื‘ื•ืจ ืžื‘ืจืš ืœืขื•ืœื ื‘ืจื›ื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ื‘ื ื•ืกื— ื–ื”:
ื ืงื“ื™ืฉืš ื•ื ืžืœื™ื›ืš ื•ื ืฉืœืฉ ืœืš ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืžืฉื•ืœืฉืช ื›ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ ื ื‘ื™ืืš ื•ืงืจื ื–ื” ืืœ ื–ื” ื•ืืžืจ ืงื“ื•ืฉ ืงื“ื•ืฉ ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื™ื™' ืฆื‘ืื•ืช ืžืœื ื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื• ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื• ื•ื’ื“ืœื• ืžืœื ืขื•ืœื ื•ืžืฉืจืชื™ื• ืฉื•ืืœื™ื ืื™ื” ืžืงื•ื ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื• ืœื”ืขืจื™ืฆื• ืœืขื•ืžืชื ืžืฉื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ืจื•ืš ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื™ื™' ืžืžืงื•ืžื• ืžืžืงื•ืžืš ืžืœื›ื ื• ืชื•ืคื™ืข ื•ืชืžืœื•ืš ืขืœื™ื ื• ื›ื™ ืžื—ื›ื™ื ืื ื—ื ื• ืœืš ืžืชื™ ืชืžืœื•ืš ื‘ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ื•ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื• ืชืฉื›ื•ืŸ ืชืชื’ื“ืœ ื•ืชืชืงื“ืฉ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืขื™ืจืš ืœื“ื•ืจ ื•ื“ื•ืจ ืœื ืฆื— ื ืฆื—ื™ื ื•ืขื™ื ื™ื ื• ืชืจืื™ื ื” ื‘ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืขื•ื–ืš ื›ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืืžื•ืจ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืงื“ืฉืš ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื“ื•ื“ ืžืฉื™ื— ืฆื“ืงืš ื™ืžืœื•ืš ื™ื™' ืœืขื•ืœื ืืœื”ื™ืš ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืœื“ื•ืจ ื•ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืœืœื•ื™ื” ืœื“ื•ืจ ื•ื“ื•ืจ ื ื’ื™ื“ ื’ื“ืœืš ื•ืœื ืฆื— ื ืฆื—ื™ื ืงื“ื•ืฉืชืš ื ืงื“ื™ืฉ ื•ืฉื‘ื—ืš ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ืžืคื™ื ื• ืœื ื™ืžื•ืฉ ื›ื™ ืืœ ืžืœืš ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ืงื“ื•ืฉ ืืชื” ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื™ื™' ื”ืืœ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืขืช ืฉืฉืœื™ื— ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืื•ืžืจ ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื” ื–ื• ื•ืงืจื ื–ื” ืืœ ื–ื” ื›ืœ ื”ืขื ืขื•ื ื™ืŸ ืงื“ื•ืฉ ืงื“ื•ืฉ ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื•ื›ื•' ื•ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ืื™ื” ืžืงื•ื ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื• ื›ืœ ื”ืขื ืขื•ื ื™ืŸ ืžืฉื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ืจื•ืš ื›ื•' ื•ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ื•ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื• ื›ืœ ื”ืขื ืขื•ื ื™ืŸ ืืžืŸ ื•ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจืข"ื™ื“ื•ื“ ืžืฉื™ื— ืฆื“ืงืš ื›ืœ ื”ืขื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื™ืžืœื•ืš ื™ื™' ืœืขื•ืœื ื•ื›ืœ ืืœื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืขื•ื ื™ืŸ ื”ืฆื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ืงื•ืจื ืขืžื”ืŸ ื•ืœื ื™ื’ื‘ื™ื” ืงื•ืœื• ื‘ืขืช ืฉื”ืŸ ืขื•ื ื™ืŸ ืขืžื• ื•ืื—ื“ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื•ืื—ื“ ื”ืฉ"ืฅ ื‘ืขืฉืจื” ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืžืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ืขื“ ื™ื•ื”"ื› ืื•ืžืจ ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื‘ืจื›ื” ื–ื• ื›ืืžื•ืจ ื•ื™ื’ื‘ื” ื™"ื™ ืฆื‘ืื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืคื˜ ื•ื”ืืœ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื ืงื“ืฉ ื‘ืฆื“ืงื” ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื™"ื™ ื”ืžืœืš ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ืฉืœื™ื— ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืื•ืžืจ ืงื“ื™ืฉ ืœืขื•ืœื ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ ืชืคืœื” ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืœ ืชืคืœื” ื•ืื—ืจ ืฉืื•ืžืจ ืกื“ืจ ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช ืฉื™ืืžืจ ืกื“ืจ ื”ื™ื•ื ื™ืชื—ื ืŸ ืžืขื˜ ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืงื“ื™ืฉ ื•ื›ืฉื™ืฉืœื™ื ืœืงืจื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช ืฉื™ืชื—ื ืŸ ื‘ืจื‘ืจื™ ืชื—ื ื•ื ื™ื ื›ืฉื™ื’ืžื•ืจ ืชื—ื ื•ื ื™ื• ื™ืืžืจ ืงื“ื™ืฉ:
ื ื•ืกื— ื”ืงื“ื™ืฉ:
ื™ืชื’ื“ืœ ื•ื™ืชืงื“ืฉ ืฉืžื™ื” ืจื‘ื ื‘ืขืœืžื ื“ื‘ืจื ื›ืจืขื•ืชื™ื” ื•ื™ืžืœื™ืš ืžืœื›ื•ืชื™ื” ื•ื™ืฆืžื— ืคื•ืจืงื ื™ื” ื•ื™ืงืจื‘ ืžืฉื™ื—ื™ื” ื•ื™ืคืจื•ืง ืขืžื™ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื™ื•ืžื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื”ื•ืŸ ื“ื›ืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืขื’ืœื ื•ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืงืจื™ื‘ ื•ืืžืจื• ืืžืŸ ื™ื”ื ืฉืžื™ื” ืจื‘ื ืžื‘ืจืš ืœืขืœื ื•ืœืขืœืžื™ ืขืœืžื™ื ื™ืชื‘ืจืš ื•ื›ื•' ื‘ืขืช ืฉื™ืืžืจ ืฉืœื™ื— ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื™ืชื’ื“ืœ ื•ื™ืชืงื“ืฉ ืฉืžื™ื” ืจื‘ื ื›ืœ ื”ืขื ืขื•ื ื™ืŸ ืืžืŸ ื•ื‘ืขืช ืฉื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ืชื—ืœื” ื•ืืžืจื• ืืžืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ืขื ืขื•ื ื™ืŸ ืืžืŸ ื™ื”ื ืฉืžื™ื” ืจื‘ื ืžื‘ืจืš ืœืขืœื ื•ืœืขืœืžื™ ืขืœืžื™ื ื•ืžืฆื•ืช ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœืขื ื•ืช ืืžืŸ ื™ื”ื ืฉืžื™ื” ืจื‘ื ืžื‘ืจืš ื‘ื›ืœ ื›ื—ื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื ื•ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ื™ืชื‘ืจืš ื›ืœ ื”ืขื ืขื•ื ื™ืŸ ืืžืŸ ื•ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ื‘ืจื™ืš ื”ื•ื ื›ืœ ื”ืขื ืขื•ื ื™ืŸ ืืžืŸ ื•ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื•ืืžืจื• ืืžืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ืขื ืขื•ื ื™ืŸ ืืžืŸ ื•ื›ืกื“ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืขื•ื ื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ืงื“ื™ืฉ ื•ืงื“ื™ืฉ ืงื“ื™ืฉ ื‘ืชืจื ื›ืœ ืงื“ื™ืฉ ืฉืื•ืžืจ ืฉืœื™ื— ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืื—ืจ ืฉื’ื•ืžืจ ื”ืชืคืœื” ืฉืื™ื ื• ืื•ืžืจ ืื—ืจื™ื• ื›ืœื•ื ืืœื ื›ืœ ื”ืขื ืฉื•ืžืขื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ื•ื ืคื˜ืจื™ืŸ ื ื”ื’ื• ื”ืขื ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ื ื•ืกื—ื ื–ื•:
ืชืชืงื‘ืœ ืฆืœื•ืชื”ื•ืŸ ื•ืชืชืขื‘ื“ ื‘ืขื•ืชื”ื•ืŸ ื•ืฆืœื•ืชื”ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ืขื•ืชื”ื•ืŸ ื“ื›ืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืงื“ื ืื‘ื•ื”ื•ืŸ ื“ื‘ืฉืžื™ื ื™ื”ื ืฉืœืžื ืจื‘ื ื•ืกื™ื™ืขืชื ื•ืคื•ืจืงื ื ืžืฉืžื™ื ืขืœื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื•ืขืœื ื ื•ืขืœ ืงื”ืœื”ื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืืžืจื• ืืžืŸ ืขื•ืฉื” ืฉืœื•ื ื‘ืžืจื•ืžื™ื• ื”ื•ื ื‘ืจื—ืžื™ื• ื™ืขืฉื” ืฉืœื•ื ืขืœื™ื ื• ื•ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืžืŸ:
ืงื“ื™ืฉ ื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ ื›ืœ ืขืฉืจื” ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื• ื™ืชืจ ืฉืขื•ืกืงื™ืŸ ื‘ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื” ืฉืขืœ ืคื” ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉื•ืช ืื• ื‘ื”ื’ื“ื•ืช ื›ืฉื”ืŸ ืžืกื™ื™ืžื™ืŸ ืื•ืžืจ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืŸ ืงื“ื™ืฉ ื‘ื ื•ืกื— ื–ื”:
ื™ืชื’ื“ืœ ื•ื™ืชืงื“ืฉ ืฉืžื™ื” ืจื‘ื ื“ืขืชื™ื“ ืœื—ื“ืชื ืขืœืžื ื•ืœืื—ื™ื™ื ืžืชื™ื™ื ื•ืœืžื™ืคืจืง ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืœืžื™ื‘ื ื™ ืงืจืชื ื“ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื ื•ืœืฉื›ืœืœื ื”ื™ื›ืœื ืงื“ื™ืฉื ื•ืœืžื™ืขืงืจ ืคื•ืœื—ื ื ื ื•ื›ืจืื” ืžืŸ ืืจืขื ื•ืœืืชื‘ื ืคื•ืœื—ื ื ื“ืฉืžื™ื ืœืืชืจื™ื” ื‘ื–ื™ื•ื™ื” ื•ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื” ื•ื™ืžืœื™ืš ืžืœื›ื•ืชื™ื” ื•ื›ื•' ืขื“ ื•ื ื—ืžืชื ื“ืืžื™ืจืŸ ื‘ืขืœืžื ื•ืืžืจื• ืืžืŸ ืขืœ ืจื‘ื ืŸ ื•ืขืœ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื”ื•ืŸ ื•ืขืœ ืชืžื™ื“ื™ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื”ื•ืŸ ื“ืขืกืงื™ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื ื“ื™ ื‘ืืชืจื ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ื“ื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ืืชืจ ื•ืืชืจ ื™ื”ื ืœื”ื•ืŸ ื•ืœื›ื•ืŸ ื—ื™ื ื ื•ื—ืกื“ื ื•ืจื—ืžื™ ื•ืกื™ื™ืขืชื ื•ืจื•ื•ื—ื ืžืงื“ื ืื‘ื•ื”ื•ืŸ ื“ื‘ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืืžืจื• ืืžืŸ ื™ื”ื ืฉืœืžื ื•ื›ื•' ื•ื–ื”ื• ื”ื ืงืจื ืงื“ื™ืฉ ื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ:
ืžื ื”ื’ื ื• ืœื”ืชื—ื ืŸ ื‘ื ืคื™ืœืช ืคื ื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ืืœื• ืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ื›ื•ืœืŸ ื•ืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ืžืงืฆืชืŸ ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืื ื™ ื›ื•ืจืข ื•ืžืฉืชื—ื•ื” ื•ืžืชื—ื ืŸ ืœืคื ื™ืš ืื“ื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืืœื”ื™ ื”ืืœื”ื™ื ื•ืื“ื•ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื•ื ื™ื ื›ื™ ืœื ืขืœ ืฆื“ืงื•ืชื™ื ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืคื™ืœื™ื ืชื—ื ื•ื ื™ื ื• ืœืคื ื™ืš ื›ื™ ืขืœ ืจื—ืžื™ืš ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ื™ื™' ืฉืžืขื” ื™ื™' ืกืœื—ื” ื™ื™' ื”ืงืฉื™ื‘ื” ื•ืขืฉื” ืืœ ืชืื—ืจ ืžื” ื ืืžืจ ืœืคื ื™ืš ื”ืฉื ืžื” ื ื“ื‘ืจ ื•ืžื” ื ืฆื˜ื“ืง ื—ื˜ืื ื• ืขื•ื™ื ื• ื•ื”ืจืฉืขื ื• ื•ืžืจื“ื ื• ื•ืกืจื ื• ืžืžืฆื•ืชื™ืš ื•ืžืžืฉืคื˜ื™ืš ืœืš ื™ื™' ื”ืฆื“ืงื” ื•ืœื ื• ื‘ืฉืช ื”ืคื ื™ื ื”ื•ืฉื—ืจื• ืคื ื™ื ื• ืžืคื ื™ ื—ื˜ืืชื™ื ื• ื•ื ื›ืคืคื” ืงื•ืžืชื ื• ืžืคื ื™ ืืฉืžื•ืชื™ื ื• ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ืคื” ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ ื•ืœื ืžืฆื— ืœื”ืจื™ื ืจืืฉ ืืœื”ื™ ื‘ื•ืฉืชื™ ื•ื ื›ืœืžืชื™ ืœื”ืจื™ื ืืœื”ื™ ืคื ื™ ืืœื™ืš ื›ื™ ืขื•ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืจื‘ื• ืขื“ ืœืžืขืœื” ืจืืฉ ื•ืืฉืžืชื ื• ื’ื“ืœื” ืขื“ ืœืฉืžื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื• ืžืขืฉื™ื ืขืฉื” ืขืžื ื• ืฆื“ืงื” ืœืžืขืŸ ืฉืžืš ื•ื”ื•ืฉื™ืขื ื• ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื‘ื˜ื—ืชื ื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื ื‘ื™ืืš ืœืžืขืŸ ืฉืžื™ ืืืจื™ืš ืืคื™ ื•ืชื”ืœืชื™ ืื—ื˜ื ืœืš ืœื‘ืœืชื™ ื”ื›ืจื™ืชืš ืœื ืœืžืขื ื›ื ืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื” ื‘ื™ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ื™ ืื ืœืฉื ืงื“ืฉื™ ืืฉืจ ื—ืœืœืชื ื‘ื’ื•ื™ื ืืฉืจ ื‘ืืชื ืฉื ืœื ืœื ื• ื™ื™' ืœื ืœื ื• ื›ื™ ืœืฉืžืš ืชืŸ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืขืœ ื—ืกื“ืš ืขืœ ืืžืชืš ืœืžื” ื™ืืžืจื• ื”ื’ื•ื™ื ืื™ื” ื ื ืืœื”ื™ื”ื ืื ื ื™ื™' ืืœ ืชืคืŸ ืืœ ืงืฉื™ ื”ืขื ื”ื–ื” ื•ืืœ ืจืฉืขื• ื•ืืœ ื—ื˜ืืชื• ืกืœื— ื ื ืœืขื•ืŸ ื”ืขื ื”ื–ื” ื›ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื—ืกื“ืš ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื ืฉืืชื” ืœืขื ื”ื–ื” ืžืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ืขื“ ื”ื ื” ื•ืกืœื—ืช ืœืขื•ื ื ื• ื›ื™ ืจื‘ ื”ื•ื ื™ื™' ืฉืžืขื” ื™ื™' ืกืœื—ื” ื™ื™' ื”ืงืฉื™ื‘ื” ื•ืขืฉื” ื•ืืœ ืชืื—ืจ ืœืžืขื ืš ืืœื”ื™ ื›ื™ ืฉืžืš ื ืงืจื ืขืœ ืขื™ืจืš ื•ืขืœ ืขืžืš:
ื ื”ื’ื• ื”ืขื ืœื”ืชื—ื ืŸ ืื—ืจ ื ืคื™ืœืช ืคื ื™ื ื›ืฉืžื’ื‘ื™ื” ืคื ื™ื• ืžืŸ ื”ืงืจืงืข ื‘ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ืืœื•:
ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื ื“ืข ืžื” ื ืขืฉื” ื›ื™ ืขืœื™ืš ืขื™ื ื™ื ื• ื–ื›ืจ ืจื—ืžื™ืš ื™ื™' ื•ื—ืกื“ื™ืš ื›ื™ ืžืขื•ืœื ื”ืžื” ืืœ ืชื–ื›ื•ืจ ืœื ื• ืขื•ื ื•ืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืžื”ืจ ื™ืงื“ืžื•ื ื• ืจื—ืžื™ืš ื›ื™ ื“ืœื•ื ื• ืžืื“ ืงื•ืžื” ืขื–ืจืชื” ืœื ื• ื•ืคื“ื ื• ืœืžืขืŸ ื—ืกื“ืš ื™ื”ื™ ื—ืกื“ืš ื™ื™' ืขืœื™ื ื• ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ื—ืœื ื• ืœืš ืื ืขื•ื ื•ืช ืชืฉืžืจ ื™ื” ื™ื™' ืžื™ ื™ืขืžื•ื“ ื›ื™ ืขืžืš ื”ืกืœื™ื—ื” ืœืžืขืŸ ืชื•ืจื ื™ื™' ื”ื•ืฉื™ืขื” ื”ืžืœืš ื™ืขื ื ื• ื‘ื™ื•ื ืงืจืื ื• ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื™ื“ืข ื™ืฆืจื ื• ื–ื›ื•ืจ ื›ื™ ืขืคืจ ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื–ืจื ื• ืืœื”ื™ ื™ืฉืขื ื• ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉืžืš ื•ื”ืฆื™ืœื ื• ื•ื›ืคืจ ืขืœ ื—ื˜ืืชื™ื ื• ืœืžืขืŸ ืฉืžืš:
ื•ื›ืŸ ื ื”ื’ื• ื”ืขื ืœื”ืชื—ื ืŸ ืื—ืจ ืกื“ืจ ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ืชื—ื ื•ื ื™ื ืืœื•:
ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ ืื‘ืจื”ื ื™ืฆื—ืง ื•ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืฉืžืจื” ื–ืืช ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื™ืฆืจ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืœื‘ื‘ ืขืžืš ื•ื”ื›ืŸ ืœื‘ื‘ื ืืœื™ืš ื•ื”ื•ื ืจื—ื•ื ื™ื›ืคืจ ืขื•ืŸ ื•ื’ื•' ื›ื™ ืืชื” ื™ื™' ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืกืœื— ื•ืจื‘ ื—ืกื“ ืœื›ืœ ืงื•ืจืื™ืš ืฆื“ืงืชืš ืฆื“ืง ืœืขื•ืœื ื•ืชื•ืจืชืš ืืžืช ืžื™ ืืœ ื›ืžื•ืš ื ื•ืฉื ืขื•ืŸ ื•ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืคืฉืข ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื™ืจื—ืžื ื• ื™ื›ื‘ื•ืฉ ืขื•ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื•ื’ื•' ื‘ืจื•ืš ื™ื™' ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ื ื™ืขืžืก ืœื ื• ื”ืืœ ื™ืฉื•ืขืชื ื• ืกืœื” ื™ื™' ืฆื‘ืื•ืช ืขืžื ื• ืžืฉื’ื‘ ืœื ื• ืืœื”ื™ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืกืœื” ื™ื™' ืฆื‘ืื•ืช ืืฉืจื™ ืื“ื ื‘ื•ื˜ื— ื‘ืš ื‘ืจื•ืš ืื“ื•ื ื ื• ื‘ืจื•ืš ื‘ื•ืจืื ื• ื‘ืจื•ืš ืฉื‘ืจืื ื• ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ื• ื•ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืœื ื• ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืขื™ื ื•ื ืชืŸ ืœื ื• ืชื•ืจืช ืืžืชืข"ื™ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื•ื—ื™ื™ ืขื•ืœื ื ื˜ืข ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื• ื”ืจื—ืžืŸ ื™ืคืชื— ืœื‘ื ื• ืœืชืœืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจืชื• ื•ื™ืชืŸ ื‘ืœื‘ื ื• ืื”ื‘ืชื• ื•ื™ืจืืชื• ื•ืชื•ืจืชื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืจืฆื•ื ื• ื•ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื• ื‘ืœื‘ื‘ ืฉืœื ื•ื‘ื ืคืฉ ื—ืคืฆื” ืœืžืขืŸ ืœื ื ื™ื’ืข ืœืจื™ืง ื•ืœื ื ืœื“ ืœื‘ื”ืœื” ื›ืŸ ื™ื”ื™ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื•ืจื—ืžื™ื ืžืœืคื ื™ืš ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ืฉื ื—ื™ื” ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ื—ืงื™ืš ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื” ื•ืœื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื™ื— ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื ื–ื›ื” ื•ื ื™ืจืฉ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื—ื™ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื ืœืžืขืŸ ื™ื–ืžืจืš ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื•ืœื ื™ื“ื•ื ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ ืœืขื•ืœื ืื•ื“ืš ื™ื”ื™ื• ืœืจืฆื•ืŸ ืืžืจื™ ืคื™ ื•ื”ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ื™ ืœืคื ื™ืš ื™ื™' ืฆื•ืจื™ ื•ื’ื•ืืœื™:
ื ื”ื’ื• ืžืงืฆืช ื”ืขื ืœืงืจื•ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืื—ืจ ืชื—ื ื•ื ื™ื ืืœื• ืฉื™ืจ ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื• ื”ืœื•ื™ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ื™ื•ื ื•ืงื•ืจื™ืŸ ืœื“ื•ื“ ืืœื™ืš ื™ื™' ื ืคืฉื™ ืืฉื ื›ืœ ื”ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ื•ืงื•ืจื™ืŸ ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืืœืขื–ืจ ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื—ื ื™ื ื ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืžืจื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื•ื ื•ื›ื•' ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ืื™ืŸ ื›ืื“ื•ื ื ื• ืื™ืŸ ื›ืžืœื›ื ื• ืื™ืŸ ื›ืžื•ืฉื™ืขื ื• ืžื™ ื›ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ืžื™ ื›ืื“ื•ื ื ื• ืžื™ ื›ืžืœื›ื ื• ืžื™ ื›ืžื•ืฉื™ืขื ื• ื ื•ื“ื” ืœืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื ื•ื“ื” ืœืื“ื•ื ื ื• ื ื•ื“ื” ืœืžืœื›ื ื• ื ื•ื“ื” ืœืžื•ืฉื™ืขื ื• ืืชื” ื”ื•ื ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ืืชื” ื”ื•ื ืื“ื•ื ื ื• ืืชื” ื”ื•ื ืžืœื›ื ื• ืืชื” ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืฉื™ืขื ื• ืืชื” ืชืงื•ื ืชืจื—ื ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื›ื™ ืขืช ืœื—ื ื ื” ื›ื™ ื‘ื ืžื•ืขื“ ืืš ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื™ื•ื“ื• ืœืฉืžืš ื™ืฉื‘ื• ื™ืฉืจื™ื ืืช ืคื ื™ืš ื•ื™ื‘ื˜ื—ื• ื‘ืš ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ ืฉืžืš ื›ื™ ืœื ืขื–ื‘ืช ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ืš ื™ื™' ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืขืžื™ื ื™ืœื›ื• ืื™ืฉ ื‘ืฉื ืืœื”ื™ื• ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืœืš ื‘ืฉื ื™ื™ ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ืœืขื•ืœื ื•ืขื“ ื›ื‘ืจ ืืžืจื ื• ื‘ืกืคืจ ื”ื–ื” ืฉื‘ื™ืžื™ ื”ืฉื‘ืชื•ืช ื•ื™ืžื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืžืชืคืœืœ ืื“ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืชืคืœื” ืฉื‘ืข ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืฉืœืฉ ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืฉืœืฉ ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืจื›ื” ืื—ืช ืืžืฆืขื™ืช ืžืขื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื•ื ื•ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ื•ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื‘ืœ ืžืชืคืœืœ ื‘ืืžืฆืข ืฉืœืฉ ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืชืคืœืช ืžื•ืกืฃ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื•ื ืžืฆื ืžืชืคืœืœ ื‘ืžื•ืกืฃ ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื• ืชืฉืข ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืžื•ืกืฃ ืจืืฉ ื—ื“ืฉ ื•ื‘ืžื•ืกืฃ ื—ื•ืœื• ืฉืœ ืžื•ืขื“ ืžืชืคืœืœ ืฉื‘ืข ืฉืœืฉ ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืฉืœืฉ ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืจื›ื” ืื—ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืข:
Part 3
ืกื“ืจ ืชืคืœื•ืช ื—ืœืง ืฉืœื™ืฉื™
ื. ื•ื–ื”ื• ื ื•ืกื— ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืืžืฆืขื™ื•ืช:
ื‘ืจื›ื” ืืžืฆืขื™ืช ืฉืœ ืœื™ืœื™ ืฉื‘ืช ืืชื” ืงื“ืฉืช ืืช ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ ืœืฉืžืš ืชื›ืœื™ืช ืžืขืฉื” ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืืจืฅ ื•ื‘ืจื›ืชื• ืžื›ืœ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื•ืงื“ืฉืชื• ืžื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ื›ืืžื•ืจ ื•ื™ื‘ืจืš ืืœื”ื™ื ืืช ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ ื•ื™ืงื“ืฉ ืื•ืชื• ื•ื’ื•' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื•ืืœื”ื™ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืจืฆื” ื ื ื‘ืžื ื•ื—ืชื ื• ื•ื›ื•' ื‘ืจื›ื” ืืžืฆืขื™ืช ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืฆืจ ื™ืฉืžื— ืžืฉื” ื‘ืžืชื ืช ื—ืœืงื• ื›ื™ ืขื‘ื“ ื ืืžืŸ ืงืจืืช ืœื• ื›ืœื™ืœ ืชืคืืจืช ื‘ืจืืฉื• ื ืชืช ื‘ืขืžื“ื• ืœืคื ื™ืš ืขืœ ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™ ื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ื‘ื™ื“ื• ืฉื ื™ ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ืื‘ื ื™ื ื•ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ื”ืŸ ืฉืžื™ืจืช ืฉื‘ืช ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืชื•ืจืชืš ื•ืฉืžืจื• ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื›ื•' ื™ืฉืžื—ื• ื‘ืžืœื›ื•ืชืš ืฉื•ืžืจื™ ืฉื‘ืช ืงื•ืจืื™ ืขื•ื ื’ ืขื ืžืงื“ืฉื™ ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื•ืืœื”ื™ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืจืฆื” ื ื ื‘ืžื ื•ื—ืชื ื• ื›ื•' ืขื“ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื™ื™' ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืจื›ื” ืืžืฆืขื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžื•ืกืฃ ืฉื‘ืช ืœืžืฉื” ืฆื•ื™ืช ืขืœ ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™ ืžืฆื•ืช ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืžื•ืจ ื•ื–ื›ื•ืจ ื•ื‘ื• ืฆื•ื™ืชื ื• ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ืœืš ืงืจื‘ืŸ ืžื•ืกืฃ ื›ืจืื•ื™ ื™ื”ื™ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืžืœืคื ื™ืš ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ืฉืชืขืœื ื• ืœืืจืฆื ื• ื•ื›ื•' ื•ืืช ืžื•ืกืฃ ื™ื•ื ื”ืžื ื•ื— ื”ื–ื” ื ืขืฉื” ื•ื ืงืจื™ื‘ ื›ื•' ืขื“ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืฉื” ืขื‘ื“ืš ื•ืœื ื ืชืชื• ืžืœื›ื ื• ืœื’ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืืจืฆื•ืช ื•ืœื ื”ื ื—ืœืชื ื• ืžืœื›ื ื• ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ืืœื™ืœื™ื ื’ื ื‘ืžื ื•ื—ืชื• ืœื ื™ืฉื›ื ื• ืขืจืœื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ืชืชื• ื–ืจืข ื™ืฉื•ืจื•ืŸ ืืฉืจ ื‘ื ื‘ื—ืจืช ื—ืžื“ืช ื™ืžื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืงืจืืช ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื•ืืœื”ื™ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืจืฆื” ื ื ื‘ืžื ื•ื—ืชื ื• ื›ื•' ืขื“ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื™ื™' ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืจื›ื” ืืžืฆืขื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžื ื—ืช ืฉื‘ืช ืืชื” ืื—ื“ ื•ืฉืžืš ืื—ื“ ื•ืžื™ ื›ืขืžืš ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื’ื•ื™ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืืจืฅ ืขื˜ืจืช ืชื”ืœื” ื•ืขื˜ืจืช ื™ืฉื•ืขื” ืœืขืžืš ื ืชืช ืื‘ืจื”ื ื™ื’ืœ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื™ืจื ืŸ ื™ืขืงื‘ ื•ื‘ื ื™ื• ื™ื ื•ื—ื• ื‘ื• ืžื ื•ื—ื” ืฉืœื™ืžื” ืฉืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ื‘ื” ื™ื›ื™ืจื• ื‘ื ื™ืš ื•ื™ื“ืขื• ื›ื™ ืžืืชืš ื”ื™ื ืžื ื•ื—ืชื ืชื ื—ื™ืœื ื• ืื‘ื™ื ื• ื•ืืœ ืชื”ื™ ืฆืจื” ื•ื™ื’ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ื ืžื ื•ื—ืชื ื• ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื•ืืœื”ื™ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื•ื›ื•':
ื‘ืจื›ื” ืืžืฆืขื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžื•ืกืฃ ืจ"ื— ืจืืฉื™ ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืœืขืžืš ื ืชืช ื–ืžืŸ ื›ืคืจื” ืœื›ืœ ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืชื ืœื”ื™ื•ืชื ืžืงืจื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ืš ื–ื‘ื—ื™ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื•ืฉืขื™ืจื™ ื—ื˜ืืช ืœื›ืคืจ ื‘ืขื“ื ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืœื›ื•ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืชืฉื•ืขืช ื ืคืฉื ืžื™ื“ ืฉื•ื ื ืžื–ื‘ื— ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืชื›ื™ืŸ ื•ืขื•ืœืช ืจืืฉ ื—ื“ืฉ ื ืขืœื” ืขืœื™ื• ืฉื™ืจื™ ื“ื•ื“ ื ืฉืžืข ื‘ืขื™ืจืš ื”ืืžื•ืจื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ืžื–ื‘ื—ืš ืื”ื‘ืช ืขื•ืœื ืชื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื ื•ื‘ืจื™ืช ืื‘ื•ืช ืœื‘ื ื™ื ืชื–ื›ื•ืจ ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื•ืืœื”ื™ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืžืคื ื™ ื—ื˜ืื™ื ื• ื’ืœื™ื ื• ืžืืจืฆื ื• ื•ื ืชืจื—ืงื ื• ืžืขืœ ืื“ืžืชื ื• ื™ื”ื™ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืžืœืคื ื™ืš ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ืฉืชืขืœื ื• ืœืืจืฆื ื• ื•ืืช ืžื•ืกืฃ ื™ื•ื ืจืืฉ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ื›ื•' ืขื“ืข"ื™ืžืฉื” ืขื‘ื“ืš ื™ื”ื™ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืžืœืคื ื™ืš ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื•ืืœื”ื™ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืฉืชื—ื“ืฉ ืขืœื™ื ื• ืืช ืจืืฉ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ืœื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื•ืœื‘ืจื›ื” ืœื—ืŸ ื•ืœื—ืกื“ ื•ืœืจื—ืžื™ื ืœื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืœืฉืœื•ื ื•ื™ื”ื™ ืจืืฉ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ืงืฅ ื•ืกื•ืฃ ืœื›ืœ ื—ื˜ืืชื™ื ื• ื•ืฆืจื•ืชื™ื ื• ืชื—ืœื” ื•ืจืืฉ ืœืคื“ื•ืช ื ืคืฉื ื• ื›ื™ ื‘ืขืžืš ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื›ืœ ื”ืื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ื—ืจืช ื•ืจืืฉื™ ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืœื”ื ื ืชืช ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื™ื™' ืžืงื“ืฉ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืจืืฉื™ ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื‘ืจื›ื” ืืžืฆืขื™ืช ืžืžื•ืกืฃ ืจืืฉ ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉื—ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืืชื” ื™ืฆืจืช ืขื•ืœืžืš ืžืงื“ื ื›ืœื™ืช ืžืœืื›ืชืš ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ ื‘ื—ืจืช ื‘ื ื• ืžื›ืœ ื”ืขืžื™ื ื•ืจืฆื™ืช ื‘ื ื• ืžื›ืœ ื”ืœืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืงื“ืฉืชื ื• ื‘ืžืฆื•ืชื™ืš ื•ืงืจื‘ืชื ื• ืžืœื›ื ื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืชืš ื•ืฉืžืš ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ืขืœื™ื ื• ืงืจืืช ื•ืชืชืŸ ืœื ื• ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ืฉื‘ืชื•ืช ืœืžื ื•ื—ื” ื•ื™ื•ื ืจืืฉ ื—ื“ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ืœื›ืคืจ ื‘ืขื“ื ื• ืฉื—ื˜ืื ื• ืœืคื ื™ืš ื•ืžืคื ื™ ื—ื˜ืื™ื ื• ื•ื›ื•' ืขื“ ื•ืžื•ืกืคื™ื ื›ื”ืœื›ืชืŸ ื•ืืช ืžื•ืกืคื™ ื™ื•ื ื”ืžื ื•ื— ื”ื–ื” ื•ื™ื•ื ืจืืฉ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ื ืขืฉื” ื•ื ืงืจื™ื‘ ืืช ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืชืžื™ื“ื™ืŸ ื›ืกื“ืจืŸ ื›ืžืฆื•ืช ืจืฆื•ื ืš ื›ืžื• ืฉื›ืชื‘ืช ืขืœื™ื ื• ื‘ืชื•ืจืชืš ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืฉื” ืขื‘ื“ืš ื™ื”ื™ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืžืœืคื ื™ืš ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื•ืืœื”ื™ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืฉืชื—ื“ืฉ ื•ื›ื•' ืขื“ ืœืคื“ื•ืช ื ืคืฉื ื• ืจืฆื” ื ื ื‘ืžื ื•ื—ืชื ื• ื•ืงื“ืฉื ื• ื‘ืžืฆื•ืชื™ืš ื›ื•' ืขื“ ื•ื™ื ื•ื—ื• ื‘ื ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ ืฉืžืš ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื™ื™' ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื•ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืจืืฉื™ ื—ื“ืฉื™ื:
ื‘ืจื›ื” ืืžืฆืขื™ืช ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ืคืกื— ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ืฉื—ืจื™ืช ื•ืžื ื—ื” ืืชื” ื‘ื—ืจืชื ื• ืžื›ืœ ื”ืขืžื™ื ืื”ื‘ืช ืื•ืชื ื• ื•ืจืฆื™ืช ื‘ื ื• ืžื›ืœ ื”ืœืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืงื“ืฉืชื ื• ื‘ืžืฆื•ืชื™ืš ื•ืงืจื‘ืชื ื• ืžืœื›ื ื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืชืš ื•ืฉืžืš ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ืขืœื™ื ื• ืงืจืืช ื•ืชืชืŸ ืœื ื• ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื ืœืฉืžื—ื” ื—ื’ื™ื ื•ื–ืžื ื™ื ืœืฉืฉื•ืŸ ืืช ื™ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžืงืจื ืงื“ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ืืช ื™ื•ื ื—ื’ ื”ืžืฆื•ืช ื”ื–ื” ื–ืžืŸ ื—ื™ืจื•ืชื ื• ื‘ืื”ื‘ื” ื–ื›ืจ ืœื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื•ืืœื”ื™ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื™ืขืœื” ื•ื™ื‘ื ื›ื•' ื•ื”ืฉื™ืื ื• ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ืืช ื‘ืจื›ืช ืžื•ืขื“ื™ืš ืœื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืœืฉืœื•ื ื›ืืฉืจ ืืžืจืช ื•ืจืฆื™ืช ืœื‘ืจื›ื ื• ื›ืŸ ืชื‘ืจื›ื ื• ืกืœื” ื•ืชืŸ ื—ืœืงื ื• ื‘ืชื•ืจืชืš ื•ืฉืžื— ื ืคืฉื ื• ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืขืชืš ื•ื›ื•' ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื™ื™' ืžืงื“ืฉ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื:
ื‘ืจื›ื” ืืžืฆืขื™ืช ืžืžื•ืกืฃ ื”ืคืกื— ืืชื” ื‘ื—ืจืชื ื• ืžื›ืœ ื”ืขืžื™ื ื›ื•' ืขื“ ื–ื›ืจ ืœื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ืžืคื ื™ ื—ื˜ืื™ื ื• ื’ืœื™ื ื• ืžืืจืฆื ื• ื•ื ืชืจื—ืงื ื• ืžืขืœ ืื“ืžืชื ื• ื•ืื™ืŸ ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืœืขืœื•ืช ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืฉืชื—ื•ื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ืš ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ื—ื™ืจืชืš ื‘ื ื•ื” ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ืฉื ืงืจื ืฉืžืš ืขืœื™ื• ืžืคื ื™ ื”ื™ื“ ืฉื ืฉืชืœื—ื” ื‘ืžืงื“ืฉืš ื™ื”ื™ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืžืœืคื ื™ืš ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ืฉืชืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืชืจื—ื ืขืœื™ื• ื•ืขืœื™ื ื• ื‘ืจื—ืžื™ืš ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ืชืงื‘ืฅ ืคื–ื•ืจื™ื ื• ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื•ื™ื ื•ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืชื™ื ื• ื›ื ืก ืžื™ืจื›ืชื™ ืืจืฅ ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืื ื• ืœืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืขื™ืจืš ื‘ืจื ื” ื•ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ื™ืช ืžืงื“ืฉืš ื‘ืฉืžื—ืช ืขื•ืœื ื•ืฉื ื ืขืฉื” ืœืคื ื™ืš ืืช ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืชืžื™ื“ื™ืŸ ื›ืกื“ืจืŸ ื•ืžื•ืกืคื™ืŸ ื›ื”ืœื›ืชืŸ ื•ืืช ืžื•ืกืฃ ื™ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžืงืจื ืงื“ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ื™ื•ื ื—ื’ ื”ืžืฆื•ืช ื”ื–ื” ื ืขืฉื” ื•ื ืงืจื™ื‘ ืœืคื ื™ืš ื›ืžืฆื•ืช ืจืฆื•ื ืš ื›ืžื• ืฉื›ืชื‘ืช ืขืœื™ื ื• ื‘ืชื•ืจืชืšืข"ื™ืžืฉื” ืขื‘ื“ืš ืžืœืš ืจื—ืžืŸ ืจื—ื ืขืœื™ื ื• ื•ื›ื•' ื•ื”ืฉื™ืื ื• ื•ื›ื•' ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื™ื™' ืžืงื“ืฉ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ื•ื‘ื ื•ืกื— ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืžืชืคืœืœ ื‘ื—ื’ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื•ื‘ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืœื ื—ืกืจื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ืœื ื™ืชืจ ืืœื ืฉื‘ื—ื’ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ืืช ื™ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžืงืจื ืงื“ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ืืช ื™ื•ื ื—ื’ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ื–ื” ื–ืžืŸ ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจืชื ื• ื‘ืื”ื‘ื” ื–ื›ืจ ืœื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ื‘ืžื•ืกืฃ ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ื•ืืช ืžื•ืกืฃ ื™ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžืงืจื ืงื“ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ื™ื•ื ื—ื’ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ื–ื” ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืกื•ื›ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ืืช ื™ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžืงืจื ืงื“ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ื™ื•ื ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช ื”ื–ื” ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืžื—ืชื ื• ื‘ืื”ื‘ื” ื•ื›ื•' ื•ื‘ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ืขืฆืจืช ืื•ืžืจ ืืช ื™ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžืงืจื ืงื“ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ืืช ื™ื•ื ื—ื’ ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ืขืฆืจืช ื”ื–ื” ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืžื—ืชื ื• ื›ื•' ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืžื•ืกืฃ ืื•ืžืจ ื•ืืช ืžื•ืกืฃ ื™ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžืงืจื ืงื“ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ื™ื•ื ื—ื’ ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ื›ื•':
ื•ืื ื—ืœ ื™ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืื•ืžืจ ืืชื” ื‘ื—ืจืชื ื• ื›ื•' ืขื“ ื•ืชืชืŸ ืœื ื• ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ืฉื‘ืชื•ืช ืœืžื ื•ื—ื” ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื ืœืฉืžื—ื” ื—ื’ื™ื ื•ื–ืžื ื™ื ืœืฉืฉื•ืŸ ืืช ื™ื•ื ื”ืžื ื•ื— ื”ื–ื” ื•ืืช ื™ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžืงืจื ืงื“ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ืืช ื™ื•ื ืคืœื•ื ื™ ื›ื•' ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืžื•ืกืฃ ืื•ืžืจ ื•ืืช ืžื•ืกืคื™ ื™ื•ื ื”ืžื ื•ื— ื”ื–ื” ื›ื•' ื•ืขืœ ื“ืจืš ื–ื• ื”ื•ื ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ื•ื‘ื™ื•ื”"ื› ืื ื—ืœื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉืืจ ืชืคืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžื•ืกืฃ ื•ื—ื•ืชื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืชืคืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉืœืฉ ืจื’ืœื™ื ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื•ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ื•ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ื—ื•ืชื ืžืœืš ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื•ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื™ื•ื ื”ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ืคื•ืจื™ื ืžืœืš ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื•ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื™ื•ื”"ื› ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ื ื”ื’ื• ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืขื ืžืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ื•ืขื“ ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ืคื•ืจื™ื ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื‘ื›ืœ ืชืคืœื” ื‘ืขืฉืจืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ื–ื›ืจื ื• ืœื—ื™ื™ื ื›ื•' ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื™ื™' ืžื’ืŸ ืื‘ืจื”ื ื•ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื” ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืžื™ ื›ืžื•ืš ืื‘ ื”ืจื—ืžื™ื ื–ื•ื›ืจ ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื• ื‘ืจื—ืžื™ื ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื™ื™' ืžื—ื™ื” ื”ืžืชื™ื ื•ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช ื™"ื— ื–ื›ื•ืจ ืจื—ืžื™ืš ื•ื›ื•' ื•ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื” ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ืŸ ื•ื‘ืกืคืจ ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ื›ื•' ื•ื‘ืชืคืœืช ื ืขื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื ื”ืฆื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื” ื–ื›ืจื ื• ืœื—ื™ื™ื ื—ืชืžื ื• ื•ื›ืœ ืืœื• ื”ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ืžื ื”ื’ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื•ื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื ื”ื’ื• ืฉืœื ื™ื•ืกื™ืคื• ื“ื‘ืจ:
ืžื ื”ื’ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฉืžื‘ืจื›ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื›ื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ื‘ื ื•ืกื— ื–ื” ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืชืคืœื” ื•ืชืคืœื” ืžืืจื‘ืข ื”ืชืคืœื•ืช ื•ื›ืŸ ื ื”ื’ื• ืžืงืฆืช ืœื‘ืจืš ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ื ื•ืกื— ื‘ื›ืœ ืชืคืœื” ื•ืชืคืœื” ืžื—ืžืฉ ืชืคืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื”"ื› ื•ื–ื”ื• ื ื•ืกื—ื”:
ืืชื” ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื•ืฉืžืš ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื•ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื™ื”ืœืœื•ืš ืกืœื” ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ ืชืŸ ืคื—ื“ืš ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืžืขืฉื™ืš ื•ืื™ืžืชืš ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื‘ืจืืช ื•ื™ื™ืจืื•ืš ื›ืœ ื”ืžืขืฉื™ื ื•ื™ืฉืชื—ื•ื• ืœืคื ื™ืš ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืจื•ืื™ื ื•ื™ืขืฉื• ื›ื•ืœื ืื’ื•ื“ื” ืื—ืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืจืฆื•ื ืš ื‘ืœื‘ื‘ ืฉืœื ื›ื•' ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ ืชืŸ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืœืขืžืš ืชื”ืœื” ืœื™ืจื™ืื™ืš ื•ืชืงื•ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืœื“ื•ืจืฉื™ืš ื•ืคืชื—ื•ืŸ ืคื” ืœืžื™ื—ืœื™ื ืœืš ืฉืžื—ื” ืœืืจืฆืš ืฉืฉื•ืŸ ืœืขื™ืจืš ื•ืฆืžื™ื—ืช ืงืจืŸ ืœื“ื•ื“ ืขื‘ื“ืš ื•ืขืจื™ื›ืช ื ืจ ืœื‘ืŸ ื™ืฉื™ ืžืฉื™ื—ืš ื‘ืžื”ืจื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื• ื•ืื– ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื™ืจืื• ื•ื™ืฉืžื—ื• ื•ื™ืฉืจื™ื ื™ืขืœื•ื–ื• ื•ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื ื›ื•' ื›ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืงื“ืฉืš ื™ืžืœื•ืš ื™ื™' ืœืขื•ืœื ืืœื”ื™ืš ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืœื“ื•ืจ ื•ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืœืœื•ื™ื” ื•ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื•ื™ื’ื‘ื” ื™ื™' ื•ื’ื•' ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื™ื™' ื”ืžืœืš ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื›ื” ืืžืฆืขื™ืช ืฉืœ ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ืฉื—ืจื™ืช ื•ืžื ื—ื” ืืชื” ื‘ื—ืจืชื ื• ืžื›ืœ ื”ืขืžื™ื ื›ื•' ื•ืชืชืŸ ืœื ื• ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ืืช ื™ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžืงืจื ืงื“ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืชืจื•ืขื” ื‘ืื”ื‘ื” ื–ื›ืจ ืœื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื•ืืœื”ื™ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื™ืขืœื” ื•ื™ื‘ื ื›ื•' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื•ืืœื”ื™ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืžืœื•ืš ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื• ื‘ื›ื‘ื•ื“ืš ื•ื”ื ืฉื ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ื‘ื™ืงืจืš ื•ื”ื•ืคืข ื‘ื”ื“ืจ ื’ืื•ืŸ ืขื•ื–ืš ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ ืชื‘ืœ ืืจืฆืš ื•ื™ื“ืข ื›ืœ ืคืขื•ืœ ื›ื™ ืืชื” ืคืขืœืชื• ื•ื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื›ื™ ืืชื” ื™ืฆืจืชื• ื•ื™ืืžืจ ื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ืจื•ื— ื•ื ืฉืžื” ื‘ืืคื• ื™ื™' ื•ื›ื•' ืงื“ืฉื ื• ื›ื•' ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื™ื™' ืžืœืš ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ืžืงื“ืฉ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื™ื•ื ื”ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ:
ื‘ืจื›ื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืฉืœืฉ ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืืžืฆืขื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื•ืกืฃ ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ืืชื” ื‘ื—ืจืชื ื• ื•ืžืคื ื™ ื—ื˜ืื™ื ื• ื›ื•' ื•ืืช ืžื•ืกืคื™ ื›ื•' ื›ืžื• ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืฉื‘ื— ืœืื“ื•ืŸ ื”ื›ืœ ืœืชืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืœื™ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืฉืœื ืขืฉื ื• ื›ื’ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืืจืฆื•ืช ื•ื›ื•' ืื•ื—ื™ืœื” ืœืืœ ืื—ืœื” ืคื ื™ื• ืืฉืืœื” ืžืžื ื• ืžืขื ื” ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืืฉืจ ื‘ืงื”ืœ ืขื ืืฉื™ืจื” ืขื•ื–ื• ืื‘ื™ืขื” ืจื ื ื•ืช ื‘ืขื“ ืžืคืขืœื™ื• ื›ื•' ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื™ื™' ืœืžื“ื ื™ ื—ื•ืงื™ืš ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื ืงื•ื” ืœืš ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืžื”ืจื” ื‘ืชืคืืจืช ืขื•ื–ืš ื•ื›ื•' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื•ืืœื”ื™ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืžืœื•ืš ื›ื•' ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื™ื™' ืžืœืš ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ืžืงื“ืฉ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื™ื•ื ื”ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืจืช ืขื•ืœื ื”ื™ื•ื ื™ืขืžื™ื“ ื‘ืžืฉืคื˜ ื›ืœ ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ ืขื•ืœื ืื ื›ื‘ื ื™ื ืื ื›ืขื‘ื“ื™ื ืื ื›ื‘ื ื™ื ืจื—ืžื ื• ื›ืจื—ื ืื‘ ืขืœ ื‘ื ื™ื ืื ื›ืขื‘ื“ื™ื ืขื™ื ื™ื ื• ืœืš ืชืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ื›ื•' ื‘ืจื›ื” ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืืชื” ื–ื•ื›ืจ ืžืขืฉื” ืขื•ืœื ื•ืคื•ืงื“ ื›ืœ ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ ืงื“ื ื›ื•' ื›ื™ ื–ื•ื›ืจ ื”ื ืฉื›ื—ื•ืช ืืชื” ื”ื•ื ืžืขื•ืœื ื•ืื™ืŸ ืฉื›ื—ื” ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืกื ื›ื‘ื•ื“ืš ื•ืขืงื“ืช ื™ืฆื—ืง ืœื–ืจืขื• ืชื–ื›ื•ืจ ื•ื›ื•' ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืจืช ืขื•ืœื ื”ื™ื•ื ื™ืขืžื™ื“ ื‘ืžืฉืคื˜ ื›ืœ ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ ืขื•ืœื ืื ื›ื‘ื ื™ื ืื ื›ืขื‘ื“ื™ื ืื ื›ื‘ื ื™ื ืจื—ืžื ื• ื›ืจื—ื ืื‘ ืขืœ ื‘ื ื™ื ื›ื•' ื‘ืจื›ื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ืืชื” ื ื’ืœื™ืช ื‘ืขื ืŸ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ืš ืขืœ ืขื ืงื“ืฉืš ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืžื ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื”ืฉืžืขืชื ืงื•ืœืš ื›ื•' ื›ื™ ืืชื” ืฉื•ืžืข ื›ื•' ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื™ื™' ืฉื•ืžืข ืชืจื•ืขื” ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืจืช ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•' ื›ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืœืžืขืœื”:
ื‘ืจื›ื” ืืžืฆืขื™ืช ืฉืœ ืฆื•ื ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ืคื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ื•ืฉื—ืจื™ืช ื•ืžื ื—ื” ื•ื ืขื™ืœื” ืืชื” ื‘ื—ืจืชื ื• ื›ื•' ื•ืชืชืŸ ืœื ื• ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ืืช ื™ื•ื”"ื› ื”ื–ื” ื•ืืช ื™ื•ื ืžืงืจื ืงื“ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ืœืžื—ื™ืœื” ื•ื›ื•' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื•ืืœื”ื™ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื™ืขืœื” ื•ื™ื‘ื•ื ื™ื’ื™ืข ื™ืจืื” ื•ื™ืจืฆื” ื™ืฉืžืข ื•ื™ืคืงื“ ื•ื™ื–ื›ืจ ืœืคื ื™ืš ื–ื›ืจื•ื ื ื• ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืขื™ืจืš ื•ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืžืฉื™ื— ื‘ืŸ ื“ื•ื“ ื•ื›ื•' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื•ืืœื”ื™ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืžื—ื•ืœ ืœืขื•ื ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื•ื›ื•' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื•ืืœื”ื™ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืžืœื•ืš ื›ื•' ืงื“ืฉื ื• ื›ื•' ื•ื“ื‘ืจืš ืืžืช ื•ืงื™ื™ื ื›ื•' ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื™ื™' ืžืœืš ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ืžืœืš ืžื•ื—ืœ ื•ืกื•ืœื— ื•ื›ื•' ื‘ืจื›ื” ืืžืฆืขื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžื•ืกืฃ ืืชื” ื‘ื—ืจืชื ื• ื•ืžืคื ื™ ื—ื˜ืื™ื ื• ื•ืืช ืžื•ืกืคื™ ื™ื•ื ืžืงืจื ืงื“ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ื ืขืฉื” ื•ื ืงืจื™ื‘ ืœืคื ื™ืš ื›ืžืฆื•ืช ืจืฆื•ื ืš ื›ื•' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื•ืืœื”ื™ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืžื—ื•ืœ ืœืขื•ื ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฆื•ื ื”ื›ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ื–ื” ืžื—ื” ื•ื”ืขื‘ืจ ืคืฉืขื™ื ื• ื›ื•' ืขื“ ื•ืžื‘ืœืขื“ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ืžืœืš ืžื•ื—ืœ ื•ืกื•ืœื— ื•ื›ื•' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื•ืืœื”ื™ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืžืœื•ืš ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื• ื‘ื›ื‘ื•ื“ืš ื•ื”ื ืฉื ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ื‘ื™ืงืจืš ื•ื”ื•ืคืข ื‘ื”ื“ืจ ื’ืื•ืŸ ืขื•ื–ืš ื•ื›ื•' ืขื“ ื•ืžืœื›ื•ืชื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืฉืœื” ืงื“ืฉื ื• ื‘ืžืฆื•ืชื™ืš ื•ืชืŸ ื—ืœืงื ื• ื‘ืชื•ืจืชืš ื•ืฉื‘ืขื ื• ืžื˜ื•ื‘ืš ื•ืฉืžื—ื ื• ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืขืชืš ื•ื˜ื”ืจ ืœื‘ื ื• ืœืขื‘ื“ืš ื‘ืืžืช ื•ื“ื‘ืจืš ื›ื•' ืขื“ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื™ื™' ืžืงื“ืฉ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ืคื•ืจื™ื ื ื”ื’ื• ื”ืขื ื‘ื›ืœ ืชืคืœื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืกืคื™ืŸ ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ื›ืžื• ืฉื›ืชื‘ืช ืขืœื™ื ื• ื‘ืชื•ืจืชืš ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืฉื” ืขื‘ื“ืš ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ืื•ืชื• ื”ื™ื•ื ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืงื•ืจื ืื•ืชื ื”ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ื•ืื ืœื ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืืžืจ ื›ืžื• ืฉื›ืชื‘ืช ืขืœื™ื ื• ื‘ืชื•ืจืชืš ืฉื•ื‘ ืื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ืš:
Part 4
ืกื“ืจ ืชืคืœื•ืช ื—ืœืง ืจื‘ื™ืขื™
ื ื•ืกื— ื”ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™:
ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื•ืืœื”ื™ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืชื‘ื ืœืคื ื™ืš ืชืคืœืชื ื• ื•ืืœ ืชืชืขืœื ืžืชื—ื ืชื ื• ืฉืื™ืŸ ืื ื• ืขื–ื™ ืคื ื™ื ื•ืงืฉื™ ืขื•ืจืฃ ืฉื ืืžืจ ืœืคื ื™ืš ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ืื ื—ื ื• ื•ืœื ื—ื˜ืื ื• ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ื•ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืืฉืžื ื• ื‘ื’ื“ื ื• ื’ื–ืœื ื• ื“ื‘ืจื ื• ื“ื•ืคื™ ื”ืขื•ื™ื ื• ื•ื”ืจืฉืขื ื• ื–ื“ื ื• ื—ืžืกื ื• ื›ื•' ืขื“ ื›ื™ ืืžืช ืขืฉื™ืช ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ืจืฉืขื ื• ืžื” ื ืืžืจ ืœืคื ื™ืš ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืžืจื•ื ื•ืžื” ื ืกืคืจ ืœืคื ื™ืš ืฉื•ื›ืŸ ืฉื—ืงื™ื ื”ืœื ื”ื ืกืชืจื•ืช ื•ื”ื ื’ืœื•ืช ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข ืจื–ื™ ืขื•ืœื ื•ืชืขืœื•ืžื•ืช ืกืชืจื™ ื›ืœ ื—ื™ ืืชื” ื—ื•ืคืฉ ื›ืœ ื—ื“ืจื™ ื‘ื˜ืŸ ื•ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ื›ืœื™ื•ืช ื•ืœื‘ ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื ืขืœื ืžืžืš ื•ืื™ืŸ ื ืกืชืจ ืžื ื’ื“ ืขื™ื ื™ืš ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ ื™ื”ื™ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืžืœืคื ื™ืš ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื•ืืœื”ื™ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืฉืชืžื—ื•ืœ ืœื ื• ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื—ื˜ืืชื™ื ื• ื•ืชื›ืคืจ ืœื ื• ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืขื•ื ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื•ืชืกืœื— ืœื ื• ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืคืฉืขื™ื ื•:
ืขืœ ื—ื˜ื ืฉื—ื˜ืื ื• ืœืคื ื™ืš ื‘ืื•ื ืก ื•ืข"ื— ืฉ"ืœ ื‘ื‘ืœื™ ื“ืขืช ืข"ื— ืฉ"ืœ ื‘ื’ืœื•ื™ ื•ืข"ื— ืฉ"ืœ ื‘ื“ืขืช ื•ื‘ืžืจืžื” ืข"ื— ืฉ"ืœ ื‘ื”ืจื”ื•ืจ ื”ืœื‘ ื•ืข"ื— ืฉ"ืœ ื‘ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ ืคื” ืข"ื— ืฉ"ืœ ื‘ื–ื“ื•ืŸ ื•ืข"ื— ืฉ"ืœ ื‘ื—ื•ื–ืง ื™ื“ ืข"ื— ืฉ"ืœ ื‘ื˜ื•ืžืืช ืฉืคืชื™ื ื•ืข"ื— ืฉ"ืœ ื‘ื™ืฆืจ ื”ืจืข ืข"ื— ืฉ"ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื•ืข"ื— ืฉ"ืœ ื‘ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืข"ื— ืฉ"ืœ ื‘ื›ื—ืฉ ื•ื‘ื›ื–ื‘ ื•ืข"ื— ืฉ"ืœ ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจืข ืข"ื— ืฉ"ืœ ื‘ืžืจืื™ืช ื”ืขื™ืŸ ื•ืข"ื— ืฉ"ืœ ื‘ื ืฉืš ื•ื‘ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ืข"ื— ืฉ"ืœ ื‘ืฉื™ื— ืฉืคืชื•ืชื™ื ื• ื•ืข"ื— ืฉ"ืœ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื ืจืžื•ืช ืข"ื— ืฉ"ืœ ื‘ืคืชื—ื•ืŸ ืคื” ื•ืข"ื— ืฉ"ืœ ื‘ืฆืขื“ื™ ืจื’ืœื™ื ืข"ื— ืฉ"ืœ ื‘ืงืคื™ืฆืช ื™ื“ ื•ืข"ื— ืฉื—"ืœ ื‘ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื“ืขืช ืข"ื— ืฉื—"ืœ ื‘ืฉื’ื’ื” ื•ืข"ื— ืฉื—"ืœ ื‘ืชืžื”ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ื‘ ืขืœ ื—ื˜ืื™ื ืฉืื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืœื™ื”ื ื—ื˜ืืช ืข"ื— ืฉื—"ืข ืขื•ืœื” (ืข"ื— ืฉื—"ืข ืงืจื‘ืŸ) ืข"ื— ืฉื—"ืข ืืฉื ื•ื“ืื™ ืข"ื— ืฉื—"ืข ืืฉื ืชืœื•ื™ ืข"ื— ืฉื—"ืข ืงืจื‘ืŸ ืขื•ืœื” ื•ื™ื•ืจื“ ืข"ื— ืฉื—"ืข ืขืฉื” ืข"ื— ืฉื—"ืข ืœื ืชืขืฉื” ืฉื ืชืงื• ืœืขืฉื” ืข"ื— ืฉื—"ืข ืžื™ืชื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืฉืžื™ื ืข"ื— ืฉื—"ืข ื›ืจืช ืข"ื— ืฉื—"ืข ืžืœืงื•ืช ืข"ื— ืฉื—"ืข ืืจื‘ืข ืžื™ืชื•ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ืกืงื™ืœื” ืฉืจื™ืคื” ื”ืจื’ ื•ื—ื ืง ืขืœ ื”ื’ืœื•ื™ื ืœื ื• ื•ืขืœ ืฉืื™ื ืŸ ื’ืœื•ื™ื ืœื ื• ื”ื’ืœื•ื™ื ืœื ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ืืžืจื ื•ื ืœืคื ื™ืš ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื•ืฉืื™ื ื ื’ืœื•ื™ื ืœื ื• ื›ืœ ื—ื˜ืื™ื ื• ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข ื›ืœ ื”ื ืกืชืจื•ืช ื›ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื”ื ืกืชืจื•ืช ืœื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื•ื”ื ื’ืœื•ืช ืœื ื• ื•ืœื‘ื ื™ื ื• ืขื“ ืขื•ืœื ื•ื›ื•' ื›ื™ ืืชื” ืกื•ืœื—ืŸ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืžื•ื—ืœืŸ ืœืฉื‘ื˜ื™ ื™ืฉื•ืจื•ืŸ ื•ืžื‘ืœืขื“ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ืžืœืš ืžื•ื—ืœ ื•ืกื•ืœื— ืืœื”ื™ ืขื“ ืฉืœื ื ื•ืฆืจืชื™ ืื™ื ื™ ื›ื“ืื™ ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืฉื ื•ืฆืจืชื™ ื›ืืœื• ืœื ื ื•ืฆืจืชื™ ืขืคืจ ืื ื™ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ืงืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ ื‘ืžื™ืชืชื™ ื”ืจื™ ืื ื™ ืœืคื ื™ืš ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ ื›ื›ืœื™ ืžืœื ื‘ื•ืฉื” ื•ื›ืœื™ืžื” ื™ื”ื™ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืžืœืคื ื™ืš ืฉืœื ืื—ื˜ื ืขื•ื“ ื•ืžื” ืฉื—ื˜ืืชื™ ืžื—ื” ื‘ืจื—ืžื™ืš ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ืื‘ืœ ืœืืข"ื™ื™ืกื•ืจื™ืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื• ืœืจืฆื•ืŸ ืืžืจื™ ืคื™ ื•ื”ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ื™ ืœืคื ื™ืš ื™ื™' ืฆื•ืจื™ ื•ื’ื•ืืœื™:
ื›ืกื“ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืžืชื•ื“ื” ื‘ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ืฉื—ืจื™ืช ื•ืžื•ืกืฃ ื•ืžื ื—ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื™ื— ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืืœื ืฉื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืื•ืžืจ ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ ื–ื” ืื—ืจ ืชืคืœืชื• ืื—ืจ ืฉื’ื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื•ื ืงื•ื“ื ืฉื™ืคืกื™ืข ืฉืœืฉ ืคืกื™ืขื•ืช ื•ืฉืœื™ื— ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืื•ืžืจื• ื‘ืชื•ืš ื‘ืจื›ื” ืืžืฆืขื™ืช ืงื•ื“ื ืฉื™ืืžืจ ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื•ืืœื”ื™ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืžื—ื•ืœ ืœืขื•ื ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืžืชื•ื“ื” ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ ื›ืกื“ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื•ืื—"ื› ืื•ืžืจ ืžื—ื•ืœ ืœืขื•ื ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฆื•ื ื”ื›ืคื•ืจื™ื:
ื‘ื ืขื™ืœื” ืžืชื•ื“ื” ื›ืกื“ืจ ื”ื–ื”:
ืžื”. ื ืืžืจ ืœืคื ื™ืš ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืžืจื•ื ื›ื•' ื›ื™ ืขื•ื ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืจื‘ื• ืžืœืžื ื•ืช ื›ื•' ืžื” ืื ื• ืžื” ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ืžื” ื—ืกื“ื ื• ืžื” ืฆื“ืงื ื• ืžื” ืžืขืฉื™ื ื• ืžื” ื ืืžืจ ืœืคื ื™ืš ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื”ืœื ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื›ืื™ืŸ ืœืคื ื™ืš ื•ืื ืฉื™ ื”ืฉื ื›ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื•ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื›ื‘ืœื™ ืžื“ืข ื•ื ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ื›ื‘ืœื™ ื”ืฉื›ืœ ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ืžืขืฉื™ื ื• ืชื”ื• ื•ื™ืžื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ื”ื‘ืœ ืœืคื ื™ืš ื›ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื•ืžื•ืชืจ ื”ืื“ื ืžืŸ ื”ื‘ื”ืžื” ืื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืœ ืื‘ืœ ืืชื” ื”ื‘ื“ืœืช ืื ื•ืฉ ืžืจืืฉ ื•ืชื›ื™ืจื”ื• ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™ืš ื›ื™ ืžื™ ื™ืืžืจ ืœืš ืžื” ืชืขืฉื” ื•ืื ื™ืฆื“ืง ืžื” ื™ืชืŸ ืœืš ื•ืชืชืŸ ืœื ื• ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ืืช ื™ื•ื”"ื› ื”ื–ื” ืงืฅ ืžื—ื™ืœื” ืœื›ืœ ื—ื˜ืืชื™ื ื• ืœืžืขืŸ ื ื—ื“ืœ ืžืขื•ืฉืง ื™ื“ื™ื ื• ื•ื ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื—ื•ืงื™ ืจืฆื•ื ืš ื‘ืœื‘ ืฉืœื ื›ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื ืืžืจ ื“ืจืฉื• ื™ื™' ื‘ื”ืžืฆืื• ืงืจืื•ื”ื• ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ืงืจื•ื‘ ื™ืขื–ื•ื‘ ืจืฉืข ื“ืจื›ื• ื•ืื™ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืืœ ื™ื™' ื•ื™ืจื—ืžื”ื• ื•ืืœ ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื›ื™ ื™ืจื‘ื” ืœืกืœื•ื— ื•ืืชื” ืืœื•ื” ืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืžื˜ื™ื‘ ื—ื ื•ืŸ ื•ืจื—ื•ื ืืจืš ืืคื™ื ื•ืจื‘ ื—ืกื“ ืžืจื‘ื” ืœื”ื˜ื™ื‘ ืจื•ืฆื” ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ืชืŸ ืฉืœ ืจืฉืขื™ื ื•ืื™ืŸ ืืชื” ื—ืคืฅ ื‘ืžื™ืชืชืŸ ื›ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื—ื™ ืื ื™ ื ืื ื™ื™' ืื ืื—ืคื•ืฅ ื‘ืžื•ืช ื”ืจืฉืข ื›ื™ ืื ื‘ืฉื•ื‘ ืจืฉืข ืžื“ืจื›ื• ื•ื—ื™ื” ืฉื•ื‘ื• ืฉื•ื‘ื• ืžื“ืจื›ื™ื›ื ื”ืจืขื™ื ื•ืœืžื” ืชืžื•ืชื• ื‘ื™ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืฉื™ื‘ื ื• ื•ืงื‘ืœื ื• ื•ืžื—ื•ืœ ืœื ื• ื•ืกืœื— ื›ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื—ืกื“ืš ื™ื”ื™ื• ืœืจืฆื•ืŸ ืืžืจื™ ืคื™ ื•ื”ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ื™ ืœืคื ื™ืš ื™ื™' ื›ื•' ืขื•ืฉื” ืฉืœื•ื ื•ื›ื•':
Rambam:
• 1 Chapter A Day: Talmud Torah Talmud Torah - Chapter Seven
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Talmud Torah - Chapter Seven
1
Even though a sage who is distinguished for his wisdom, the nasi, or the av beit din acts shamefully, they should never be publically placed under a ban of ostracism unless their deeds resemble those of Jeroboam ben Nevat and his colleagues. However, if one [of these individuals] performs other sins, he should be lashed privately, as [implied by Hoshea 4:5]: “You shall stumble during the day and the prophet will stumble with you at night” - i.e., even though he stumbles, cover him like night. He is told: “Preserve your honor and stay at home.”
Similarly, whenever a Torah sage is obligated to be ostracized, it is forbidden for a court to act rashly and pronounce a ban hastily. Instead, they should shun the matter and try to avoid it. The pious among the Sages would be proud of the fact that they never participated in the ostracism of a Torah sage. Nevertheless, they would participate in sentencing him to be lashed. They would even participate in sentencing him to receive “stripes for rebellion.”
ื
ื—ื›ื ื–ืงืŸ ื‘ื—ื›ืžื” ื•ื›ืŸ ื ืฉื™ื ืื• ืื‘ ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืกืจื— ืื™ืŸ ืžื ื“ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืคืจื”ืกื™ื ืœืขื•ืœื ืื"ื› ืขืฉื” ื›ื™ืจื‘ืขื ื‘ืŸ ื ื‘ื˜ ื•ื—ื‘ื™ืจื™ื• ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉื—ื˜ื ืฉืืจ ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ืžืœืงื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืฆื ืขื” ืฉื ืืžืจ ื•ื›ืฉืœืช ื”ื™ื•ื ื•ื›ืฉืœ ื’ื ื ื‘ื™ื ืขืžืš ืœื™ืœื” ืืข"ืค ืฉื›ืฉืœ ื›ืกื”ื• ื›ืœื™ืœื” ื•ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœื• ื”ื›ื‘ื“ ื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ื‘ื™ืชืš ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืœ ืชืœืžื™ื“ ื—ื›ื ืฉื ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื ื™ื“ื•ื™ ืืกื•ืจ ืœื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ืœืงืคื•ืฅ ื•ืœื ื“ื•ืชื• ื‘ืžื”ืจื” ืืœื ื‘ื•ืจื—ื™ืŸ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื•ื ืฉืžื˜ื™ืŸ ืžืžื ื• ื•ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ ื”ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืžืฉืชื‘ื—ื™ื ืฉืœื ื ืžื ื• ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื“ื•ืช ืชืœืžื™ื“ ื—ื›ื ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉื ืžื ื™ืŸ ืœื”ืœืงื•ืชื• ืื ื ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืžืœืงื•ืช ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืžื›ืช ืžืจื“ื•ืช ื ืžื ื™ืŸ ืขืœื™ื• ืœื”ื›ื•ืชื•:
2
How is the ban [issued]? The [court] pronounces: “So and so shall be ostracized. If the ban is issued in his presence, [the court] pronounces: “This [person], so and so, shall be ostracized.”
A ban of excommunication [is issued as follows]: They tell him: “So and so is excommunicated.”
The expression “He is cursed” implies a curse, an oath, and a ban of ostracism.
ื‘
ื•ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื•ื ื”ื ื™ื“ื•ื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืคืœื•ื ื™ ื™ื”ื ื‘ืฉืžืชื ื•ืื ื ื™ื“ื•ื”ื• ื‘ืคื ื™ื• ืื•ืžืจ ืœื• ืคืœื•ื ื™ ื–ื” ื‘ืฉืžืชื ื•ื”ื—ืจื ืื•ืžืจ ืœื• ืคืœื•ื ื™ ืžื•ื—ืจื ื•ืืจื•ืจ ื‘ื• ืืœื” ื‘ื• ืฉื‘ื•ืขื” ื‘ื• ื ื™ื“ื•ื™:
3
How is a ban of ostracism or excommunication lifted? They tell him: “You are released. You are forgiven.” If the ban is lifted outside his presence, they say: “So and so is released. So and so is forgiven.”
ื’
ื•ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžืชื™ืจื™ืŸ ื”ื ื™ื“ื•ื™ ืื• ื”ื—ืจื ืื•ืžืจ ืœื• ืฉืจื•ื™ ืœืš ื•ืžื—ื•ืœ ืœืš ื•ืื ื”ืชื™ืจื•ื”ื• ืฉืœื ื‘ืคื ื™ื• ืื•ืžืจ ืœื• ืคืœื•ื ื™ ืฉืจื•ื™ ืœื• ื•ืžื—ื•ืœ ืœื•:
4
What are the practices that must be observed by the person who is ostracized and those who come into contact with him?
a) he is forbidden to cut his hair or launder his clothes, like a mourner throughout his entire period of ostracism;
b) he is not included in a zimmun, nor in a quorum of ten with regard to any matter that requires ten;
c) no one should sit within four cubits of him.
He may, however, teach others and others may teach him. He may be hired and may hire others. If he dies while under ban, the court sends [an emissary who] places a stone on his coffin, as if to say that they are stoning him because he was separated from the community. Needless to say, eulogies are not recited for him, nor is his bier accompanied.
ื“
ืžื”ื• ื”ืžื ื”ื’ ืฉื™ื ื”ื•ื’ ื”ืžื ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ื•ืฉื ื•ื”ื’ื™ืŸ ืขืžื• ืžื ื•ื“ื” ืืกื•ืจ ืœืกืคืจ ื•ืœื›ื‘ืก ื›ืื‘ืœ ื›ืœ ื™ืžื™ ื ื™ื“ื•ื™ื• ื•ืื™ืŸ ืžื–ืžื ื™ืŸ ืขืœื™ื• ื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœืœื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืขืฉืจื” ืœื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืขืฉืจื” ื•ืœื ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืžื• ื‘ืืจื‘ืข ืืžื•ืช ืื‘ืœ ืฉื•ื ื” ื”ื•ื ืœืื—ืจื™ื ื•ืฉื•ื ื™ืŸ ืœื• ื•ื ืฉื›ืจ ื•ืฉื•ื›ืจ ื•ืื ืžืช ื‘ื ื™ื“ื•ื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ืœื—ื™ืŸ ื•ืžื ื™ื—ื™ืŸ ืื‘ืŸ ืืœ ืืจื•ื ื• ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ืŸ ืจื•ื’ืžื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ืœืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื•ื‘ื“ืœ ืžืŸ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ืื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžืกืคื™ื“ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ื•ืื™ืŸ ืžืœื•ื™ืŸ ืืช ืžื˜ืชื•:
5
A person who is excommunicated has even more [severe restrictions]. He may not teach others and others may not teach him. Nevertheless, he may study himself, so that he does not forget what he has learned.
He may not be hired, nor is he allowed to hire others. We should not engage in trade with him. [Indeed,] we should not have any business dealings with him except the bare minimum necessary for his livelihood.
ื”
ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœื™ื• ื”ืžื•ื—ืจื ืฉืื™ื ื• ืฉื•ื ื” ืœืื—ืจื™ื ื•ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื™ืŸ ืœื• ืื‘ืœ ืฉื•ื ื” ื”ื•ื ืœืขืฆืžื• ืฉืœื ื™ืฉื›ื— ืชืœืžื•ื“ื• ื•ืื™ื ื• ื ืฉื›ืจ ื•ืื™ืŸ ื ืฉื›ืจื™ืŸ ืœื• ื•ืื™ืŸ ื ื•ืฉืื™ืŸ ื•ื ื•ืชื ื™ืŸ ืขืžื• ื•ืื™ืŸ ืžืชืขืกืงื™ืŸ ืขืžื• ืืœื ืžืขื˜ ืขืกืง ื›ื“ื™ ืคืจื ืกืชื•:
6
When a person was ostracized for thirty days and did not seek to be released from the ban, he is placed under a second ban. If he was ostracized for a second thirty days without seeking release, he is excommunicated.
ื•
ืžื™ ืฉื™ืฉื‘ ื‘ื ื™ื“ื•ื™ ืฉืœืฉื™ื ื™ื•ื ื•ืœื ื‘ืงืฉ ืœื”ืชื™ืจื• ืžื ื“ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ืฉื ื™ื” ื™ืฉื‘ ืฉืœืฉื™ื ื™ื•ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื•ืœื ื‘ืงืฉ ืœื”ืชื™ืจื• ืžื—ืจื™ืžื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื•:
7
How many [people] are necessary to release [a person from a] ban of ostracism or excommunication? Three. They may even be commoners. A single judge with unique expertise may release [a person from a] ban of ostracism or excommunication alone. A student may release [a person from a] ban of ostracism or excommunication even in the place of his teacher.
ื–
ื‘ื›ืžื” ืžืชื™ืจื™ืŸ ื”ื ื™ื“ื•ื™ ืื• ื”ื—ืจื ื‘ืฉืœืฉื” ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ื“ื™ื•ื˜ื•ืช ื•ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืžื•ืžื—ื” ืžืชื™ืจ ื”ื ื™ื“ื•ื™ ืื• ื”ื—ืจื ืœื‘ื“ื• ื•ื™ืฉ ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ื”ื ื™ื“ื•ื™ ืื• ื”ื—ืจื ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืจื‘:
Editor's Note: Our text follows the practice of most printed copies of the Mishneh Torah, which skip the number 8 entirely1, and proceed from Halachah 7 to Halachah 9.
9
When three individuals issue a ban of ostracism, and then depart, if the person who was ostracized improves his behavior with regard to the matter for which he was ostracized, three others may come and release him [from that ban].
ื˜
ืฉืœืฉื” ืฉื ื™ื“ื• ื•ื”ืœื›ื• ืœื”ืŸ ื•ื—ื–ืจ ื–ื” ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื ื™ื“ื”ื• ื‘ื’ืœืœื• ื‘ืื™ืŸ ืฉืœืฉื” ืื—ืจื™ื ื•ืžืชื™ืจื™ืŸ ืœื•:
10
A person who does not know who placed him under a ban of ostracism should approach the nasi who may release him from that ban.
ื™
ืžื™ ืฉืœื ื™ื“ืข ืžื™ ืฉื ื™ื“ื”ื• ื™ืœืš ืœื• ืืฆืœ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ืชื™ืจ ืœื• ื ื™ื“ื•ื™ื•:
11
If a ban was issued conditionally, even if one imposed that [conditional ban] on himself, it must be nullified [before ordinary interaction with the person is permitted]. If a Torah sage issued a ban of ostracism against himself, even if he made that ban conditional on the consent of another person and even if he issued it because of a matter which requires ostracism, he may nullify the ban himself.
ื™ื
ื ื™ื“ื•ื™ ืขืœ ืชื ืื™ ืืคื™ืœื• ืขืœ ืคื™ ืขืฆืžื• ืฆืจื™ืš ื”ืคืจื” ืชืœืžื™ื“ ื—ื›ื ืฉื ื™ื“ื” ืขืฆืžื• ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื ื™ื“ื” ืขืฆืžื• ืขืœ ื“ืขืช ืคืœื•ื ื™ ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืขืœื™ื• ื ื™ื“ื•ื™ ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ืžื™ืคืจ ืœืขืฆืžื•:
12
Whenever a person dreams that he was placed under a ban of ostracism, even if he knows who issued that ban, ten people who are proficient in Torah Law are required to release him from that ban. If he cannot find such people [in his immediate surroundings], he must journey a parsah in search of them.
If he cannot find [these people within that distance], the ban can be released even by ten people who study Mishnah. If he cannot find [such people], the ban can be released even by ten people who know how to read the Torah. If he cannot find ten people in his place, the ban can be released by three ordinary people.
ื™ื‘
ืžื™ ืฉื ื™ื“ื•ื”ื• ื‘ื—ืœื•ื ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ื“ืข ืžื™ ื ื™ื“ื”ื• ืฆืจื™ืš ืขืฉืจื” ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืฉืฉื•ื ื™ืŸ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืœื”ืชื™ืจื• ืžื ื™ื“ื•ื™ื• ื•ืื ืœื ืžืฆื ื˜ื•ืจื— ืื—ืจื™ื”ื ืขื“ ืคืจืกื ืœื ืžืฆื ืžืชื™ืจื™ื ืœื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืขืฉืจื” ืฉืฉื•ื ื™ื ืžืฉื ื” ืœื ืžืฆื ืžืชื™ืจื™ืŸ ืœื• ืขืฉืจื” ืฉื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœืงืจื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืœื ืžืฆื ืžืชื™ืจื™ืŸ ืœื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืขืฉืจื” ืฉืื™ื ืŸ ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ืŸ ืœืงืจื•ืช ืœื ืžืฆื ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื• ืขืฉืจื” ืžืชื™ืจื™ืŸ ืœื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืฉืœืฉื”:
13
Whenever a ban of ostracism is imposed in a person's presence, it should only be lifted in his presence. If it was issued outside his presence, it may be lifted in his presence or outside his presence. There is no [fixed amount of time] between the issuance of a ban and its release. Instead, one may issue a ban and lift it immediately if the person placed under ban improves his behavior.
However, [if the court sees fit for this individual to remain under ban for a number of years, they may extend [the ban] according to his wickedness. Similarly, if it sees fit, the court is entitled to excommunicate a person at the outset or to excommunicate anyone who eats, drinks, or stands within four cubits of a person who has been ostracized. [This power is granted] to cause [the banned person] hardship and [thus,] create a fence around the Torah, so that it will not be violated by the sinners. Even though a Torah sage may place a person under a ban of ostracism [to preserve] his honor, it is not praiseworthy for a sage to accustom himself to this practice Instead, he should turn his ears from the words of the common people and not pay attention to them, as Solomon said in his wisdom [Ecclesiastes 7:21]: “Also, do not pay heed to all the words that are spoken.”
This was the practice of the pious of the early generations. They would hear their shame and not answer. Furthermore, they would pardon and forgive the person who insulted them. The great sages would take pride in their pleasant deeds, relating that they never issued a ban of ostracism or excommunication [to protect] their honor. This is the path of the sages which is worthy of being followed.
When does the above apply? When [the person] spurned or embarrassed [the sage] in private. However, if one spurns or embarrasses a sage in public, it is forbidden for the sage to forgo his honor. Indeed, if he does so, he is punished, because the disrespect of the Torah is involved. Instead, he should seek vengeance and carry enmity over the matter like a snake until the offender requests to be pardoned. Then, he should forgive him.
ื™ื’
ืžื™ ืฉื ื™ื“ื•ื”ื• ื‘ืคื ื™ื• ืื™ืŸ ืžืชื™ืจื™ืŸ ืœื• ืืœื ื‘ืคื ื™ื• ื ื™ื“ื•ื”ื• ืฉืœื ื‘ืคื ื™ื• ืžืชื™ืจื™ืŸ ืœื• ื‘ืคื ื™ื• ื•ืฉืœื ื‘ืคื ื™ื• ื•ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื“ื•ื™ ืœื”ืคืจื” ื›ืœื•ื ืืœื ืžื ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ืžืชื™ืจื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื’ืข ืื—ื“ ื›ืฉื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ื”ืžื ื•ื“ื” ืœืžื•ื˜ื‘ ื•ืื ืจืื• ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ื™ื— ื–ื” ื‘ื ื™ื“ื•ื™ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื ืžื ื™ื—ื™ืŸ ื›ืคื™ ืจืฉืขื• ื•ื›ืŸ ืื ืจืื• ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ืœื”ื—ืจื™ื ืœื–ื” ืœื›ืชื—ืœื” ื•ืœื”ื—ืจื™ื ืžื™ ืฉื™ืื›ืœ ืขืžื• ื•ืฉื•ืชื” ืขืžื• ืื• ืžื™ ืฉื™ืขืžื•ื“ ืขืžื• ื‘ืืจื‘ืข ืืžื•ืช ืžื—ืจื™ืžื™ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ืกืจื• ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืกื™ื™ื’ ืœืชื•ืจื” ืขื“ ืฉืœื ื™ืคืจืฆื• ื”ื—ื•ื˜ืื™ื ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืจืฉื•ืช ืœื—ื›ื ืœื ื“ื•ืช ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ื• ืื™ื ื• ืฉื‘ื— ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ ื—ื›ื ืœื”ื ื”ื™ื’ ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ืืœื ืžืขืœื™ื ืื–ื ื™ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ืขื ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ืœื ื™ืฉื™ืช ืœื‘ื• ืœื”ืŸ ื›ืขื ื™ืŸ ืฉืืžืจ ืฉืœืžื” ื‘ื—ื›ืžืชื• ื’ื ืœื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืฉืจ ื™ื“ื‘ืจื• ืืœ ืชืชืŸ ืœื‘ืš ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ื“ืจืš ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ื—ืจืคืชื ื•ืื™ื ืŸ ืžืฉื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ื•ืœื ืขื•ื“ ืืœื ืฉืžื•ื—ืœื™ื ืœืžื—ืจืฃ ื•ืกื•ืœื—ื™ื ืœื• ื•ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืžืฉืชื‘ื—ื™ื ื‘ืžืขืฉื™ื”ื ื”ื ืื™ื ื•ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื ื™ื“ื• ืื“ื ื•ืœื ื”ื—ืจื™ืžื•ื”ื• ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ืŸ ื•ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ื“ืจื›ื ืฉืœ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉืจืื•ื™ ืœื™ืœืš ื‘ื” ื‘ืžื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืžื•ืจื™ื ื›ืฉื‘ื–ื”ื• ืื• ื—ืจืคื”ื• ื‘ืกืชืจ ืื‘ืœ ืชืœืžื™ื“ ื—ื›ื ืฉื‘ื–ื”ื• ืื• ื—ืจืคื• ืื“ื ื‘ืคืจื”ืกื™ื ืืกื•ืจ ืœื• ืœืžื—ื•ืœ ืขืœ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื• ื•ืื ืžื—ืœ ื ืขื ืฉ ืฉื–ื” ื‘ื–ื™ื•ืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ืืœื ื ื•ืงื ื•ื ื•ื˜ืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื ื—ืฉ ืขื“ ืฉื™ื‘ืงืฉ ืžืžื ื• ืžื—ื™ืœื” ื•ื™ืกืœื— ืœื•:
FOOTNOTES
1.The Rambam La'am suggests that perhaps this omission is made because the letter ื— is the first letter of the word ื—ืจื, which means "excommunication." It is not proper that the chapter that deals with such a severe punishment should contain any allusion to it.
Rambam:
• 3 Chapters A Day: Order of Prayers Order of Prayers - The Text of the Blessings of Shemoneh Esreh and Their Order, Order of Prayers Order of Prayers - The Text of All the Intermediate Blessings, Order of Prayers Order of Prayers - The Text of the Confession
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Order of Prayers - The Text of the Blessings of Shemoneh Esreh and Their Order
(ื) ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื•ืืœื”ื™ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืืœื”ื™ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืืœื”ื™ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื•ืืœื”ื™ ื™ืขืงื‘ ื”ืืœ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ื”ื ื•ืจื ื•ื›ื•'
(ื‘) ืืชื” ื’ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืขื•ืœื ืื“ื ื™ ืžื—ื™ื” ืžืชื™ื ืืชื” ืจื‘ ืœื”ื•ืฉื™ืข (ืžื•ืจื™ื“ ื”ื˜ืœ) (ืžืฉื™ื‘ ื”ืจื•ื— ื•ืžื•ืจื™ื“ ื”ื’ืฉื)1 ืžื›ืœื›ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื—ืกื“ ืžื—ื™ื” ืžืชื™ื ื‘ืจื—ืžื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืกื•ืžืš ื ื•ืคืœื™ื ื•ื›ื•'
(ื’) ืืชื” ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื•ืฉืžืš ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื•ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื™ื”ืœืœื•ืš ืกืœื” ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื™ื™' ื”ืืœ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ
(ื“) ืืชื” ื—ื•ื ืŸ ืœืื“ื ื“ืขืช ื•ืžืœืžื“ ืœืื ื•ืฉ ื‘ื™ื ื” ื•ื—ื ื ื• ืžืืชืš ื“ืขื” ื—ื›ืžื” ื•ื‘ื™ื ื” ื•ื”ืฉื›ืœ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื™ื™' ื—ื•ื ืŸ ื”ื“ืขืช
(ื”) ื”ืฉื™ื‘ื ื• ืื‘ื™ื ื• ืœืชื•ืจืชืš ื•ื“ื‘ืงื ื• ื‘ืžืฆื•ืชื™ืš ื•ืงืจื‘ื ื• ืžืœื›ื ื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืชืš ื•ื”ื—ื–ื™ืจื ื• ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœื™ืžื” ืœืคื ื™ืš ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื™ื™' ื”ืจื•ืฆื” ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”
(ื•) ืกืœื— ืœื ื• ืื‘ื™ื ื• ื›ื™ ื—ื˜ืื ื• ืžื—ื•ืœ ืœื ื• ืžืœื›ื ื• ื›ื™ ืคืฉืขื ื• ืœืš ื›ื™ ืืœ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืกืœื— ืืชื” ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื™ื™' ื—ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืจื‘ื” ืœืกืœื•ื—
(ื–) ืจืื” ื ื ื‘ืขื ื™ื ื• ื•ืจื™ื‘ื” ืจื™ื‘ื ื• ื•ื“ื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื ื ื• ื•ืžื”ืจ ืœื’ืืœื ื• ื›ื™ ืืœ ืžืœืš ื’ื•ืืœ ื—ื–ืง ืืชื” ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื™ื™' ื’ื•ืืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ
(ื—) ืจืคืื ื• ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื•ื ืจืคื ื”ื•ืฉื™ืขื ื• ื•ื ื•ืฉืขื” ื›ื™ ืชื”ืœืชื ื• ืืชื” ื•ื”ืขืœื” ืจืคื•ืื” ืฉืœื™ืžื” ืœื›ืœ ืชื—ืœื•ืื™ื ื• ื›ื™ ืืœ ืจื•ืคื ื•ืจื—ืžืŸ ืืชื” ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื™ื™' ืจื•ืคื ื—ื•ืœื™ ืขืžื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ
(ื˜) ื‘ืจื›ื ื• ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืขืฉื” ื™ื“ื™ื ื• ื•ื‘ืจืš ืืช ืฉื ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื•ืชืŸ (ื˜ืœ ื•ืžื˜ืจ ืœ)2 ื‘ืจื›ื” ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ืื“ืžื” ื•ืฉื‘ืข ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžื‘ืจื›ื•ืชื™ืš ื•ืจื•ื” ืคื ื™ ืชื‘ืœ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื™ื™' ืžื‘ืจืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื
(ื™) ืชืงืข ื‘ืฉื•ืคืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืœื—ื™ืจื•ืชื ื• ื•ืฉื ื ืก ืœืงื‘ืฅ ืืช ื›ืœ ื’ืœื™ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืžืืจื‘ืข ื›ื ืคื•ืช ื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ืœืืจืฆื ื• ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื™ื™' ืžืงื‘ืฅ ื ื“ื—ื™ ืขืžื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ
(ื™ื) ื”ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ื• ื›ื‘ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื•ื™ื•ืขืฆื™ื ื• ื›ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื•ื”ืกืจ ืžืžื ื• ื™ื’ื•ืŸ ื•ืื ื—ื” ื•ืžืœื•ืš ืขืœื™ื ื• ืืชื” ืœื‘ื“ืš ื‘ื—ืกื“ ื•ื‘ืจื—ืžื™ื ื‘ืฆื“ืง ื•ื‘ืžืฉืคื˜ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื™ื™' ืžืœืš ืื•ื”ื‘ ืฆื“ืงื” ื•ืžืฉืคื˜
(ื™ื‘) ืœืžืœืฉื™ื ื™ื ืืœ ืชื”ื™ ืชืงื•ื” ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืืคื™ืงื•ืจื•ืกื™ืŸ ื›ื•ืœื ื›ืจื’ืข ื™ืื‘ื“ื• ื•ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื–ื“ื•ืŸ ืชืขืงืจ ื•ืชืฉื‘ืจ ื‘ืžื”ืจื” ื‘ื™ืžื ื• ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื™ื™' ืฉื•ื‘ืจ ืจืฉืขื™ื ื•ืžื›ื ื™ืข ื–ื“ื™ื
(ื™ื’) ืขืœ ื”ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื ื•ืขืœ ื”ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื•ืขืœ ื’ืจื™ ื”ืฆื“ืง ื•ืขืœ ืฉืืจื™ืช ืขืžืš ื‘ื™ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ื”ืžื• ืจื—ืžื™ืš ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื•ืชืŸ ืฉื›ืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื›ืœ ื”ื‘ื•ื˜ื—ื™ื ื‘ืฉืžืš ื‘ืืžืช ื•ื›ื•'
(ื™ื“) ืชืฉื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืขื™ืจืš ื›ืืฉืจ ื“ื‘ืจืช ื•ื‘ื ื” ืื•ืชื” ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืžื”ืจื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื• ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื™ื™' ื‘ื•ื ื” ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื
(ื˜ื•) ืืช ืฆืžื— ื“ื•ื“ ื‘ืžื”ืจื” ืชืฆืžื™ื— ื•ืงืจื ื• ืชืจื•ื ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืขืชืš ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื™ื™' ืžืฆืžื™ื— ืงืจืŸ ื™ืฉื•ืขื”
(ื˜ื–) ืฉืžืข ืงื•ืœื ื• ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื•ื—ื•ืก ื•ืจื—ื ืขืœื™ื ื• ื•ืงื‘ืœ ื‘ืจื—ืžื™ื ื•ื‘ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืืช ืชืคืœืชื™ื ื• ืžืœื›ื ื• ืจื™ืงื ืืœ ืชืฉื™ื‘ื ื• ื›ื™ ืืชื” ืฉื•ืžืข ื•ื›ื•'
(ื™ื–) ืจืฆื” ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื‘ืขืžืš ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืœืชืคืœืชื ืฉืขื” ื•ื”ืฉื‘ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืœื“ื‘ื™ืจ ื‘ื™ืชืš ื•ืืฉื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชืคืœืชื ื•ื›ื•' ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื™ื™' ื”ืžื—ื–ื™ืจ ืฉื›ื™ื ืชื• ืœืฆื™ื•ืŸ
(ื™ื—) ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืื ื—ื ื• ืœืš ืฉืืชื” ื”ื•ื ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื•ืืœื”ื™ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืฆื•ืจ ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ื•ืžื’ืŸ ื™ืฉืขื ื• ืืชื” ืœื“ื•ืจ ื•ื“ื•ืจ ื ื•ื“ื” ืœืš ื•ื ืกืคืจ ืชื”ืœืชืš ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ื•ื›ื•'
(ื™ื˜) ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื•ื‘ืจื›ื” ื—ืŸ ื•ื—ืกื“ ื•ืจื—ืžื™ื ืขืœื™ื ื• ื•ืขืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืžืš ื•ื‘ืจื›ื ื• ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืžืžืื•ืจ ืคื ื™ืš ื ืชืช ืœื ื• ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื—ื™ื™ื ืื”ื‘ื” ื•ื›ื•'
ืกื“ืจ ืชืคืœื•ืช ื—ืœืง ืฉื ื™
ื. ื ื•ืกื— ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืชืคืœื” ื•ืกื™ื“ื•ืจืŸ:
(ื) ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื•ืืœื”ื™ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืืœื”ื™ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืืœื”ื™ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื•ืืœื”ื™ ื™ืขืงื‘ ื”ืืœ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ื”ื ื•ืจื ื•ื›ื•':
(ื‘) ืืชื” ื’ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืขื•ืœื ืื“ื ื™ ืžื—ื™ื” ืžืชื™ื ืืชื” ืจื‘ ืœื”ื•ืฉื™ืข (ืžื•ืจื™ื“ ื”ื˜ืœ) (ืžืฉื™ื‘ ื”ืจื•ื— ื•ืžื•ืจื™ื“ ื”ื’ืฉื) ืžื›ืœื›ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื—ืกื“ ืžื—ื™ื” ืžืชื™ื ื‘ืจื—ืžื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืกื•ืžืš ื ื•ืคืœื™ื ื•ื›ื•':
(ื’) ืืชื” ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื•ืฉืžืš ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื•ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื™ื”ืœืœื•ืš ืกืœื” ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื™ื™' ื”ืืœ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ:
(ื“) ืืชื” ื—ื•ื ืŸ ืœืื“ื ื“ืขืช ื•ืžืœืžื“ ืœืื ื•ืฉ ื‘ื™ื ื” ื•ื—ื ื ื• ืžืืชืš ื“ืขื” ื—ื›ืžื” ื•ื‘ื™ื ื” ื•ื”ืฉื›ืœ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื™ื™' ื—ื•ื ืŸ ื”ื“ืขืช:
(ื”) ื”ืฉื™ื‘ื ื• ืื‘ื™ื ื• ืœืชื•ืจืชืš ื•ื“ื‘ืงื ื• ื‘ืžืฆื•ืชื™ืš ื•ืงืจื‘ื ื• ืžืœื›ื ื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืชืš ื•ื”ื—ื–ื™ืจื ื• ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœื™ืžื” ืœืคื ื™ืš ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื™ื™' ื”ืจื•ืฆื” ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”:
(ื•) ืกืœื— ืœื ื• ืื‘ื™ื ื• ื›ื™ ื—ื˜ืื ื• ืžื—ื•ืœ ืœื ื• ืžืœื›ื ื• ื›ื™ ืคืฉืขื ื• ืœืš ื›ื™ ืืœ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืกืœื— ืืชื” ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื™ื™' ื—ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืจื‘ื” ืœืกืœื•ื—:
(ื–) ืจืื” ื ื ื‘ืขื ื™ื ื• ื•ืจื™ื‘ื” ืจื™ื‘ื ื• ื•ื“ื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื ื ื• ื•ืžื”ืจ ืœื’ืืœื ื• ื›ื™ ืืœ ืžืœืš ื’ื•ืืœ ื—ื–ืง ืืชื” ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื™ื™' ื’ื•ืืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ:
(ื—) ืจืคืื ื• ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื•ื ืจืคื ื”ื•ืฉื™ืขื ื• ื•ื ื•ืฉืขื” ื›ื™ ืชื”ืœืชื ื• ืืชื” ื•ื”ืขืœื” ืจืคื•ืื” ืฉืœื™ืžื” ืœื›ืœ ืชื—ืœื•ืื™ื ื• ื›ื™ ืืœ ืจื•ืคื ื•ืจื—ืžืŸ ืืชื” ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื™ื™' ืจื•ืคื ื—ื•ืœื™ ืขืžื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ:
(ื˜) ื‘ืจื›ื ื• ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืขืฉื” ื™ื“ื™ื ื• ื•ื‘ืจืš ืืช ืฉื ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื•ืชืŸ (ื˜ืœ ื•ืžื˜ืจ ืœ) ื‘ืจื›ื” ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ืื“ืžื” ื•ืฉื‘ืข ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžื‘ืจื›ื•ืชื™ืš ื•ืจื•ื” ืคื ื™ ืชื‘ืœ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื™ื™' ืžื‘ืจืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื:
(ื™) ืชืงืข ื‘ืฉื•ืคืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืœื—ื™ืจื•ืชื ื• ื•ืฉื ื ืก ืœืงื‘ืฅ ืืช ื›ืœ ื’ืœื™ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืžืืจื‘ืข ื›ื ืคื•ืช ื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ืœืืจืฆื ื• ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื™ื™' ืžืงื‘ืฅ ื ื“ื—ื™ ืขืžื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ:
(ื™ื) ื”ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ื• ื›ื‘ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื•ื™ื•ืขืฆื™ื ื• ื›ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื•ื”ืกืจ ืžืžื ื• ื™ื’ื•ืŸ ื•ืื ื—ื” ื•ืžืœื•ืš ืขืœื™ื ื• ืืชื” ืœื‘ื“ืš ื‘ื—ืกื“ ื•ื‘ืจื—ืžื™ื ื‘ืฆื“ืง ื•ื‘ืžืฉืคื˜ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื™ื™' ืžืœืš ืื•ื”ื‘ ืฆื“ืงื” ื•ืžืฉืคื˜:
(ื™ื‘) ืœืžืœืฉื™ื ื™ื ืืœ ืชื”ื™ ืชืงื•ื” ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืืคื™ืงื•ืจื•ืกื™ืŸ ื›ื•ืœื ื›ืจื’ืข ื™ืื‘ื“ื• ื•ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื–ื“ื•ืŸ ืชืขืงืจ ื•ืชืฉื‘ืจ ื‘ืžื”ืจื” ื‘ื™ืžื ื• ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื™ื™' ืฉื•ื‘ืจ ืจืฉืขื™ื ื•ืžื›ื ื™ืข ื–ื“ื™ื:
(ื™ื’) ืขืœ ื”ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื ื•ืขืœ ื”ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื•ืขืœ ื’ืจื™ ื”ืฆื“ืง ื•ืขืœ ืฉืืจื™ืช ืขืžืš ื‘ื™ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ื”ืžื• ืจื—ืžื™ืš ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื•ืชืŸ ืฉื›ืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื›ืœ ื”ื‘ื•ื˜ื—ื™ื ื‘ืฉืžืš ื‘ืืžืช ื•ื›ื•':
(ื™ื“) ืชืฉื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืขื™ืจืš ื›ืืฉืจ ื“ื‘ืจืช ื•ื‘ื ื” ืื•ืชื” ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืžื”ืจื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื• ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื™ื™' ื‘ื•ื ื” ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื:
(ื˜ื•) ืืช ืฆืžื— ื“ื•ื“ ื‘ืžื”ืจื” ืชืฆืžื™ื— ื•ืงืจื ื• ืชืจื•ื ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืขืชืš ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื™ื™' ืžืฆืžื™ื— ืงืจืŸ ื™ืฉื•ืขื”:
(ื˜ื–) ืฉืžืข ืงื•ืœื ื• ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื•ื—ื•ืก ื•ืจื—ื ืขืœื™ื ื• ื•ืงื‘ืœ ื‘ืจื—ืžื™ื ื•ื‘ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืืช ืชืคืœืชื™ื ื• ืžืœื›ื ื• ืจื™ืงื ืืœ ืชืฉื™ื‘ื ื• ื›ื™ ืืชื” ืฉื•ืžืข ื•ื›ื•':
(ื™ื–) ืจืฆื” ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื‘ืขืžืš ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืœืชืคืœืชื ืฉืขื” ื•ื”ืฉื‘ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืœื“ื‘ื™ืจ ื‘ื™ืชืš ื•ืืฉื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชืคืœืชื ื•ื›ื•' ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื™ื™' ื”ืžื—ื–ื™ืจ ืฉื›ื™ื ืชื• ืœืฆื™ื•ืŸ:
(ื™ื—) ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืื ื—ื ื• ืœืš ืฉืืชื” ื”ื•ื ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื•ืืœื”ื™ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืฆื•ืจ ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ื•ืžื’ืŸ ื™ืฉืขื ื• ืืชื” ืœื“ื•ืจ ื•ื“ื•ืจ ื ื•ื“ื” ืœืš ื•ื ืกืคืจ ืชื”ืœืชืš ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ื•ื›ื•':
(ื™ื˜) ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื•ื‘ืจื›ื” ื—ืŸ ื•ื—ืกื“ ื•ืจื—ืžื™ื ืขืœื™ื ื• ื•ืขืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืžืš ื•ื‘ืจื›ื ื• ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืžืžืื•ืจ ืคื ื™ืš ื ืชืช ืœื ื• ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื—ื™ื™ื ืื”ื‘ื” ื•ื›ื•'
ื‘ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ื—ืžื” ืื•ืžืจ ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื” ืฉื ื™ื” –In the summer, in the second blessing, one should recite the following
ืจื‘ ืœื”ื•ืฉื™ืข ืžื•ืจื™ื“ ื”ื˜ืœ ืžื›ืœื›ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื—ืกื“ ื•ื›ื•'
ื•ืžื‘ืจืš ื‘ืจื›ื” ืชืฉื™ืขื™ืช ื‘ื ื•ืกื— ื–ื” – say And in the ninth blessing, one should
ื‘ืจื›ื ื• ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืขืฉื” ื™ื“ื™ื ื• ื•ื‘ืจืš ืืช ืฉื ืชื ื• ื‘ื˜ืœืœื™ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื›ื” ื•ื ื“ื‘ื” ื›ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื™ื™' ืžื‘ืจืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื
ื‘ืœื™ืœ ืžื•ืฆืื™ ืฉื‘ืช ื•ื‘ืžื•ืฆืื™ ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ืคื•ืจื™ื ื•ื‘ืžื•ืฆืื™ ื™ืžื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืžื‘ืจืš ื‘ืจื›ื” ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื‘ื ื•ืกื— ื–ื”
On Saturday night, on the night following Yom Kippur, and on the night following festivals, one should recite the fourth blessing with this text:
ืืชื” ื—ื•ื ืŸ ืœืื“ื ื“ืขืช ื•ืžืœืžื“ ืœืื ื•ืฉ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืืชื” ื”ื‘ื“ืœืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงื“ืฉ ืœื—ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ืจ ืœื—ืฉืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืขืžื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ ืœืฉืฉืช ื™ืžื™ ื”ืžืขืฉื” ื›ืฉื ืฉื”ื‘ื“ืœืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงื“ืฉ ืœื—ื•ืœ ื›ืŸ ืคื“ื ื• ื•ื”ืฆื™ืœื ื• ืžื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ืžืฉื—ื™ืช ื•ืžื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ืคื•ืจืขื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืชืจื’ืฉื•ืช ืœื‘ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื•ืฉืžืจื ื• ืžืŸ ื”ื›ืœ ื•ื—ื ื ื• ืžืืชืš ื•ื›ื•'
ื‘ืจืืฉื™ ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื•ื‘ื—ื•ืœื• ืฉืœ ืžื•ืขื“ ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช ื™"ื– ื‘ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ื•ืฉื—ืจื™ืช ื•ืžื ื—ื” ื•ืžื‘ืจืš ืื•ืชื” ื‘ื ื•ืกื— ื–ื”
On Rashei Chadashim and on the intermediate days of festival, during the Morning, Afternoon, and Evening Services, one should recite the seventeenth blessing with this text:
ืจืฆื” ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื•ื›ื•' ืขื“ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืžืš ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื•ืืœื”ื™ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื™ืขืœื” ื•ื™ื‘ื ื•ื›ื•' ื•ืชื—ื–ื™ื ื” ืขื™ื ื™ื ื• ื•ื›ื•'
ื•ื‘ื—ื•ืœื• ืฉืœ ืžื•ืขื“ ืื•ืžืจ ื‘ื™ื•ื ืžืงืจื ืงื“ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ืžื•ืขื“ ื—ื’ ื”ืžืฆื•ืช ื”ื–ื”3 ืื• ื‘ื™ื•ื ืžื•ืขื“ ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช ื”ื–ื”
ื‘ื™ื•ื ืชืขื ื™ืช ืžื‘ืจืš ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื‘ืจื›ืช ื™"ื• ื‘ื ื•ืกื— ื–ื”
On a fast day, one should recite the sixteenth blessing with this text:
ืฉืžืข ืงื•ืœื ื• ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื—ื•ืก ื•ืจื—ื ืขืœื™ื ื• ื•ืงื‘ืœ ื‘ืจื—ืžื™ื ื•ื‘ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืืช ืชืคืœืชื ื• ืžืœืคื ื™ืš ืžืœื›ื ื• ืจื™ืงื ืืœ ืชืฉื™ื‘ื ื• ืขื ื ื• ืื‘ื™ื ื• ืขื ื ื• ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฆื•ื ืชืขื ื™ืชื ื• ื›ื™ ื‘ืฆืจื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืืœ ืชืกืชืจ ืคื ื™ืš ืžืžื ื• ื•ืืœ ืชืขืœื ืื–ื ืš ืžืฉืžื•ืข ื‘ืงืฉืชื ื• ื•ื”ื™ื” ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืฉื•ืขื ื• ื˜ืจื ื ืงืจื ื•ืืชื” ืชืขื ื” ื ื“ื‘ืจ ื•ืืชื” ืชืฉืžืข ื›ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื ืืžืจ ื•ื”ื™ื” ื˜ืจื ื™ืงืจืื• ื•ืื ื™ ืืขื ื” ืขื•ื“ ื”ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ืื ื™ ืืฉืžืข ื›ื™ ืืชื” ืฉื•ืžืข ืชืคืœืช ื›ืœ ืคื” ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื™ื™' ืฉื•ืžืข ืชืคืœื”
ื•ืฉืœื™ื— ืฆื‘ื•ืจ ืื•ืžืจ ื ื•ืกื— ื–ื” ื‘ืจื›ื” ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื” ืื—ืจ ื‘ืจื›ื” ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ืื•ืžืจ
The chazan recites this text as an independent blessing after the seventh blessing, saying:
ืขื ื ื• ื•ื›ื•' ืขื“ ื›ื™ ืืœ ืขื•ื ื” ื‘ืขืช ืฆืจื” ืคื•ื“ื” ื•ืžืฆื™ืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช ืฆืจื” ื•ืฆื•ืงื” ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื™ื™' ื”ืขื•ื ื” ื‘ืขืช ืฆืจื”
ื‘ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ื—ืžื” ืื•ืžืจ ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื” ืฉื ื™ื” ืจื‘ ืœื”ื•ืฉื™ืข ืžื•ืจื™ื“ ื”ื˜ืœ ืžื›ืœื›ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื—ืกื“ ื•ื›ื•' ื•ืžื‘ืจืš ื‘ืจื›ื” ืชืฉื™ืขื™ืช ื‘ื ื•ืกื— ื–ื” ื‘ืจื›ื ื• ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืขืฉื” ื™ื“ื™ื ื• ื•ื‘ืจืš ืืช ืฉื ืชื ื• ื‘ื˜ืœืœื™ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื›ื” ื•ื ื“ื‘ื” ื›ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื™ื™' ืžื‘ืจืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ืœื™ืœ ืžื•ืฆืื™ ืฉื‘ืช ื•ื‘ืžื•ืฆืื™ ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ืคื•ืจื™ื ื•ื‘ืžื•ืฆืื™ ื™ืžื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืžื‘ืจืš ื‘ืจื›ื” ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื‘ื ื•ืกื— ื–ื”:
ืืชื” ื—ื•ื ืŸ ืœืื“ื ื“ืขืช ื•ืžืœืžื“ ืœืื ื•ืฉ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืืชื” ื”ื‘ื“ืœืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงื“ืฉ ืœื—ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ืจ ืœื—ืฉืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืขืžื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ ืœืฉืฉืช ื™ืžื™ ื”ืžืขืฉื” ื›ืฉื ืฉื”ื‘ื“ืœืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงื“ืฉ ืœื—ื•ืœ ื›ืŸ ืคื“ื ื• ื•ื”ืฆื™ืœื ื• ืžื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ืžืฉื—ื™ืช ื•ืžื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ืคื•ืจืขื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืชืจื’ืฉื•ืช ืœื‘ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื•ืฉืžืจื ื• ืžืŸ ื”ื›ืœ ื•ื—ื ื ื• ืžืืชืš ื•ื›ื•':
ื‘ืจืืฉื™ ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื•ื‘ื—ื•ืœื• ืฉืœ ืžื•ืขื“ ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช ื™"ื– ื‘ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ื•ืฉื—ืจื™ืช ื•ืžื ื—ื” ื•ืžื‘ืจืš ืื•ืชื” ื‘ื ื•ืกื— ื–ื”:
ืจืฆื” ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื•ื›ื•' ืขื“ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืžืš ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื•ืืœื”ื™ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื™ืขืœื” ื•ื™ื‘ื ื•ื›ื•' ื•ืชื—ื–ื™ื ื” ืขื™ื ื™ื ื• ื•ื›ื•' ื•ื‘ื—ื•ืœื• ืฉืœ ืžื•ืขื“ ืื•ืžืจ ื‘ื™ื•ื ืžืงืจื ืงื“ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ืžื•ืขื“ ื—ื’ ื”ืžืฆื•ืช ื”ื–ื” ืื• ื‘ื™ื•ื ืžื•ืขื“ ื—ื’ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ื–ื” ืื• ื‘ื™ื•ื ืžื•ืขื“ ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช ื”ื–ื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ืชืขื ื™ืช ืžื‘ืจืš ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื‘ืจื›ืช ื™"ื• ื‘ื ื•ืกื— ื–ื”:
ืฉืžืข ืงื•ืœื ื• ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื—ื•ืก ื•ืจื—ื ืขืœื™ื ื• ื•ืงื‘ืœ ื‘ืจื—ืžื™ื ื•ื‘ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืืช ืชืคืœืชื ื• ืžืœืคื ื™ืš ืžืœื›ื ื• ืจื™ืงื ืืœ ืชืฉื™ื‘ื ื• ืขื ื ื• ืื‘ื™ื ื• ืขื ื ื• ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฆื•ื ืชืขื ื™ืชื ื• ื›ื™ ื‘ืฆืจื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืืœ ืชืกืชืจ ืคื ื™ืš ืžืžื ื• ื•ืืœ ืชืขืœื ืื–ื ืš ืžืฉืžื•ืข ื‘ืงืฉืชื ื• ื•ื”ื™ื” ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืฉื•ืขื ื• ื˜ืจื ื ืงืจื ื•ืืชื” ืชืขื ื” ื ื“ื‘ืจ ื•ืืชื” ืชืฉืžืข ื›ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื ืืžืจ ื•ื”ื™ื” ื˜ืจื ื™ืงืจืื• ื•ืื ื™ ืืขื ื” ืขื•ื“ ื”ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ืื ื™ ืืฉืžืข ื›ื™ ืืชื” ืฉื•ืžืข ืชืคืœืช ื›ืœ ืคื” ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื™ื™' ืฉื•ืžืข ืชืคืœื” ื•ืฉืœื™ื— ืฆื‘ื•ืจ ืื•ืžืจ ื ื•ืกื— ื–ื” ื‘ืจื›ื” ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื” ืื—ืจ ื‘ืจื›ื” ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ืื•ืžืจ ืขื ื ื• ื•ื›ื•' ืขื“ ื›ื™ ืืœ ืขื•ื ื” ื‘ืขืช ืฆืจื” ืคื•ื“ื” ื•ืžืฆื™ืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช ืฆืจื” ื•ืฆื•ืงื” ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื™ื™' ื”ืขื•ื ื” ื‘ืขืช ืฆืจื”:
ื‘ืชืฉืขื” ื‘ืื‘ ืžื‘ืจืš ื‘ืจื›ืช ืืจื‘ืข ืขืฉืจื” ื‘ื ื•ืกื— ื–ื”
On Tishah B'Av, one should recite the fourteenth blessing with this text:
ืจื—ื ื™ื™' ืขืœื™ื ื• ืขืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืžืš ื•ืขืœ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืขื™ืจืš ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ืื‘ืœื” ื”ื—ืจื‘ื” ื”ืฉื•ืžืžื” ื”ื ืชื•ื ื” ื‘ื™ื“ ื–ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื•ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืจืืฉ ืœื” ื—ืคื•ื™ ื›ืืฉื” ืขืงืจื” ืฉืœื ื™ืœื“ื” ื•ื™ื‘ืœืขื•ื” ืœื’ื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื™ื™ืจืฉื•ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ืคืกื™ืœื™ื ื•ื™ืชื ื• ื ื‘ืœืช ืขื‘ื“ื™ืš ืžืื›ืœ ืœืขื•ืฃ ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืœื‘ื”ืžืช ื”ืืจืฅ ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืจืจ ื‘ืžืจ ืชื‘ื›ื” ื•ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืชืชืŸ ืงื•ืœื” ืœื‘ื™ ืœื‘ื™ ืขืœ ื—ืœืœื™ื”ื ืžืขื™ ืžืขื™ ืขืœ ื”ืจื•ื’ื™ื”ื ืจืื” ื™ื™' ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื” ื•ืจืื” ืฉื•ืžืžื•ืชื™ื” ื•ื ื—ืžื ื” ื›ื™ ื‘ืืฉ ื”ืฆืชื” ื•ื‘ืืฉ ืืชื” ืขืชื™ื“ ืœื‘ื ื•ืชื” ื›ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื•ืื ื™ ืื”ื™ื” ืœื” ื ืื ื™ื™' ื—ื•ืžืช ืืฉ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื•ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืื”ื™ื” ื‘ืชื•ื›ื” ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื™ื™' ื‘ื•ื ื” ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื
ื‘ืคื•ืจื™ื ืžื‘ืจืš ื‘ืจื›ืช ืฉืžื ื” ืขืฉืจื” ื‘ื ื•ืกื— ื–ื”
On Purim, one should recite the eighteenth blessing with this text:
ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืื ื—ื ื• ืœืš ืฉืืชื” ื”ื•ื ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ื”ืžืกื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื“ืš ืขืœ ื ืฉืžื•ืชื™ื ื• ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืœืš ืขืœ ื ืกื™ืš ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื•ื™ื•ื ื•ืขืœ ื ืคืœืื•ืชื™ืš ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช ื›ื•' ืขืœ ื”ื ืกื™ื ื•ืขืœ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืจื•ืช ื•ืขืœ ื”ืชืฉื•ืขื•ืช ื•ื›ื•' ื•ืขืœ ื›ื•ืœื ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ืื ื• ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืœืš ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื›ื™ ืœื ื›ืœื• ื•ื›ื•'
ื‘ื—ื ื•ื›ื” ืžื‘ืจืš ื‘ืจื›ื” ื–ื• ื‘ื ื•ืกื— ื–ื”
On Chanukah, one should recite this blessing with this text:
ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืื ื—ื ื• ืœืš ื›ื•' ืขื“ ื•ืขืœ ื ืคืœืื•ืชื™ืš ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช ืขืจื‘ ื•ื‘ื•ืงืจ ื•ืฆื”ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื ืกื™ื ื›ื•' ืขื“ ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืŸ ื‘ืื• ื‘ื ื™ืš ื•ื›ื•'
ื‘ืชืฉืขื” ื‘ืื‘ ืžื‘ืจืš ื‘ืจื›ืช ืืจื‘ืข ืขืฉืจื” ื‘ื ื•ืกื— ื–ื”:
ืจื—ื ื™ื™' ืขืœื™ื ื• ืขืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืžืš ื•ืขืœ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืขื™ืจืš ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ืื‘ืœื” ื”ื—ืจื‘ื” ื”ืฉื•ืžืžื” ื”ื ืชื•ื ื” ื‘ื™ื“ ื–ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื•ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืจืืฉ ืœื” ื—ืคื•ื™ ื›ืืฉื” ืขืงืจื” ืฉืœื ื™ืœื“ื” ื•ื™ื‘ืœืขื•ื” ืœื’ื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื™ื™ืจืฉื•ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ืคืกื™ืœื™ื ื•ื™ืชื ื• ื ื‘ืœืช ืขื‘ื“ื™ืš ืžืื›ืœ ืœืขื•ืฃ ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืœื‘ื”ืžืช ื”ืืจืฅ ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืจืจ ืชื‘ื›ื” ื•ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืชืชืŸ ืงื•ืœื” ืœื‘ื™ ืœื‘ื™ ืขืœ ื—ืœืœื™ื”ื ืžืขื™ ืžืขื™ ืขืœ ื”ืจื•ื’ื™ื”ื ืจืื” ื™ื™' ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื” ื•ืจืื” ืฉื•ืžืžื•ืชื™ื” ื•ื ื—ืžื ื” ื›ื™ ื‘ืืฉ ื”ืฆืชื” ื•ื‘ืืฉ ืืชื” ืขืชื™ื“ ืœื‘ื ื•ืชื” ื›ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื•ืื ื™ ืื”ื™ื” ืœื” ื ืื ื™ื™' ื—ื•ืžืช ืืฉ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื•ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืื”ื™ื” ื‘ืชื•ื›ื” ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื™ื™' ื‘ื•ื ื” ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ืคื•ืจื™ื ืžื‘ืจืš ื‘ืจื›ืช ืฉืžื ื” ืขืฉืจื” ื‘ื ื•ืกื— ื–ื”:
ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืื ื—ื ื• ืœืš ืฉืืชื” ื”ื•ื ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ื”ืžืกื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื“ืš ืขืœ ื ืฉืžื•ืชื™ื ื• ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืœืš ืขืœ ื ืกื™ืš ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื•ื™ื•ื ื•ืขืœ ื ืคืœืื•ืชื™ืš ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช ื›ื•' ืขืœ ื”ื ืกื™ื ื•ืขืœ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืจื•ืช ื•ืขืœ ื”ืชืฉื•ืขื•ืช ื•ื›ื•' ื•ืขืœ ื›ื•ืœื ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ืื ื• ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืœืš ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื›ื™ ืœื ื›ืœื• ื•ื›ื•':
ื‘ื—ื ื•ื›ื” ืžื‘ืจืš ื‘ืจื›ื” ื–ื• ื‘ื ื•ืกื— ื–ื”:
ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืื ื—ื ื• ืœืš ื›ื•' ืขื“ ื•ืขืœ ื ืคืœืื•ืชื™ืš ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช ืขืจื‘ ื•ื‘ื•ืงืจ ื•ืฆื”ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื ืกื™ื ื›ื•' ืขื“ ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืŸ ื‘ืื• ื‘ื ื™ืš ื•ื›ื•':
ืฉืœื™ื— ืฆื‘ื•ืจ ืžื‘ืจืš ืœืขื•ืœื ื‘ืจื›ื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ื‘ื ื•ืกื— ื–ื”
The chazan always recites the third blessing with this text:4
ื ืงื“ื™ืฉืš ื•ื ืžืœื™ื›ืš ื•ื ืฉืœืฉ ืœืš ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืžืฉื•ืœืฉืช ื›ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ ื ื‘ื™ืืš ื•ืงืจื ื–ื” ืืœ ื–ื” ื•ืืžืจ
ืงื“ื•ืฉ ืงื“ื•ืฉ ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื™ื™' ืฆื‘ืื•ืช ืžืœื ื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื•5
ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื• ื•ื’ื“ืœื• ืžืœื ืขื•ืœื ื•ืžืฉืจืชื™ื• ืฉื•ืืœื™ื ืื™ื” ืžืงื•ื ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื• ืœื”ืขืจื™ืฆื• ืœืขื•ืžืชื ืžืฉื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืื•ืžืจื™ื
ื‘ืจื•ืš ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื™ื™' ืžืžืงื•ืžื•6
ืžืžืงื•ืžืš ืžืœื›ื ื• ืชื•ืคื™ืข ื•ืชืžืœื•ืš ืขืœื™ื ื• ื›ื™ ืžื—ื›ื™ื ืื ื—ื ื• ืœืš ืžืชื™ ืชืžืœื•ืš ื‘ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ื•ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื• ืชืฉื›ื•ืŸ ืชืชื’ื“ืœ ื•ืชืชืงื“ืฉ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืขื™ืจืš ืœื“ื•ืจ ื•ื“ื•ืจ ืœื ืฆื— ื ืฆื—ื™ื ื•ืขื™ื ื™ื ื• ืชืจืื™ื ื” ื‘ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืขื•ื–ืš ื›ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืืžื•ืจ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืงื“ืฉืš ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื“ื•ื“ ืžืฉื™ื— ืฆื“ืงืš ื™ืžืœื•ืš ื™ื™' ืœืขื•ืœื ืืœื”ื™ืš ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืœื“ื•ืจ ื•ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืœืœื•ื™ื”7
ืœื“ื•ืจ ื•ื“ื•ืจ ื ื’ื™ื“ ื’ื“ืœืš ื•ืœื ืฆื— ื ืฆื—ื™ื ืงื“ื•ืฉืชืš ื ืงื“ื™ืฉ ื•ืฉื‘ื—ืš ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ืžืคื™ื ื• ืœื ื™ืžื•ืฉ ื›ื™ ืืœ ืžืœืš ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ืงื“ื•ืฉ ืืชื” ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื™ื™' ื”ืืœ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ
ื‘ืขืช ืฉืฉืœื™ื— ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืื•ืžืจ ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื” ื–ื• ื•ืงืจื ื–ื” ืืœ ื–ื” ื›ืœ ื”ืขื ืขื•ื ื™ืŸ ืงื“ื•ืฉ ืงื“ื•ืฉ ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื•ื›ื•'
In this blessing, when the chazan says V'kara zah el zeh, all of the people should respond Kadosh, Kadosh, Kadosh…,
ื•ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ืื™ื” ืžืงื•ื ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื• ื›ืœ ื”ืขื ืขื•ื ื™ืŸ ืžืฉื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ืจื•ืš ื›ื•'
When he says Ayei Makom K'vodo, all of the people should respond Baruch….
ื•ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ื•ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื• ื›ืœ ื”ืขื ืขื•ื ื™ืŸ ืืžืŸ
When he says B'chayeinu u'veyameinu, all of the people should respond Amen.
ื•ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื“ื•ื“ ืžืฉื™ื— ืฆื“ืงืš ื›ืœ ื”ืขื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื™ืžืœื•ืš ื™ื™' ืœืขื•ืœื
When he says Al yedei David Mashiach tzidkecha, all of the people should respond Yimloch Adonai Leolam….
ื•ื›ืœ ืืœื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืขื•ื ื™ืŸ ื”ืฆื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ืงื•ืจื ืขืžื”ืŸ ื•ืœื ื™ื’ื‘ื™ื” ืงื•ืœื• ื‘ืขืช ืฉื”ืŸ ืขื•ื ื™ืŸ ืขืžื•
The chazan joins the congregation in all these responses. He should not raise his voice while they are responding with him.
ื•ืื—ื“ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื•ืื—ื“ ื”ืฉ"ืฅ ื‘ืขืฉืจื” ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืžืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ืขื“ ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ืคื•ืจื™ื ืื•ืžืจ ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื‘ืจื›ื” ื–ื•
During the ten days between Rosh HaShanah and Yom Kippur, at the conclusion of this blessing, both an individual and the chazan should recite the following at the conclusion of this blessing:
ื›ืืžื•ืจ8 ื•ื™ื’ื‘ื” ื™ื™' ืฆื‘ืื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืคื˜ ื•ื”ืืœ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื ืงื“ืฉ ื‘ืฆื“ืงื” ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื™ื™' ื”ืžืœืš ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ
ืฉืœื™ื— ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืื•ืžืจ ืงื“ื™ืฉ ืœืขื•ืœื ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ ืชืคืœื” ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืœ ืชืคืœื” ื•ืื—ืจ ืฉืื•ืžืจ ืกื“ืจ ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช ืฉื™ืืžืจ ืกื“ืจ ื”ื™ื•ื ื™ืชื—ื ืŸ ืžืขื˜ ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืงื“ื™ืฉ ื•ื›ืฉื™ืฉืœื™ื ืœืงืจื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช ืฉื™ืชื—ื ืŸ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืชื—ื ื•ื ื™ื ื›ืฉื™ื’ืžื•ืจ ืชื—ื ื•ื ื™ื• ื™ืืžืจ ืงื“ื™ืฉ:
The chazan should always recite Kaddish before every prayer service and after every prayer service and also after he recites the repetition and translation of the Kedushah,9i.e., whenever he recites the repetition and translation of the Kedushah, he should recite some supplicatory prayers and then recite the Kaddish. Similarly, when one concludes reading the Torah and any time one recites supplicatory prayers, after concluding those prayers, he should recite Kaddish.
ืฉืœื™ื— ืฆื‘ื•ืจ ืžื‘ืจืš ืœืขื•ืœื ื‘ืจื›ื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ื‘ื ื•ืกื— ื–ื”:
ื ืงื“ื™ืฉืš ื•ื ืžืœื™ื›ืš ื•ื ืฉืœืฉ ืœืš ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืžืฉื•ืœืฉืช ื›ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ ื ื‘ื™ืืš ื•ืงืจื ื–ื” ืืœ ื–ื” ื•ืืžืจ ืงื“ื•ืฉ ืงื“ื•ืฉ ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื™ื™' ืฆื‘ืื•ืช ืžืœื ื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื• ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื• ื•ื’ื“ืœื• ืžืœื ืขื•ืœื ื•ืžืฉืจืชื™ื• ืฉื•ืืœื™ื ืื™ื” ืžืงื•ื ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื• ืœื”ืขืจื™ืฆื• ืœืขื•ืžืชื ืžืฉื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ืจื•ืš ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื™ื™' ืžืžืงื•ืžื• ืžืžืงื•ืžืš ืžืœื›ื ื• ืชื•ืคื™ืข ื•ืชืžืœื•ืš ืขืœื™ื ื• ื›ื™ ืžื—ื›ื™ื ืื ื—ื ื• ืœืš ืžืชื™ ืชืžืœื•ืš ื‘ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ื•ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื• ืชืฉื›ื•ืŸ ืชืชื’ื“ืœ ื•ืชืชืงื“ืฉ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืขื™ืจืš ืœื“ื•ืจ ื•ื“ื•ืจ ืœื ืฆื— ื ืฆื—ื™ื ื•ืขื™ื ื™ื ื• ืชืจืื™ื ื” ื‘ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืขื•ื–ืš ื›ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืืžื•ืจ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืงื“ืฉืš ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื“ื•ื“ ืžืฉื™ื— ืฆื“ืงืš ื™ืžืœื•ืš ื™ื™' ืœืขื•ืœื ืืœื”ื™ืš ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืœื“ื•ืจ ื•ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืœืœื•ื™ื” ืœื“ื•ืจ ื•ื“ื•ืจ ื ื’ื™ื“ ื’ื“ืœืš ื•ืœื ืฆื— ื ืฆื—ื™ื ืงื“ื•ืฉืชืš ื ืงื“ื™ืฉ ื•ืฉื‘ื—ืš ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ืžืคื™ื ื• ืœื ื™ืžื•ืฉ ื›ื™ ืืœ ืžืœืš ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ืงื“ื•ืฉ ืืชื” ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื™ื™' ื”ืืœ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืขืช ืฉืฉืœื™ื— ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืื•ืžืจ ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื” ื–ื• ื•ืงืจื ื–ื” ืืœ ื–ื” ื›ืœ ื”ืขื ืขื•ื ื™ืŸ ืงื“ื•ืฉ ืงื“ื•ืฉ ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื•ื›ื•' ื•ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ืื™ื” ืžืงื•ื ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื• ื›ืœ ื”ืขื ืขื•ื ื™ืŸ ืžืฉื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ืจื•ืš ื›ื•' ื•ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ื•ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื• ื›ืœ ื”ืขื ืขื•ื ื™ืŸ ืืžืŸ ื•ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจืข"ื™ื“ื•ื“ ืžืฉื™ื— ืฆื“ืงืš ื›ืœ ื”ืขื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื™ืžืœื•ืš ื™ื™' ืœืขื•ืœื ื•ื›ืœ ืืœื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืขื•ื ื™ืŸ ื”ืฆื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ืงื•ืจื ืขืžื”ืŸ ื•ืœื ื™ื’ื‘ื™ื” ืงื•ืœื• ื‘ืขืช ืฉื”ืŸ ืขื•ื ื™ืŸ ืขืžื• ื•ืื—ื“ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื•ืื—ื“ ื”ืฉ"ืฅ ื‘ืขืฉืจื” ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืžืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ืขื“ ื™ื•ื”"ื› ืื•ืžืจ ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื‘ืจื›ื” ื–ื• ื›ืืžื•ืจ ื•ื™ื’ื‘ื” ื™"ื™ ืฆื‘ืื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืคื˜ ื•ื”ืืœ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื ืงื“ืฉ ื‘ืฆื“ืงื” ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื™"ื™ ื”ืžืœืš ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ืฉืœื™ื— ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืื•ืžืจ ืงื“ื™ืฉ ืœืขื•ืœื ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ ืชืคืœื” ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืœ ืชืคืœื” ื•ืื—ืจ ืฉืื•ืžืจ ืกื“ืจ ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช ืฉื™ืืžืจ ืกื“ืจ ื”ื™ื•ื ื™ืชื—ื ืŸ ืžืขื˜ ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืงื“ื™ืฉ ื•ื›ืฉื™ืฉืœื™ื ืœืงืจื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช ืฉื™ืชื—ื ืŸ ื‘ืจื‘ืจื™ ืชื—ื ื•ื ื™ื ื›ืฉื™ื’ืžื•ืจ ืชื—ื ื•ื ื™ื• ื™ืืžืจ ืงื“ื™ืฉ:
ื ื•ืกื— ื”ืงื“ื™ืฉ The Text of the Kaddish –
ื™ืชื’ื“ืœ ื•ื™ืชืงื“ืฉ ืฉืžื™ื” ืจื‘ื ื‘ืขืœืžื ื“ื‘ืจื ื›ืจืขื•ืชื™ื” ื•ื™ืžืœื™ืš ืžืœื›ื•ืชื™ื” ื•ื™ืฆืžื— ืคื•ืจืงื ื™ื” ื•ื™ืงืจื‘ ืžืฉื™ื—ื™ื” ื•ื™ืคืจื•ืง ืขืžื™ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื™ื•ืžื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื”ื•ืŸ ื“ื›ืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืขื’ืœื ื•ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืงืจื™ื‘ ื•ืืžืจื• ืืžืŸ ื™ื”ื ืฉืžื™ื” ืจื‘ื ืžื‘ืจืš ืœืขืœื ื•ืœืขืœืžื™ ืขืœืžื™ื ื™ืชื‘ืจืš ื•ื›ื•'
ื‘ืขืช ืฉื™ืืžืจ ืฉืœื™ื— ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื™ืชื’ื“ืœ ื•ื™ืชืงื“ืฉ ืฉืžื™ื” ืจื‘ื ื›ืœ ื”ืขื ืขื•ื ื™ืŸ ืืžืŸ
When the chazan says: Yisgadal viyiskadash shmei rabba, the entire congregation should respond Amen.
ื•ื‘ืขืช ืฉื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ืชื—ืœื” ื•ืืžืจื• ืืžืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ืขื ืขื•ื ื™ืŸ
When the chazan says VeImru Amen at the outset, the entire congregation should respond:
ืืžืŸ ื™ื”ื ืฉืžื™ื” ืจื‘ื ืžื‘ืจืš ืœืขืœื ื•ืœืขืœืžื™ ืขืœืžื™ื
ื•ืžืฆื•ืช ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœืขื ื•ืช ืืžืŸ ื™ื”ื ืฉืžื™ื” ืจื‘ื ืžื‘ืจืš ื‘ื›ืœ ื›ื—ื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื
It is a mitzvah of the early Sages10 for a person to respond Amen: Yehei shmei rabba mevorach… with all his strength.
ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ื™ืชื‘ืจืš ื›ืœ ื”ืขื ืขื•ื ื™ืŸ ืืžืŸ ื•ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ื‘ืจื™ืš ื”ื•ื ื›ืœ ื”ืขื ืขื•ื ื™ืŸ ืืžืŸ ื•ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื•ืืžืจื• ืืžืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ืขื ืขื•ื ื™ืŸ ืืžืŸ ื•ื›ืกื“ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืขื•ื ื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ืงื“ื™ืฉ ื•ืงื“ื™ืฉ
When the chazan says Yisbareich, all of the people should answer Amen. When he says, b'rich hu, all the people should answer Amen. And at the end, when he says veimru Amen, all the people should answer Amen. This pattern of responses should be followed whenever Kaddish is recited.
ืงื“ื™ืฉ ื‘ืชืจื The Concluding Kaddish –
ื›ืœ ืงื“ื™ืฉ ืฉืื•ืžืจ ืฉืœื™ื— ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืื—ืจ ืฉื’ื•ืžืจ ื”ืชืคืœื” ืฉืื™ื ื• ืื•ืžืจ ืื—ืจื™ื• ื›ืœื•ื ืืœื ื›ืœ ื”ืขื ืฉื•ืžืขื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ื•ื ืคื˜ืจื™ืŸ ื ื”ื’ื• ื”ืขื ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ื ื•ืกื—ื ื–ื•
Whenever the chazan recites Kaddish following the recitation of a Shemoneh Esreh after which nothing else is recited, but rather, the people listen and depart, they have a custom of adding the following conclusion:
ืชืชืงื‘ืœ ืฆืœื•ืชื”ื•ืŸ ื•ืชืชืขื‘ื“ ื‘ืขื•ืชื”ื•ืŸ ื•ืฆืœื•ืชื”ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ืขื•ืชื”ื•ืŸ ื“ื›ืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืงื“ื ืื‘ื•ื”ื•ืŸ ื“ื‘ืฉืžื™ื ื™ื”ื ืฉืœืžื ืจื‘ื ื•ืกื™ื™ืขืชื ื•ืคื•ืจืงื ื ืžืฉืžื™ื ืขืœื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื•ืขืœื ื ื•ืขืœ ืงื”ืœื”ื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืืžืจื• ืืžืŸ
ืขื•ืฉื” ืฉืœื•ื ื‘ืžืจื•ืžื™ื• ื”ื•ื ื‘ืจื—ืžื™ื• ื™ืขืฉื” ืฉืœื•ื ืขืœื™ื ื• ื•ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืžืŸ
ื ื•ืกื— ื”ืงื“ื™ืฉ:
ื™ืชื’ื“ืœ ื•ื™ืชืงื“ืฉ ืฉืžื™ื” ืจื‘ื ื‘ืขืœืžื ื“ื‘ืจื ื›ืจืขื•ืชื™ื” ื•ื™ืžืœื™ืš ืžืœื›ื•ืชื™ื” ื•ื™ืฆืžื— ืคื•ืจืงื ื™ื” ื•ื™ืงืจื‘ ืžืฉื™ื—ื™ื” ื•ื™ืคืจื•ืง ืขืžื™ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื™ื•ืžื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื”ื•ืŸ ื“ื›ืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืขื’ืœื ื•ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืงืจื™ื‘ ื•ืืžืจื• ืืžืŸ ื™ื”ื ืฉืžื™ื” ืจื‘ื ืžื‘ืจืš ืœืขืœื ื•ืœืขืœืžื™ ืขืœืžื™ื ื™ืชื‘ืจืš ื•ื›ื•' ื‘ืขืช ืฉื™ืืžืจ ืฉืœื™ื— ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื™ืชื’ื“ืœ ื•ื™ืชืงื“ืฉ ืฉืžื™ื” ืจื‘ื ื›ืœ ื”ืขื ืขื•ื ื™ืŸ ืืžืŸ ื•ื‘ืขืช ืฉื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ืชื—ืœื” ื•ืืžืจื• ืืžืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ืขื ืขื•ื ื™ืŸ ืืžืŸ ื™ื”ื ืฉืžื™ื” ืจื‘ื ืžื‘ืจืš ืœืขืœื ื•ืœืขืœืžื™ ืขืœืžื™ื ื•ืžืฆื•ืช ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœืขื ื•ืช ืืžืŸ ื™ื”ื ืฉืžื™ื” ืจื‘ื ืžื‘ืจืš ื‘ื›ืœ ื›ื—ื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื ื•ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ื™ืชื‘ืจืš ื›ืœ ื”ืขื ืขื•ื ื™ืŸ ืืžืŸ ื•ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ื‘ืจื™ืš ื”ื•ื ื›ืœ ื”ืขื ืขื•ื ื™ืŸ ืืžืŸ ื•ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื•ืืžืจื• ืืžืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ืขื ืขื•ื ื™ืŸ ืืžืŸ ื•ื›ืกื“ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืขื•ื ื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ืงื“ื™ืฉ ื•ืงื“ื™ืฉ ืงื“ื™ืฉ ื‘ืชืจื ื›ืœ ืงื“ื™ืฉ ืฉืื•ืžืจ ืฉืœื™ื— ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืื—ืจ ืฉื’ื•ืžืจ ื”ืชืคืœื” ืฉืื™ื ื• ืื•ืžืจ ืื—ืจื™ื• ื›ืœื•ื ืืœื ื›ืœ ื”ืขื ืฉื•ืžืขื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ื•ื ืคื˜ืจื™ืŸ ื ื”ื’ื• ื”ืขื ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ื ื•ืกื—ื ื–ื•:
ืชืชืงื‘ืœ ืฆืœื•ืชื”ื•ืŸ ื•ืชืชืขื‘ื“ ื‘ืขื•ืชื”ื•ืŸ ื•ืฆืœื•ืชื”ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ืขื•ืชื”ื•ืŸ ื“ื›ืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืงื“ื ืื‘ื•ื”ื•ืŸ ื“ื‘ืฉืžื™ื ื™ื”ื ืฉืœืžื ืจื‘ื ื•ืกื™ื™ืขืชื ื•ืคื•ืจืงื ื ืžืฉืžื™ื ืขืœื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื•ืขืœื ื ื•ืขืœ ืงื”ืœื”ื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืืžืจื• ืืžืŸ ืขื•ืฉื” ืฉืœื•ื ื‘ืžืจื•ืžื™ื• ื”ื•ื ื‘ืจื—ืžื™ื• ื™ืขืฉื” ืฉืœื•ื ืขืœื™ื ื• ื•ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืžืŸ:
ืงื“ื™ืฉ ื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ The Kaddish of the Sages–
ื›ืœ ืขืฉืจื” ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื• ื™ืชืจ ืฉืขื•ืกืงื™ืŸ ื‘ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื” ืฉืขืœ ืคื” ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉื•ืช ืื• ื‘ื”ื’ื“ื•ืช ื›ืฉื”ืŸ ืžืกื™ื™ืžื™ืŸ ืื•ืžืจ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืŸ ืงื“ื™ืฉ ื‘ื ื•ืกื— ื–ื”
Whenever ten or more Jews who are involved in the study of the Oral Law – even the Midrashic or Aggadic portions – conclude their study, they recite a Kaddish using the following text:11
ื™ืชื’ื“ืœ ื•ื™ืชืงื“ืฉ ืฉืžื™ื” ืจื‘ื ื“ืขืชื™ื“ ืœื—ื“ืชื ืขืœืžื ื•ืœืื—ื™ื™ื ืžืชื™ื™ื ื•ืœืžื™ืคืจืง ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืœืžื™ื‘ื ื™ ืงืจืชื ื“ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื ื•ืœืฉื›ืœืœื ื”ื™ื›ืœื ืงื“ื™ืฉื ื•ืœืžื™ืขืงืจ ืคื•ืœื—ื ื ื ื•ื›ืจืื” ืžืŸ ืืจืขื ื•ืœืืชื‘ื ืคื•ืœื—ื ื ื“ืฉืžื™ื ืœืืชืจื™ื” ื‘ื–ื™ื•ื™ื” ื•ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื” ื•ื™ืžืœื™ืš ืžืœื›ื•ืชื™ื” ื•ื›ื•' ืขื“ ื•ื ื—ืžืชื ื“ืืžื™ืจืŸ ื‘ืขืœืžื ื•ืืžืจื• ืืžืŸ ืขืœ ืจื‘ื ืŸ ื•ืขืœ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื”ื•ืŸ ื•ืขืœ ืชืžื™ื“ื™ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื”ื•ืŸ ื“ืขืกืงื™ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื ื“ื™ ื‘ืืชืจื ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ื“ื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ืืชืจ ื•ืืชืจ ื™ื”ื ืœื”ื•ืŸ ื•ืœื›ื•ืŸ ื—ื™ื ื ื•ื—ืกื“ื ื•ืจื—ืžื™ ื•ืกื™ื™ืขืชื ื•ืจื•ื•ื—ื ืžืงื“ื ืื‘ื•ื”ื•ืŸ ื“ื‘ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืืžืจื• ืืžืŸ ื™ื”ื ืฉืœืžื ื•ื›ื•'
ื•ื–ื”ื• ื”ื ืงืจื ืงื“ื™ืฉ ื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ
This is called the Kaddish of the sages.
ืงื“ื™ืฉ ื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ ื›ืœ ืขืฉืจื” ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื• ื™ืชืจ ืฉืขื•ืกืงื™ืŸ ื‘ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื” ืฉืขืœ ืคื” ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉื•ืช ืื• ื‘ื”ื’ื“ื•ืช ื›ืฉื”ืŸ ืžืกื™ื™ืžื™ืŸ ืื•ืžืจ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืŸ ืงื“ื™ืฉ ื‘ื ื•ืกื— ื–ื”:
ื™ืชื’ื“ืœ ื•ื™ืชืงื“ืฉ ืฉืžื™ื” ืจื‘ื ื“ืขืชื™ื“ ืœื—ื“ืชื ืขืœืžื ื•ืœืื—ื™ื™ื ืžืชื™ื™ื ื•ืœืžื™ืคืจืง ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืœืžื™ื‘ื ื™ ืงืจืชื ื“ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื ื•ืœืฉื›ืœืœื ื”ื™ื›ืœื ืงื“ื™ืฉื ื•ืœืžื™ืขืงืจ ืคื•ืœื—ื ื ื ื•ื›ืจืื” ืžืŸ ืืจืขื ื•ืœืืชื‘ื ืคื•ืœื—ื ื ื“ืฉืžื™ื ืœืืชืจื™ื” ื‘ื–ื™ื•ื™ื” ื•ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื” ื•ื™ืžืœื™ืš ืžืœื›ื•ืชื™ื” ื•ื›ื•' ืขื“ ื•ื ื—ืžืชื ื“ืืžื™ืจืŸ ื‘ืขืœืžื ื•ืืžืจื• ืืžืŸ ืขืœ ืจื‘ื ืŸ ื•ืขืœ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื”ื•ืŸ ื•ืขืœ ืชืžื™ื“ื™ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื”ื•ืŸ ื“ืขืกืงื™ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื ื“ื™ ื‘ืืชืจื ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ื“ื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ืืชืจ ื•ืืชืจ ื™ื”ื ืœื”ื•ืŸ ื•ืœื›ื•ืŸ ื—ื™ื ื ื•ื—ืกื“ื ื•ืจื—ืžื™ ื•ืกื™ื™ืขืชื ื•ืจื•ื•ื—ื ืžืงื“ื ืื‘ื•ื”ื•ืŸ ื“ื‘ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืืžืจื• ืืžืŸ ื™ื”ื ืฉืœืžื ื•ื›ื•' ื•ื–ื”ื• ื”ื ืงืจื ืงื“ื™ืฉ ื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ:
ืžื ื”ื’ื ื• ืœื”ืชื—ื ืŸ ื‘ื ืคื™ืœืช ืคื ื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ืืœื• ืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ื›ื•ืœืŸ ื•ืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ืžืงืฆืชืŸ
It is our custom to supplicate while prostrated, reciting at times, all – and at times, selections from – these words and verses:
ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืื ื™ ื›ื•ืจืข ื•ืžืฉืชื—ื•ื” ื•ืžืชื—ื ืŸ ืœืคื ื™ืš ืื“ื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืืœื”ื™ ื”ืืœื”ื™ื ื•ืื“ื•ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื•ื ื™ื ื›ื™ ืœื ืขืœ ืฆื“ืงื•ืชื™ื ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืคื™ืœื™ื ืชื—ื ื•ื ื™ื ื• ืœืคื ื™ืš ื›ื™ ืขืœ ืจื—ืžื™ืš ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ื™ื™' ืฉืžืขื” ื™ื™' ืกืœื—ื” ื™ื™' ื”ืงืฉื™ื‘ื” ื•ืขืฉื” ืืœ ืชืื—ืจ12 ืžื” ื ืืžืจ ืœืคื ื™ืš ื”ืฉื ืžื” ื ื“ื‘ืจ ื•ืžื” ื ืฆื˜ื“ืง ื—ื˜ืื ื• ืขื•ื™ื ื• ื•ื”ืจืฉืขื ื• ื•ืžืจื“ื ื• ื•ืกืจื ื• ืžืžืฆื•ืชื™ืš ื•ืžืžืฉืคื˜ื™ืš13 ืœืš ื™ื™' ื”ืฆื“ืงื” ื•ืœื ื• ื‘ืฉืช ื”ืคื ื™ื14 ื”ื•ืฉื—ืจื• ืคื ื™ื ื• ืžืคื ื™ ื—ื˜ืืชื™ื ื• ื•ื ื›ืคืคื” ืงื•ืžืชื ื• ืžืคื ื™ ืืฉืžื•ืชื™ื ื• ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ืคื” ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ ื•ืœื ืžืฆื— ืœื”ืจื™ื ืจืืฉ ืืœื”ื™ ื‘ื•ืฉืชื™ ื•ื ื›ืœืžืชื™ ืœื”ืจื™ื ืืœื”ื™ ืคื ื™ ืืœื™ืš ื›ื™ ืขื•ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืจื‘ื• ืขื“ ืœืžืขืœื” ืจืืฉ ื•ืืฉืžืชื ื• ื’ื“ืœื” ืขื“ ืœืฉืžื™ื15
ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื• ืžืขืฉื™ื ืขืฉื” ืขืžื ื• ืฆื“ืงื” ืœืžืขืŸ ืฉืžืš ื•ื”ื•ืฉื™ืขื ื• ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื‘ื˜ื—ืชื ื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื ื‘ื™ืืš16 ืœืžืขืŸ ืฉืžื™ ืืืจื™ืš ืืคื™ ื•ืชื”ืœืชื™ ืื—ื˜ื ืœืš ืœื‘ืœืชื™ ื”ื›ืจื™ืชืš. ืœื ืœืžืขื ื›ื ืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื” ื‘ื™ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ื™ ืื ืœืฉื ืงื“ืฉื™ ืืฉืจ ื—ืœืœืชื ื‘ื’ื•ื™ื ืืฉืจ ื‘ืืชื ืฉื ืœื ืœื ื• ื™ื™'17
ืœื ืœื ื• ื›ื™ ืœืฉืžืš ืชืŸ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืขืœ ื—ืกื“ืš ืขืœ ืืžืชืš ืœืžื” ื™ืืžืจื• ื”ื’ื•ื™ื ืื™ื” ื ื ืืœื”ื™ื”ื18 ืื ื ื™ื™' ืืœ ืชืคืŸ ืืœ ืงืฉื™ ื”ืขื ื”ื–ื” ื•ืืœ ืจืฉืขื• ื•ืืœ ื—ื˜ืืชื•19 ืกืœื— ื ื ืœืขื•ืŸ ื”ืขื ื”ื–ื” ื›ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื—ืกื“ืš ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื ืฉืืชื” ืœืขื ื”ื–ื” ืžืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ืขื“ ื”ื ื”20 ื•ืกืœื—ืช ืœืขื•ื ื ื• ื›ื™ ืจื‘ ื”ื•ื21 ื™ื™' ืฉืžืขื” ื™ื™' ืกืœื—ื” ื™ื™' ื”ืงืฉื™ื‘ื” ื•ืขืฉื” ื•ืืœ ืชืื—ืจ ืœืžืขื ืš ืืœื”ื™ ื›ื™ ืฉืžืš ื ืงืจื ืขืœ ืขื™ืจืš ื•ืขืœ ืขืžืš22
ื ื”ื’ื• ื”ืขื ืœื”ืชื—ื ืŸ ืื—ืจ ื ืคื™ืœืช ืคื ื™ื ื›ืฉืžื’ื‘ื™ื” ืคื ื™ื• ืžืŸ ื”ืงืจืงืข ื‘ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ืืœื•
After supplicating while prostrated, the people accepted the custom of supplicating with these verses after lifting their heads from the ground:
ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื ื“ืข ืžื” ื ืขืฉื” ื›ื™ ืขืœื™ืš ืขื™ื ื™ื ื•23 ื–ื›ืจ ืจื—ืžื™ืš ื™ื™' ื•ื—ืกื“ื™ืš ื›ื™ ืžืขื•ืœื ื”ืžื”24 ืืœ ืชื–ื›ื•ืจ ืœื ื• ืขื•ื ื•ืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืžื”ืจ ื™ืงื“ืžื•ื ื• ืจื—ืžื™ืš ื›ื™ ื“ืœื•ื ื• ืžืื“25 ืงื•ืžื” ืขื–ืจืชื” ืœื ื• ื•ืคื“ื ื• ืœืžืขืŸ ื—ืกื“ืš26 ื™ื”ื™ ื—ืกื“ืš ื™ื™' ืขืœื™ื ื• ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ื—ืœื ื• ืœืš27 ืื ืขื•ื ื•ืช ืชืฉืžืจ ื™ื” ื™ื™' ืžื™ ื™ืขืžื•ื“ ื›ื™ ืขืžืš ื”ืกืœื™ื—ื” ืœืžืขืŸ ืชื•ืจื28 ื™ื™' ื”ื•ืฉื™ืขื” ื”ืžืœืš ื™ืขื ื ื• ื‘ื™ื•ื ืงืจืื ื•29 ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื™ื“ืข ื™ืฆืจื ื• ื–ื›ื•ืจ ื›ื™ ืขืคืจ ืื ื—ื ื•30 ืขื–ืจื ื• ืืœื”ื™ ื™ืฉืขื ื• ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉืžืš ื•ื”ืฆื™ืœื ื• ื•ื›ืคืจ ืขืœ ื—ื˜ืืชื™ื ื• ืœืžืขืŸ ืฉืžืš.31
ื•ื›ืŸ ื ื”ื’ื• ื”ืขื ืœื”ืชื—ื ืŸ ืื—ืจ ืกื“ืจ ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ืชื—ื ื•ื ื™ื ืืœื•
Similarly, after the repetition and translation of the Kedushah, the people follow the custom of reciting these supplications.
ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ ืื‘ืจื”ื ื™ืฆื—ืง ื•ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืฉืžืจื” ื–ืืช ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื™ืฆืจ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืœื‘ื‘ ืขืžืš ื•ื”ื›ืŸ ืœื‘ื‘ื ืืœื™ืš32 ื•ื”ื•ื ืจื—ื•ื ื™ื›ืคืจ ืขื•ืŸ ื•ื’ื•'33 ื›ื™ ืืชื” ื™ื™' ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืกืœื— ื•ืจื‘ ื—ืกื“ ืœื›ืœ ืงื•ืจืื™ืš34 ืฆื“ืงืชืš ืฆื“ืง ืœืขื•ืœื ื•ืชื•ืจืชืš ืืžืช35 ืžื™ ืืœ ื›ืžื•ืš ื ื•ืฉื ืขื•ืŸ ื•ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืคืฉืข ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื™ืจื—ืžื ื• ื™ื›ื‘ื•ืฉ ืขื•ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื•ื’ื•'36 ื‘ืจื•ืš ื™ื™' ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ื ื™ืขืžืก ืœื ื• ื”ืืœ ื™ืฉื•ืขืชื ื• ืกืœื”37 ื™ื™' ืฆื‘ืื•ืช ืขืžื ื• ืžืฉื’ื‘ ืœื ื• ืืœื”ื™ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืกืœื”38 ื™ื™' ืฆื‘ืื•ืช ืืฉืจื™ ืื“ื ื‘ื•ื˜ื— ื‘ืš39 ื‘ืจื•ืš ืื“ื•ื ื ื• ื‘ืจื•ืš ื‘ื•ืจืื ื• ื‘ืจื•ืš ืฉื‘ืจืื ื• ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ื• ื•ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืœื ื• ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืขื™ื ื•ื ืชืŸ ืœื ื• ืชื•ืจืช ืืžืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื•ื—ื™ื™ ืขื•ืœื ื ื˜ืข ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื• ื”ืจื—ืžืŸ ื™ืคืชื— ืœื‘ื ื• ืœืชืœืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจืชื• ื•ื™ืชืŸ ื‘ืœื‘ื ื• ืื”ื‘ืชื• ื•ื™ืจืืชื• ื•ืชื•ืจืชื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืจืฆื•ื ื• ื•ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื• ื‘ืœื‘ื‘ ืฉืœื ื•ื‘ื ืคืฉ ื—ืคืฆื” ืœืžืขืŸ ืœื ื ื™ื’ืข ืœืจื™ืง ื•ืœื ื ืœื“ ืœื‘ื”ืœื” ื›ืŸ ื™ื”ื™ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื•ืจื—ืžื™ื ืžืœืคื ื™ืš ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ืฉื ื—ื™ื” ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ื—ืงื™ืš ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื” ื•ืœื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื™ื— ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื ื–ื›ื” ื•ื ื™ืจืฉ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื—ื™ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื ืœืžืขืŸ ื™ื–ืžืจืš ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื•ืœื ื™ื“ื•ื ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ ืœืขื•ืœื ืื•ื“ืš40 ื™ื”ื™ื• ืœืจืฆื•ืŸ ืืžืจื™ ืคื™ ื•ื”ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ื™ ืœืคื ื™ืš ื™ื™' ืฆื•ืจื™ ื•ื’ื•ืืœื™.41
ืžื ื”ื’ื ื• ืœื”ืชื—ื ืŸ ื‘ื ืคื™ืœืช ืคื ื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ืืœื• ืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ื›ื•ืœืŸ ื•ืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ืžืงืฆืชืŸ ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืื ื™ ื›ื•ืจืข ื•ืžืฉืชื—ื•ื” ื•ืžืชื—ื ืŸ ืœืคื ื™ืš ืื“ื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืืœื”ื™ ื”ืืœื”ื™ื ื•ืื“ื•ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื•ื ื™ื ื›ื™ ืœื ืขืœ ืฆื“ืงื•ืชื™ื ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืคื™ืœื™ื ืชื—ื ื•ื ื™ื ื• ืœืคื ื™ืš ื›ื™ ืขืœ ืจื—ืžื™ืš ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ื™ื™' ืฉืžืขื” ื™ื™' ืกืœื—ื” ื™ื™' ื”ืงืฉื™ื‘ื” ื•ืขืฉื” ืืœ ืชืื—ืจ ืžื” ื ืืžืจ ืœืคื ื™ืš ื”ืฉื ืžื” ื ื“ื‘ืจ ื•ืžื” ื ืฆื˜ื“ืง ื—ื˜ืื ื• ืขื•ื™ื ื• ื•ื”ืจืฉืขื ื• ื•ืžืจื“ื ื• ื•ืกืจื ื• ืžืžืฆื•ืชื™ืš ื•ืžืžืฉืคื˜ื™ืš ืœืš ื™ื™' ื”ืฆื“ืงื” ื•ืœื ื• ื‘ืฉืช ื”ืคื ื™ื ื”ื•ืฉื—ืจื• ืคื ื™ื ื• ืžืคื ื™ ื—ื˜ืืชื™ื ื• ื•ื ื›ืคืคื” ืงื•ืžืชื ื• ืžืคื ื™ ืืฉืžื•ืชื™ื ื• ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ืคื” ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ ื•ืœื ืžืฆื— ืœื”ืจื™ื ืจืืฉ ืืœื”ื™ ื‘ื•ืฉืชื™ ื•ื ื›ืœืžืชื™ ืœื”ืจื™ื ืืœื”ื™ ืคื ื™ ืืœื™ืš ื›ื™ ืขื•ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืจื‘ื• ืขื“ ืœืžืขืœื” ืจืืฉ ื•ืืฉืžืชื ื• ื’ื“ืœื” ืขื“ ืœืฉืžื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื• ืžืขืฉื™ื ืขืฉื” ืขืžื ื• ืฆื“ืงื” ืœืžืขืŸ ืฉืžืš ื•ื”ื•ืฉื™ืขื ื• ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื‘ื˜ื—ืชื ื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื ื‘ื™ืืš ืœืžืขืŸ ืฉืžื™ ืืืจื™ืš ืืคื™ ื•ืชื”ืœืชื™ ืื—ื˜ื ืœืš ืœื‘ืœืชื™ ื”ื›ืจื™ืชืš ืœื ืœืžืขื ื›ื ืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื” ื‘ื™ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ื™ ืื ืœืฉื ืงื“ืฉื™ ืืฉืจ ื—ืœืœืชื ื‘ื’ื•ื™ื ืืฉืจ ื‘ืืชื ืฉื ืœื ืœื ื• ื™ื™' ืœื ืœื ื• ื›ื™ ืœืฉืžืš ืชืŸ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืขืœ ื—ืกื“ืš ืขืœ ืืžืชืš ืœืžื” ื™ืืžืจื• ื”ื’ื•ื™ื ืื™ื” ื ื ืืœื”ื™ื”ื ืื ื ื™ื™' ืืœ ืชืคืŸ ืืœ ืงืฉื™ ื”ืขื ื”ื–ื” ื•ืืœ ืจืฉืขื• ื•ืืœ ื—ื˜ืืชื• ืกืœื— ื ื ืœืขื•ืŸ ื”ืขื ื”ื–ื” ื›ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื—ืกื“ืš ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื ืฉืืชื” ืœืขื ื”ื–ื” ืžืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ืขื“ ื”ื ื” ื•ืกืœื—ืช ืœืขื•ื ื ื• ื›ื™ ืจื‘ ื”ื•ื ื™ื™' ืฉืžืขื” ื™ื™' ืกืœื—ื” ื™ื™' ื”ืงืฉื™ื‘ื” ื•ืขืฉื” ื•ืืœ ืชืื—ืจ ืœืžืขื ืš ืืœื”ื™ ื›ื™ ืฉืžืš ื ืงืจื ืขืœ ืขื™ืจืš ื•ืขืœ ืขืžืš:
ื ื”ื’ื• ื”ืขื ืœื”ืชื—ื ืŸ ืื—ืจ ื ืคื™ืœืช ืคื ื™ื ื›ืฉืžื’ื‘ื™ื” ืคื ื™ื• ืžืŸ ื”ืงืจืงืข ื‘ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ืืœื•:
ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื ื“ืข ืžื” ื ืขืฉื” ื›ื™ ืขืœื™ืš ืขื™ื ื™ื ื• ื–ื›ืจ ืจื—ืžื™ืš ื™ื™' ื•ื—ืกื“ื™ืš ื›ื™ ืžืขื•ืœื ื”ืžื” ืืœ ืชื–ื›ื•ืจ ืœื ื• ืขื•ื ื•ืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืžื”ืจ ื™ืงื“ืžื•ื ื• ืจื—ืžื™ืš ื›ื™ ื“ืœื•ื ื• ืžืื“ ืงื•ืžื” ืขื–ืจืชื” ืœื ื• ื•ืคื“ื ื• ืœืžืขืŸ ื—ืกื“ืš ื™ื”ื™ ื—ืกื“ืš ื™ื™' ืขืœื™ื ื• ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ื—ืœื ื• ืœืš ืื ืขื•ื ื•ืช ืชืฉืžืจ ื™ื” ื™ื™' ืžื™ ื™ืขืžื•ื“ ื›ื™ ืขืžืš ื”ืกืœื™ื—ื” ืœืžืขืŸ ืชื•ืจื ื™ื™' ื”ื•ืฉื™ืขื” ื”ืžืœืš ื™ืขื ื ื• ื‘ื™ื•ื ืงืจืื ื• ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื™ื“ืข ื™ืฆืจื ื• ื–ื›ื•ืจ ื›ื™ ืขืคืจ ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื–ืจื ื• ืืœื”ื™ ื™ืฉืขื ื• ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉืžืš ื•ื”ืฆื™ืœื ื• ื•ื›ืคืจ ืขืœ ื—ื˜ืืชื™ื ื• ืœืžืขืŸ ืฉืžืš:
ื•ื›ืŸ ื ื”ื’ื• ื”ืขื ืœื”ืชื—ื ืŸ ืื—ืจ ืกื“ืจ ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ืชื—ื ื•ื ื™ื ืืœื•:
ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ ืื‘ืจื”ื ื™ืฆื—ืง ื•ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืฉืžืจื” ื–ืืช ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื™ืฆืจ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืœื‘ื‘ ืขืžืš ื•ื”ื›ืŸ ืœื‘ื‘ื ืืœื™ืš ื•ื”ื•ื ืจื—ื•ื ื™ื›ืคืจ ืขื•ืŸ ื•ื’ื•' ื›ื™ ืืชื” ื™ื™' ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืกืœื— ื•ืจื‘ ื—ืกื“ ืœื›ืœ ืงื•ืจืื™ืš ืฆื“ืงืชืš ืฆื“ืง ืœืขื•ืœื ื•ืชื•ืจืชืš ืืžืช ืžื™ ืืœ ื›ืžื•ืš ื ื•ืฉื ืขื•ืŸ ื•ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืคืฉืข ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื™ืจื—ืžื ื• ื™ื›ื‘ื•ืฉ ืขื•ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื•ื’ื•' ื‘ืจื•ืš ื™ื™' ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ื ื™ืขืžืก ืœื ื• ื”ืืœ ื™ืฉื•ืขืชื ื• ืกืœื” ื™ื™' ืฆื‘ืื•ืช ืขืžื ื• ืžืฉื’ื‘ ืœื ื• ืืœื”ื™ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืกืœื” ื™ื™' ืฆื‘ืื•ืช ืืฉืจื™ ืื“ื ื‘ื•ื˜ื— ื‘ืš ื‘ืจื•ืš ืื“ื•ื ื ื• ื‘ืจื•ืš ื‘ื•ืจืื ื• ื‘ืจื•ืš ืฉื‘ืจืื ื• ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ื• ื•ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืœื ื• ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืขื™ื ื•ื ืชืŸ ืœื ื• ืชื•ืจืช ืืžืชืข"ื™ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื•ื—ื™ื™ ืขื•ืœื ื ื˜ืข ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื• ื”ืจื—ืžืŸ ื™ืคืชื— ืœื‘ื ื• ืœืชืœืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจืชื• ื•ื™ืชืŸ ื‘ืœื‘ื ื• ืื”ื‘ืชื• ื•ื™ืจืืชื• ื•ืชื•ืจืชื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืจืฆื•ื ื• ื•ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื• ื‘ืœื‘ื‘ ืฉืœื ื•ื‘ื ืคืฉ ื—ืคืฆื” ืœืžืขืŸ ืœื ื ื™ื’ืข ืœืจื™ืง ื•ืœื ื ืœื“ ืœื‘ื”ืœื” ื›ืŸ ื™ื”ื™ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื•ืจื—ืžื™ื ืžืœืคื ื™ืš ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ืฉื ื—ื™ื” ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ื—ืงื™ืš ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื” ื•ืœื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื™ื— ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื ื–ื›ื” ื•ื ื™ืจืฉ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื—ื™ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื ืœืžืขืŸ ื™ื–ืžืจืš ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื•ืœื ื™ื“ื•ื ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ ืœืขื•ืœื ืื•ื“ืš ื™ื”ื™ื• ืœืจืฆื•ืŸ ืืžืจื™ ืคื™ ื•ื”ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ื™ ืœืคื ื™ืš ื™ื™' ืฆื•ืจื™ ื•ื’ื•ืืœื™:
ื ื”ื’ื• ืžืงืฆืช ื”ืขื ืœืงืจื•ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืื—ืจ ืชื—ื ื•ื ื™ื ืืœื• ืฉื™ืจ ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื• ื”ืœื•ื™ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ื™ื•ื ื•ืงื•ืจื™ืŸ ืœื“ื•ื“ ืืœื™ืš ื™ื™' ื ืคืฉื™ ืืฉื ื›ืœ ื”ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ื•ืงื•ืจื™ืŸ
Some people follow the custom of reading the song that the Levites would recite in the Temple on that day of the week42 after these supplicatory prayers. The entire psalm43 beginning LeDavid Elechah Adonai… is recited. And then the following is recited:
ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืืœืขื–ืจ ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื—ื ื™ื ื ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืžืจื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื•ื ื•ื›ื•'44
ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ืื™ืŸ ื›ืื“ื•ื ื ื• ืื™ืŸ ื›ืžืœื›ื ื• ืื™ืŸ ื›ืžื•ืฉื™ืขื ื• ืžื™ ื›ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ืžื™ ื›ืื“ื•ื ื ื• ืžื™ ื›ืžืœื›ื ื• ืžื™ ื›ืžื•ืฉื™ืขื ื• ื ื•ื“ื” ืœืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื ื•ื“ื” ืœืื“ื•ื ื ื• ื ื•ื“ื” ืœืžืœื›ื ื• ื ื•ื“ื” ืœืžื•ืฉื™ืขื ื• ืืชื” ื”ื•ื ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ืืชื” ื”ื•ื ืื“ื•ื ื ื• ืืชื” ื”ื•ื ืžืœื›ื ื• ืืชื” ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืฉื™ืขื ื• ืืชื” ืชืงื•ื ืชืจื—ื ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื›ื™ ืขืช ืœื—ื ื ื” ื›ื™ ื‘ื ืžื•ืขื“45 ืืš ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื™ื•ื“ื• ืœืฉืžืš ื™ืฉื‘ื• ื™ืฉืจื™ื ืืช ืคื ื™ืš46 ื•ื™ื‘ื˜ื—ื• ื‘ืš ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ ืฉืžืš ื›ื™ ืœื ืขื–ื‘ืช ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ืš ื™ื™'47 ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืขืžื™ื ื™ืœื›ื• ืื™ืฉ ื‘ืฉื ืืœื”ื™ื• ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืœืš ื‘ืฉื ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ืœืขื•ืœื ื•ืขื“.48
ื›ื‘ืจ ืืžืจื ื• ื‘ืกืคืจ ื”ื–ื”49 ืฉื‘ื™ืžื™ ื”ืฉื‘ืชื•ืช ื•ื™ืžื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืžืชืคืœืœ ืื“ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืชืคืœื” ืฉื‘ืข ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืฉืœืฉ ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืฉืœืฉ ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืจื›ื” ืื—ืช ืืžืฆืขื™ืช ืžืขื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื•ื. ื•ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ื•ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื‘ืœ ืžืชืคืœืœ ื‘ืืžืฆืข ืฉืœืฉ ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืชืคืœืช ืžื•ืกืฃ ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื•ื ืžืฆื ืžืชืคืœืœ ื‘ืžื•ืกืฃ ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื• ืชืฉืข ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช. ื•ื‘ืžื•ืกืฃ ืจืืฉ ื—ื“ืฉ ื•ื‘ืžื•ืกืฃ ื—ื•ืœื• ืฉืœ ืžื•ืขื“ ืžืชืคืœืœ ืฉื‘ืข ืฉืœืฉ ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืฉืœืฉ ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืจื›ื” ืื—ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืข:
We have already said in this book that on the Sabbath and on festivals, in each of the prayer services, a person should recite seven blessings: the three opening blessings, the three concluding blessings, and one intermediate blessing that reflects the theme of that day. On Rosh HaShanah and on Yom Kippur in the Jubilee year, one recites three intermediate blessings during the Musaf Service. Thus on these two days,50 nine blessings are recited in the Musaf Service. In the Musaf Service of Rosh Chodesh and Chol HaMoed, one recites seven blessings: the three opening blessings, the three concluding blessings, and one intermediate blessing.
ื ื”ื’ื• ืžืงืฆืช ื”ืขื ืœืงืจื•ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืื—ืจ ืชื—ื ื•ื ื™ื ืืœื• ืฉื™ืจ ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื• ื”ืœื•ื™ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ื™ื•ื ื•ืงื•ืจื™ืŸ ืœื“ื•ื“ ืืœื™ืš ื™ื™' ื ืคืฉื™ ืืฉื ื›ืœ ื”ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ื•ืงื•ืจื™ืŸ ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืืœืขื–ืจ ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื—ื ื™ื ื ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืžืจื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื•ื ื•ื›ื•' ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ืื™ืŸ ื›ืื“ื•ื ื ื• ืื™ืŸ ื›ืžืœื›ื ื• ืื™ืŸ ื›ืžื•ืฉื™ืขื ื• ืžื™ ื›ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ืžื™ ื›ืื“ื•ื ื ื• ืžื™ ื›ืžืœื›ื ื• ืžื™ ื›ืžื•ืฉื™ืขื ื• ื ื•ื“ื” ืœืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื ื•ื“ื” ืœืื“ื•ื ื ื• ื ื•ื“ื” ืœืžืœื›ื ื• ื ื•ื“ื” ืœืžื•ืฉื™ืขื ื• ืืชื” ื”ื•ื ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ืืชื” ื”ื•ื ืื“ื•ื ื ื• ืืชื” ื”ื•ื ืžืœื›ื ื• ืืชื” ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืฉื™ืขื ื• ืืชื” ืชืงื•ื ืชืจื—ื ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื›ื™ ืขืช ืœื—ื ื ื” ื›ื™ ื‘ื ืžื•ืขื“ ืืš ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื™ื•ื“ื• ืœืฉืžืš ื™ืฉื‘ื• ื™ืฉืจื™ื ืืช ืคื ื™ืš ื•ื™ื‘ื˜ื—ื• ื‘ืš ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ ืฉืžืš ื›ื™ ืœื ืขื–ื‘ืช ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ืš ื™ื™' ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืขืžื™ื ื™ืœื›ื• ืื™ืฉ ื‘ืฉื ืืœื”ื™ื• ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืœืš ื‘ืฉื ื™ื™ ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ืœืขื•ืœื ื•ืขื“ ื›ื‘ืจ ืืžืจื ื• ื‘ืกืคืจ ื”ื–ื” ืฉื‘ื™ืžื™ ื”ืฉื‘ืชื•ืช ื•ื™ืžื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืžืชืคืœืœ ืื“ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืชืคืœื” ืฉื‘ืข ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืฉืœืฉ ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืฉืœืฉ ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืจื›ื” ืื—ืช ืืžืฆืขื™ืช ืžืขื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื•ื ื•ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ื•ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื‘ืœ ืžืชืคืœืœ ื‘ืืžืฆืข ืฉืœืฉ ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืชืคืœืช ืžื•ืกืฃ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื•ื ืžืฆื ืžืชืคืœืœ ื‘ืžื•ืกืฃ ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื• ืชืฉืข ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืžื•ืกืฃ ืจืืฉ ื—ื“ืฉ ื•ื‘ืžื•ืกืฃ ื—ื•ืœื• ืฉืœ ืžื•ืขื“ ืžืชืคืœืœ ืฉื‘ืข ืฉืœืฉ ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืฉืœืฉ ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืจื›ื” ืื—ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืข:
FOOTNOTES
1.The first parenthetical phrase is recited in the summer, the second in the winter.
2.The parenthetical addition is made in the winter.
3.Some texts of the Mishneh Torah also mention an addition for Shavuos, but that appears to be a printing error, since there is no Chol HaMoed for that holiday.
4.This represents the Kedushah. Significantly, the Rambam appears to be saying that the version of the blessing customarily recited only in the Morning Service on Sabbaths and festivals in most communities should be recited at all times.
5.Isaiah 6:3.
6.Ezekiel 3:12.
7.Psalms 146:10.
8.Isaiah 5:16.
9.The passage beginning Uva LeTziyon. See Hilchot Tefilah 9:6.
10.See Shabbos 119b.
11.At present, it is customary to recite these additions only when the Kaddish is recited upon the burial of a corpse and when concluding the study of a Talmudic tractate. There is, however, an additional passage added when reciting Kaddish D'Rabbanan: Al Yisrael v'al rabbanan….
12.Daniel 9:18.
13.Ibid.:5.
14.Ibid.:7.
15.Ezra 9:6.
16.Isaiah 48:9.
17.Ezekiel 36:22.
18.Psalms 115:1-2.
19.Deuteronomy 9:27.
20.Numbers 14:19.
21.Cf. Psalms 25:11.
22.Daniel 9:19.
23.II Chronicles 20:12.
24.Psalms 25:6.
25.Ibid. 79:8.
26.Ibid. 44:27.
27.Ibid. 33:22.
28.Ibid. 130:3-4.
29.Ibid. 20:10.
30.Ibid. 103:14.
31.Ibid. 79:9,
32.II Chronicles 29:18.
33.Psalms 78:38.
34.Ibid. 86:5.
35.Ibid. 119:142.
36.Michah 7:18-19.
37.Psalms 68:20.
38.Ibid. 46:8.
39.Ibid. 84:13.
40.Ibid. 30:13.
41.Ibid. 19:15.
42.See Tamid 7:4 where the Psalms recited are detailed.
43.Psalm 25.
44.Berachot 64a, et al. In most communities today, it is common to recite this passage after Ein K'Eloheinu, not before.
45.Psalms 102:14.
46.Ibid. 140:14.
47.Ibid. 9:11.
48.Michah4:5.
49.Hilchot Tefilah 2:8.
50.Two days, i.e., Rosh HaShanah and Yom Kippur, are mentioned, because according to Scriptural Law, Rosh HaShanah is observed for only one day.
Order of Prayers - The Text of All the Intermediate Blessings
ื‘ืจื›ื” ืืžืฆืขื™ืช ืฉืœ ืœื™ืœื™ ืฉื‘ืช The Intermediate Blessing Recited Friday Night –
ืืชื” ืงื“ืฉืช ืืช ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ ืœืฉืžืš ืชื›ืœื™ืช ืžืขืฉื” ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืืจืฅ ื•ื‘ืจื›ืชื• ืžื›ืœ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื•ืงื“ืฉืชื• ืžื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ื›ืืžื•ืจ1 ื•ื™ื‘ืจืš ืืœื”ื™ื ืืช ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ ื•ื™ืงื“ืฉ ืื•ืชื• ื•ื’ื•' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื•ืืœื”ื™ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืจืฆื” ื ื ื‘ืžื ื•ื—ืชื ื• ื•ื›ื•'
ื‘ืจื›ื” ืืžืฆืขื™ืช ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืฆืจ The Intermediate Blessing Recited Shabbat Morning –
ื™ืฉืžื— ืžืฉื” ื‘ืžืชื ืช ื—ืœืงื• ื›ื™ ืขื‘ื“ ื ืืžืŸ ืงืจืืช ืœื• ื›ืœื™ืœ ืชืคืืจืช ื‘ืจืืฉื• ื ืชืช ื‘ืขืžื“ื• ืœืคื ื™ืš ืขืœ ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™ ื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ื‘ื™ื“ื• ืฉื ื™ ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ืื‘ื ื™ื ื•ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ื”ืŸ ืฉืžื™ืจืช ืฉื‘ืช ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืชื•ืจืชืš2 ื•ืฉืžืจื• ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื›ื•' ื™ืฉืžื—ื• ื‘ืžืœื›ื•ืชืš ืฉื•ืžืจื™ ืฉื‘ืช ืงื•ืจืื™ ืขื•ื ื’ ืขื ืžืงื“ืฉื™ ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื•ืืœื”ื™ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืจืฆื” ื ื ื‘ืžื ื•ื—ืชื ื• ื›ื•' ืขื“ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื™ื™' ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ืฉื‘ืช
ื‘ืจื›ื” ืืžืฆืขื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžื•ืกืฃ ืฉื‘ืช The Intermediate Blessing Recited for Musaf on Shabbat –
ืœืžืฉื” ืฆื•ื™ืช ืขืœ ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™ ืžืฆื•ืช ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืžื•ืจ ื•ื–ื›ื•ืจ ื•ื‘ื• ืฆื•ื™ืชื ื• ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ืœืš ืงืจื‘ืŸ ืžื•ืกืฃ ื›ืจืื•ื™ ื™ื”ื™ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืžืœืคื ื™ืš ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ืฉืชืขืœื ื• ืœืืจืฆื ื• ื•ื›ื•' ื•ืืช ืžื•ืกืฃ ื™ื•ื ื”ืžื ื•ื— ื”ื–ื” ื ืขืฉื” ื•ื ืงืจื™ื‘ ื›ื•' ืขื“ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืฉื” ืขื‘ื“ืš ื•ืœื ื ืชืชื• ืžืœื›ื ื• ืœื’ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืืจืฆื•ืช ื•ืœื ื”ื ื—ืœืชื ื• ืžืœื›ื ื• ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ืืœื™ืœื™ื ื’ื ื‘ืžื ื•ื—ืชื• ืœื ื™ืฉื›ื ื• ืขืจืœื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ืชืชื• ื–ืจืข ื™ืฉื•ืจื•ืŸ ืืฉืจ ื‘ื ื‘ื—ืจืช ื—ืžื“ืช ื™ืžื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืงืจืืช ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื•ืืœื”ื™ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืจืฆื” ื ื ื‘ืžื ื•ื—ืชื ื• ื›ื•' ืขื“ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื™ื™' ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ืฉื‘ืช
ื‘ืจื›ื” ืืžืฆืขื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžื ื—ืช ืฉื‘ืช The Intermediate Blessing Recited Shabbat Afternoon –
ืืชื” ืื—ื“ ื•ืฉืžืš ืื—ื“ ื•ืžื™ ื›ืขืžืš ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื’ื•ื™ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืืจืฅ ืขื˜ืจืช ืชื”ืœื” ื•ืขื˜ืจืช ื™ืฉื•ืขื” ืœืขืžืš ื ืชืช ืื‘ืจื”ื ื™ื’ืœ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื™ืจื ืŸ ื™ืขืงื‘ ื•ื‘ื ื™ื• ื™ื ื•ื—ื• ื‘ื• ืžื ื•ื—ื” ืฉืœื™ืžื” ืฉืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ื‘ื” ื™ื›ื™ืจื• ื‘ื ื™ืš ื•ื™ื“ืขื• ื›ื™ ืžืืชืš ื”ื™ื ืžื ื•ื—ืชื ืชื ื—ื™ืœื ื• ืื‘ื™ื ื• ื•ืืœ ืชื”ื™ ืฆืจื” ื•ื™ื’ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ื ืžื ื•ื—ืชื ื• ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื•ืืœื”ื™ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื•ื›ื•'
ืกื“ืจ ืชืคืœื•ืช ื—ืœืง ืฉืœื™ืฉื™
ื. ื•ื–ื”ื• ื ื•ืกื— ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืืžืฆืขื™ื•ืช:
ื‘ืจื›ื” ืืžืฆืขื™ืช ืฉืœ ืœื™ืœื™ ืฉื‘ืช ืืชื” ืงื“ืฉืช ืืช ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ ืœืฉืžืš ืชื›ืœื™ืช ืžืขืฉื” ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืืจืฅ ื•ื‘ืจื›ืชื• ืžื›ืœ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื•ืงื“ืฉืชื• ืžื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ื›ืืžื•ืจ ื•ื™ื‘ืจืš ืืœื”ื™ื ืืช ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ ื•ื™ืงื“ืฉ ืื•ืชื• ื•ื’ื•' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื•ืืœื”ื™ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืจืฆื” ื ื ื‘ืžื ื•ื—ืชื ื• ื•ื›ื•' ื‘ืจื›ื” ืืžืฆืขื™ืช ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืฆืจ ื™ืฉืžื— ืžืฉื” ื‘ืžืชื ืช ื—ืœืงื• ื›ื™ ืขื‘ื“ ื ืืžืŸ ืงืจืืช ืœื• ื›ืœื™ืœ ืชืคืืจืช ื‘ืจืืฉื• ื ืชืช ื‘ืขืžื“ื• ืœืคื ื™ืš ืขืœ ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™ ื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ื‘ื™ื“ื• ืฉื ื™ ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ืื‘ื ื™ื ื•ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ื”ืŸ ืฉืžื™ืจืช ืฉื‘ืช ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืชื•ืจืชืš ื•ืฉืžืจื• ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื›ื•' ื™ืฉืžื—ื• ื‘ืžืœื›ื•ืชืš ืฉื•ืžืจื™ ืฉื‘ืช ืงื•ืจืื™ ืขื•ื ื’ ืขื ืžืงื“ืฉื™ ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื•ืืœื”ื™ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืจืฆื” ื ื ื‘ืžื ื•ื—ืชื ื• ื›ื•' ืขื“ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื™ื™' ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืจื›ื” ืืžืฆืขื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžื•ืกืฃ ืฉื‘ืช ืœืžืฉื” ืฆื•ื™ืช ืขืœ ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™ ืžืฆื•ืช ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืžื•ืจ ื•ื–ื›ื•ืจ ื•ื‘ื• ืฆื•ื™ืชื ื• ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ืœืš ืงืจื‘ืŸ ืžื•ืกืฃ ื›ืจืื•ื™ ื™ื”ื™ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืžืœืคื ื™ืš ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ืฉืชืขืœื ื• ืœืืจืฆื ื• ื•ื›ื•' ื•ืืช ืžื•ืกืฃ ื™ื•ื ื”ืžื ื•ื— ื”ื–ื” ื ืขืฉื” ื•ื ืงืจื™ื‘ ื›ื•' ืขื“ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืฉื” ืขื‘ื“ืš ื•ืœื ื ืชืชื• ืžืœื›ื ื• ืœื’ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืืจืฆื•ืช ื•ืœื ื”ื ื—ืœืชื ื• ืžืœื›ื ื• ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ืืœื™ืœื™ื ื’ื ื‘ืžื ื•ื—ืชื• ืœื ื™ืฉื›ื ื• ืขืจืœื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ืชืชื• ื–ืจืข ื™ืฉื•ืจื•ืŸ ืืฉืจ ื‘ื ื‘ื—ืจืช ื—ืžื“ืช ื™ืžื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืงืจืืช ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื•ืืœื”ื™ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืจืฆื” ื ื ื‘ืžื ื•ื—ืชื ื• ื›ื•' ืขื“ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื™ื™' ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืจื›ื” ืืžืฆืขื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžื ื—ืช ืฉื‘ืช ืืชื” ืื—ื“ ื•ืฉืžืš ืื—ื“ ื•ืžื™ ื›ืขืžืš ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื’ื•ื™ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืืจืฅ ืขื˜ืจืช ืชื”ืœื” ื•ืขื˜ืจืช ื™ืฉื•ืขื” ืœืขืžืš ื ืชืช ืื‘ืจื”ื ื™ื’ืœ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื™ืจื ืŸ ื™ืขืงื‘ ื•ื‘ื ื™ื• ื™ื ื•ื—ื• ื‘ื• ืžื ื•ื—ื” ืฉืœื™ืžื” ืฉืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ื‘ื” ื™ื›ื™ืจื• ื‘ื ื™ืš ื•ื™ื“ืขื• ื›ื™ ืžืืชืš ื”ื™ื ืžื ื•ื—ืชื ืชื ื—ื™ืœื ื• ืื‘ื™ื ื• ื•ืืœ ืชื”ื™ ืฆืจื” ื•ื™ื’ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ื ืžื ื•ื—ืชื ื• ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื•ืืœื”ื™ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื•ื›ื•':
ื‘ืจื›ื” ืืžืฆืขื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžื•ืกืฃ ืจ"ื— The Intermediate Blessing Recited for Musaf on Rosh Chodesh –
ืจืืฉื™ ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืœืขืžืš ื ืชืช ื–ืžืŸ ื›ืคืจื” ืœื›ืœ ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืชื ืœื”ื™ื•ืชื ืžืงืจื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ืš ื–ื‘ื—ื™ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื•ืฉืขื™ืจื™ ื—ื˜ืืช ืœื›ืคืจ ื‘ืขื“ื ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืœื›ื•ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืชืฉื•ืขืช ื ืคืฉื ืžื™ื“ ืฉื•ื ื ืžื–ื‘ื— ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืชื›ื™ืŸ ื•ืขื•ืœืช ืจืืฉ ื—ื“ืฉ ื ืขืœื” ืขืœื™ื• ืฉื™ืจื™ ื“ื•ื“ ื ืฉืžืข ื‘ืขื™ืจืš ื”ืืžื•ืจื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ืžื–ื‘ื—ืš ืื”ื‘ืช ืขื•ืœื ืชื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื ื•ื‘ืจื™ืช ืื‘ื•ืช ืœื‘ื ื™ื ืชื–ื›ื•ืจ ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื•ืืœื”ื™ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืžืคื ื™ ื—ื˜ืื™ื ื• ื’ืœื™ื ื• ืžืืจืฆื ื• ื•ื ืชืจื—ืงื ื• ืžืขืœ ืื“ืžืชื ื• ื™ื”ื™ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืžืœืคื ื™ืš ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ืฉืชืขืœื ื• ืœืืจืฆื ื• ื•ืืช ืžื•ืกืฃ ื™ื•ื ืจืืฉ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ื›ื•' ืขื“ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืฉื” ืขื‘ื“ืš ื™ื”ื™ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืžืœืคื ื™ืš ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื•ืืœื”ื™ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืฉืชื—ื“ืฉ ืขืœื™ื ื• ืืช ืจืืฉ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ืœื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื•ืœื‘ืจื›ื” ืœื—ืŸ ื•ืœื—ืกื“ ื•ืœืจื—ืžื™ื ืœื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืœืฉืœื•ื ื•ื™ื”ื™ ืจืืฉ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ืงืฅ ื•ืกื•ืฃ ืœื›ืœ ื—ื˜ืืชื™ื ื• ื•ืฆืจื•ืชื™ื ื• ืชื—ืœื” ื•ืจืืฉ ืœืคื“ื•ืช ื ืคืฉื ื• ื›ื™ ื‘ืขืžืš ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื›ืœ ื”ืื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ื—ืจืช ื•ืจืืฉื™ ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืœื”ื ื ืชืช ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื™ื™' ืžืงื“ืฉ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืจืืฉื™ ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ื‘ืจื›ื” ืืžืฆืขื™ืช ืžืžื•ืกืฃ ืจืืฉ ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉื—ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ืช
The Intermediate Blessing Recited for Musaf when Rosh Chodesh Falls on Shabbat
ืืชื” ื™ืฆืจืช ืขื•ืœืžืš ืžืงื“ื ื›ืœื™ืช ืžืœืื›ืชืš ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ ื‘ื—ืจืช ื‘ื ื• ืžื›ืœ ื”ืขืžื™ื ื•ืจืฆื™ืช ื‘ื ื• ืžื›ืœ ื”ืœืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืงื“ืฉืชื ื• ื‘ืžืฆื•ืชื™ืš ื•ืงืจื‘ืชื ื• ืžืœื›ื ื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืชืš ื•ืฉืžืš ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ืขืœื™ื ื• ืงืจืืช ื•ืชืชืŸ ืœื ื• ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ืฉื‘ืชื•ืช ืœืžื ื•ื—ื” ื•ื™ื•ื ืจืืฉ ื—ื“ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ืœื›ืคืจ ื‘ืขื“ื ื• ืฉื—ื˜ืื ื• ืœืคื ื™ืš ื•ืžืคื ื™ ื—ื˜ืื™ื ื• ื•ื›ื•' ืขื“ ื•ืžื•ืกืคื™ื ื›ื”ืœื›ืชืŸ ื•ืืช ืžื•ืกืคื™ ื™ื•ื ื”ืžื ื•ื— ื”ื–ื” ื•ื™ื•ื ืจืืฉ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ื ืขืฉื” ื•ื ืงืจื™ื‘ ืืช ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืชืžื™ื“ื™ืŸ ื›ืกื“ืจืŸ ื›ืžืฆื•ืช ืจืฆื•ื ืš ื›ืžื• ืฉื›ืชื‘ืช ืขืœื™ื ื• ื‘ืชื•ืจืชืš ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืฉื” ืขื‘ื“ืš ื™ื”ื™ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืžืœืคื ื™ืš ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื•ืืœื”ื™ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืฉืชื—ื“ืฉ ื•ื›ื•' ืขื“ ืœืคื“ื•ืช ื ืคืฉื ื• ืจืฆื” ื ื ื‘ืžื ื•ื—ืชื ื• ื•ืงื“ืฉื ื• ื‘ืžืฆื•ืชื™ืš ื›ื•' ืขื“ ื•ื™ื ื•ื—ื• ื‘ื ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ ืฉืžืš ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื™ื™' ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื•ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืจืืฉื™ ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ื‘ืจื›ื” ืืžืฆืขื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžื•ืกืฃ ืจ"ื— ืจืืฉื™ ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืœืขืžืš ื ืชืช ื–ืžืŸ ื›ืคืจื” ืœื›ืœ ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืชื ืœื”ื™ื•ืชื ืžืงืจื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ืš ื–ื‘ื—ื™ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื•ืฉืขื™ืจื™ ื—ื˜ืืช ืœื›ืคืจ ื‘ืขื“ื ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืœื›ื•ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืชืฉื•ืขืช ื ืคืฉื ืžื™ื“ ืฉื•ื ื ืžื–ื‘ื— ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืชื›ื™ืŸ ื•ืขื•ืœืช ืจืืฉ ื—ื“ืฉ ื ืขืœื” ืขืœื™ื• ืฉื™ืจื™ ื“ื•ื“ ื ืฉืžืข ื‘ืขื™ืจืš ื”ืืžื•ืจื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ืžื–ื‘ื—ืš ืื”ื‘ืช ืขื•ืœื ืชื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื ื•ื‘ืจื™ืช ืื‘ื•ืช ืœื‘ื ื™ื ืชื–ื›ื•ืจ ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื•ืืœื”ื™ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืžืคื ื™ ื—ื˜ืื™ื ื• ื’ืœื™ื ื• ืžืืจืฆื ื• ื•ื ืชืจื—ืงื ื• ืžืขืœ ืื“ืžืชื ื• ื™ื”ื™ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืžืœืคื ื™ืš ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ืฉืชืขืœื ื• ืœืืจืฆื ื• ื•ืืช ืžื•ืกืฃ ื™ื•ื ืจืืฉ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ื›ื•' ืขื“ืข"ื™ืžืฉื” ืขื‘ื“ืš ื™ื”ื™ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืžืœืคื ื™ืš ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื•ืืœื”ื™ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืฉืชื—ื“ืฉ ืขืœื™ื ื• ืืช ืจืืฉ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ืœื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื•ืœื‘ืจื›ื” ืœื—ืŸ ื•ืœื—ืกื“ ื•ืœืจื—ืžื™ื ืœื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืœืฉืœื•ื ื•ื™ื”ื™ ืจืืฉ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ืงืฅ ื•ืกื•ืฃ ืœื›ืœ ื—ื˜ืืชื™ื ื• ื•ืฆืจื•ืชื™ื ื• ืชื—ืœื” ื•ืจืืฉ ืœืคื“ื•ืช ื ืคืฉื ื• ื›ื™ ื‘ืขืžืš ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื›ืœ ื”ืื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ื—ืจืช ื•ืจืืฉื™ ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืœื”ื ื ืชืช ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื™ื™' ืžืงื“ืฉ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืจืืฉื™ ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื‘ืจื›ื” ืืžืฆืขื™ืช ืžืžื•ืกืฃ ืจืืฉ ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉื—ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืืชื” ื™ืฆืจืช ืขื•ืœืžืš ืžืงื“ื ื›ืœื™ืช ืžืœืื›ืชืš ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ ื‘ื—ืจืช ื‘ื ื• ืžื›ืœ ื”ืขืžื™ื ื•ืจืฆื™ืช ื‘ื ื• ืžื›ืœ ื”ืœืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืงื“ืฉืชื ื• ื‘ืžืฆื•ืชื™ืš ื•ืงืจื‘ืชื ื• ืžืœื›ื ื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืชืš ื•ืฉืžืš ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ืขืœื™ื ื• ืงืจืืช ื•ืชืชืŸ ืœื ื• ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ืฉื‘ืชื•ืช ืœืžื ื•ื—ื” ื•ื™ื•ื ืจืืฉ ื—ื“ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ืœื›ืคืจ ื‘ืขื“ื ื• ืฉื—ื˜ืื ื• ืœืคื ื™ืš ื•ืžืคื ื™ ื—ื˜ืื™ื ื• ื•ื›ื•' ืขื“ ื•ืžื•ืกืคื™ื ื›ื”ืœื›ืชืŸ ื•ืืช ืžื•ืกืคื™ ื™ื•ื ื”ืžื ื•ื— ื”ื–ื” ื•ื™ื•ื ืจืืฉ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ื ืขืฉื” ื•ื ืงืจื™ื‘ ืืช ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืชืžื™ื“ื™ืŸ ื›ืกื“ืจืŸ ื›ืžืฆื•ืช ืจืฆื•ื ืš ื›ืžื• ืฉื›ืชื‘ืช ืขืœื™ื ื• ื‘ืชื•ืจืชืš ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืฉื” ืขื‘ื“ืš ื™ื”ื™ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืžืœืคื ื™ืš ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื•ืืœื”ื™ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืฉืชื—ื“ืฉ ื•ื›ื•' ืขื“ ืœืคื“ื•ืช ื ืคืฉื ื• ืจืฆื” ื ื ื‘ืžื ื•ื—ืชื ื• ื•ืงื“ืฉื ื• ื‘ืžืฆื•ืชื™ืš ื›ื•' ืขื“ ื•ื™ื ื•ื—ื• ื‘ื ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ ืฉืžืš ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื™ื™' ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื•ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืจืืฉื™ ื—ื“ืฉื™ื:
ื‘ืจื›ื” ืืžืฆืขื™ืช ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ืคืกื— ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ืฉื—ืจื™ืช ื•ืžื ื—ื”
The Intermediate Blessing Recited on Pesachin the Evening, Morning, and Afternoon Service
ืืชื” ื‘ื—ืจืชื ื• ืžื›ืœ ื”ืขืžื™ื ืื”ื‘ืช ืื•ืชื ื• ื•ืจืฆื™ืช ื‘ื ื• ืžื›ืœ ื”ืœืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืงื“ืฉืชื ื• ื‘ืžืฆื•ืชื™ืš ื•ืงืจื‘ืชื ื• ืžืœื›ื ื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืชืš ื•ืฉืžืš ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ืขืœื™ื ื• ืงืจืืช ื•ืชืชืŸ ืœื ื• ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื ืœืฉืžื—ื” ื—ื’ื™ื ื•ื–ืžื ื™ื
ืœืฉืฉื•ืŸ ืืช ื™ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžืงืจื ืงื“ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ืืช ื™ื•ื ื—ื’ ื”ืžืฆื•ืช ื”ื–ื” ื–ืžืŸ ื—ื™ืจื•ืชื ื• ื‘ืื”ื‘ื” ื–ื›ืจ ืœื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื•ืืœื”ื™ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื™ืขืœื” ื•ื™ื‘ื ื›ื•' ื•ื”ืฉื™ืื ื• ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ืืช ื‘ืจื›ืช ืžื•ืขื“ื™ืš ืœื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืœืฉืœื•ื ื›ืืฉืจ ืืžืจืช ื•ืจืฆื™ืช ืœื‘ืจื›ื ื• ื›ืŸ ืชื‘ืจื›ื ื• ืกืœื” ื•ืชืŸ ื—ืœืงื ื• ื‘ืชื•ืจืชืš ื•ืฉืžื— ื ืคืฉื ื• ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืขืชืš ื•ื›ื•' ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื™ื™' ืžืงื“ืฉ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื
ื‘ืจื›ื” ืืžืฆืขื™ืช ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ืคืกื— ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ืฉื—ืจื™ืช ื•ืžื ื—ื” ืืชื” ื‘ื—ืจืชื ื• ืžื›ืœ ื”ืขืžื™ื ืื”ื‘ืช ืื•ืชื ื• ื•ืจืฆื™ืช ื‘ื ื• ืžื›ืœ ื”ืœืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืงื“ืฉืชื ื• ื‘ืžืฆื•ืชื™ืš ื•ืงืจื‘ืชื ื• ืžืœื›ื ื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืชืš ื•ืฉืžืš ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ืขืœื™ื ื• ืงืจืืช ื•ืชืชืŸ ืœื ื• ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื ืœืฉืžื—ื” ื—ื’ื™ื ื•ื–ืžื ื™ื ืœืฉืฉื•ืŸ ืืช ื™ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžืงืจื ืงื“ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ืืช ื™ื•ื ื—ื’ ื”ืžืฆื•ืช ื”ื–ื” ื–ืžืŸ ื—ื™ืจื•ืชื ื• ื‘ืื”ื‘ื” ื–ื›ืจ ืœื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื•ืืœื”ื™ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื™ืขืœื” ื•ื™ื‘ื ื›ื•' ื•ื”ืฉื™ืื ื• ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ืืช ื‘ืจื›ืช ืžื•ืขื“ื™ืš ืœื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืœืฉืœื•ื ื›ืืฉืจ ืืžืจืช ื•ืจืฆื™ืช ืœื‘ืจื›ื ื• ื›ืŸ ืชื‘ืจื›ื ื• ืกืœื” ื•ืชืŸ ื—ืœืงื ื• ื‘ืชื•ืจืชืš ื•ืฉืžื— ื ืคืฉื ื• ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืขืชืš ื•ื›ื•' ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื™ื™' ืžืงื“ืฉ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื:
ื‘ืจื›ื” ืืžืฆืขื™ืช ืžืžื•ืกืฃ ื”ืคืกื— The Intermediate Blessing Recited for Musaf on Pesach –
ืืชื” ื‘ื—ืจืชื ื• ืžื›ืœ ื”ืขืžื™ื ื›ื•' ืขื“ ื–ื›ืจ ืœื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ืžืคื ื™ ื—ื˜ืื™ื ื• ื’ืœื™ื ื• ืžืืจืฆื ื• ื•ื ืชืจื—ืงื ื• ืžืขืœ ืื“ืžืชื ื• ื•ืื™ืŸ ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืœืขืœื•ืช ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืฉืชื—ื•ื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ืš ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ื—ื™ืจืชืš ื‘ื ื•ื” ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ืฉื ืงืจื ืฉืžืš ืขืœื™ื• ืžืคื ื™ ื”ื™ื“ ืฉื ืฉืชืœื—ื” ื‘ืžืงื“ืฉืš ื™ื”ื™ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืžืœืคื ื™ืš ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ืฉืชืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืชืจื—ื ืขืœื™ื• ื•ืขืœื™ื ื• ื‘ืจื—ืžื™ืš ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ืชืงื‘ืฅ ืคื–ื•ืจื™ื ื• ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื•ื™ื ื•ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืชื™ื ื• ื›ื ืก ืžื™ืจื›ืชื™ ืืจืฅ ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืื ื• ืœืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืขื™ืจืš ื‘ืจื ื” ื•ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ื™ืช ืžืงื“ืฉืš ื‘ืฉืžื—ืช ืขื•ืœื ื•ืฉื ื ืขืฉื” ืœืคื ื™ืš ืืช ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืชืžื™ื“ื™ืŸ ื›ืกื“ืจืŸ ื•ืžื•ืกืคื™ืŸ ื›ื”ืœื›ืชืŸ ื•ืืช ืžื•ืกืฃ ื™ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžืงืจื ืงื“ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ื™ื•ื ื—ื’ ื”ืžืฆื•ืช ื”ื–ื” ื ืขืฉื” ื•ื ืงืจื™ื‘ ืœืคื ื™ืš ื›ืžืฆื•ืช ืจืฆื•ื ืš ื›ืžื• ืฉื›ืชื‘ืช ืขืœื™ื ื• ื‘ืชื•ืจืชืš ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืฉื” ืขื‘ื“ืš ืžืœืš ืจื—ืžืŸ ืจื—ื ืขืœื™ื ื• ื•ื›ื•' ื•ื”ืฉื™ืื ื• ื•ื›ื•' ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื™ื™' ืžืงื“ืฉ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื
ื‘ืจื›ื” ืืžืฆืขื™ืช ืžืžื•ืกืฃ ื”ืคืกื— ืืชื” ื‘ื—ืจืชื ื• ืžื›ืœ ื”ืขืžื™ื ื›ื•' ืขื“ ื–ื›ืจ ืœื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ืžืคื ื™ ื—ื˜ืื™ื ื• ื’ืœื™ื ื• ืžืืจืฆื ื• ื•ื ืชืจื—ืงื ื• ืžืขืœ ืื“ืžืชื ื• ื•ืื™ืŸ ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืœืขืœื•ืช ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืฉืชื—ื•ื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ืš ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ื—ื™ืจืชืš ื‘ื ื•ื” ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ืฉื ืงืจื ืฉืžืš ืขืœื™ื• ืžืคื ื™ ื”ื™ื“ ืฉื ืฉืชืœื—ื” ื‘ืžืงื“ืฉืš ื™ื”ื™ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืžืœืคื ื™ืš ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ืฉืชืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืชืจื—ื ืขืœื™ื• ื•ืขืœื™ื ื• ื‘ืจื—ืžื™ืš ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ืชืงื‘ืฅ ืคื–ื•ืจื™ื ื• ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื•ื™ื ื•ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืชื™ื ื• ื›ื ืก ืžื™ืจื›ืชื™ ืืจืฅ ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืื ื• ืœืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืขื™ืจืš ื‘ืจื ื” ื•ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ื™ืช ืžืงื“ืฉืš ื‘ืฉืžื—ืช ืขื•ืœื ื•ืฉื ื ืขืฉื” ืœืคื ื™ืš ืืช ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืชืžื™ื“ื™ืŸ ื›ืกื“ืจืŸ ื•ืžื•ืกืคื™ืŸ ื›ื”ืœื›ืชืŸ ื•ืืช ืžื•ืกืฃ ื™ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžืงืจื ืงื“ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ื™ื•ื ื—ื’ ื”ืžืฆื•ืช ื”ื–ื” ื ืขืฉื” ื•ื ืงืจื™ื‘ ืœืคื ื™ืš ื›ืžืฆื•ืช ืจืฆื•ื ืš ื›ืžื• ืฉื›ืชื‘ืช ืขืœื™ื ื• ื‘ืชื•ืจืชืšืข"ื™ืžืฉื” ืขื‘ื“ืš ืžืœืš ืจื—ืžืŸ ืจื—ื ืขืœื™ื ื• ื•ื›ื•' ื•ื”ืฉื™ืื ื• ื•ื›ื•' ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื™ื™' ืžืงื“ืฉ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื
ื•ื‘ื ื•ืกื— ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืžืชืคืœืœ ื‘ื—ื’ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื•ื‘ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืœื ื—ืกืจื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ืœื ื™ืชืจ ืืœื ืฉื‘ื—ื’ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ
One follows this order when praying on the holidays of Shavuos and Sukkos without subtracting or adding anything, except that on Shavuos, one says:
ืืช ื™ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžืงืจื ืงื“ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ืืช ื™ื•ื ื—ื’ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ื–ื” ื–ืžืŸ ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจืชื ื• ื‘ืื”ื‘ื” ื–ื›ืจ ืœื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื
ื•ื‘ืžื•ืกืฃ ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ –And in Musaf, he says:
ื•ืืช ืžื•ืกืฃ ื™ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžืงืจื ืงื“ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ื™ื•ื ื—ื’ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ื–ื”
ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืกื•ื›ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ – Similarly, on Sukkos, one says:
ืืช ื™ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžืงืจื ืงื“ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ื™ื•ื ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช ื”ื–ื” ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืžื—ืชื ื• ื‘ืื”ื‘ื” ื•ื›ื•'
ื•ื‘ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ืขืฆืจืช ืื•ืžืจ – And on Shemini Atzeres, one says:
ืืช ื™ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžืงืจื ืงื“ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ืืช ื™ื•ื ื—ื’ ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ืขืฆืจืช ื”ื–ื” ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืžื—ืชื ื• ื›ื•'
ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืžื•ืกืฃ ืื•ืžืจ – And in Musaf, he says:
ื•ืืช ืžื•ืกืฃ ื™ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžืงืจื ืงื“ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ื™ื•ื ื—ื’ ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ื›ื•'
ื•ืื ื—ืœ ื™ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืื•ืžืจ – If a festival falls on the Sabbath, one says:
ืืชื” ื‘ื—ืจืชื ื• ื›ื•' ืขื“ ื•ืชืชืŸ ืœื ื• ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ืฉื‘ืชื•ืช ืœืžื ื•ื—ื” ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื ืœืฉืžื—ื” ื—ื’ื™ื ื•ื–ืžื ื™ื ืœืฉืฉื•ืŸ ืืช ื™ื•ื ื”ืžื ื•ื— ื”ื–ื” ื•ืืช ื™ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžืงืจื ืงื“ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ืืช ื™ื•ื ืคืœื•ื ื™ ื›ื•'
ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืžื•ืกืฃ ืื•ืžืจ– : Similarly, in Musaf, he says
ื•ืืช ืžื•ืกืคื™ ื™ื•ื ื”ืžื ื•ื— ื”ื–ื” ื›ื•'
ื•ืขืœ ื“ืจืš ื–ื• ื”ื•ื ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ื•ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ืคื•ืจื™ื ืื ื—ืœื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉืืจ ืชืคืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžื•ืกืฃ ื•ื—ื•ืชื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืชืคืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉืœืฉ ืจื’ืœื™ื
In a similar manner, he mentions theSabbathon Rosh HaShanah and Yom Kippur if they fall on the Sabbath, whether in the other prayer services or in Musaf. In such a situation, in all the services of the three festivals, he concludes:
ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื•ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื
ื•ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ื—ื•ืชื – On Rosh HaShanah, one concludes:
ืžืœืš ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื•ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื™ื•ื ื”ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ
ื•ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ืคื•ืจื™ื – On Yom Kippur, one concludes:
ืžืœืš ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื•ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ืคื•ืจื™ื
ื•ื‘ื ื•ืกื— ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืžืชืคืœืœ ื‘ื—ื’ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื•ื‘ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืœื ื—ืกืจื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ืœื ื™ืชืจ ืืœื ืฉื‘ื—ื’ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ืืช ื™ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžืงืจื ืงื“ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ืืช ื™ื•ื ื—ื’ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ื–ื” ื–ืžืŸ ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจืชื ื• ื‘ืื”ื‘ื” ื–ื›ืจ ืœื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ื‘ืžื•ืกืฃ ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ื•ืืช ืžื•ืกืฃ ื™ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžืงืจื ืงื“ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ื™ื•ื ื—ื’ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ื–ื” ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืกื•ื›ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ืืช ื™ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžืงืจื ืงื“ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ื™ื•ื ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช ื”ื–ื” ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืžื—ืชื ื• ื‘ืื”ื‘ื” ื•ื›ื•' ื•ื‘ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ืขืฆืจืช ืื•ืžืจ ืืช ื™ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžืงืจื ืงื“ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ืืช ื™ื•ื ื—ื’ ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ืขืฆืจืช ื”ื–ื” ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืžื—ืชื ื• ื›ื•' ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืžื•ืกืฃ ืื•ืžืจ ื•ืืช ืžื•ืกืฃ ื™ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžืงืจื ืงื“ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ื™ื•ื ื—ื’ ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ื›ื•':
ื•ืื ื—ืœ ื™ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืื•ืžืจ ืืชื” ื‘ื—ืจืชื ื• ื›ื•' ืขื“ ื•ืชืชืŸ ืœื ื• ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ืฉื‘ืชื•ืช ืœืžื ื•ื—ื” ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื ืœืฉืžื—ื” ื—ื’ื™ื ื•ื–ืžื ื™ื ืœืฉืฉื•ืŸ ืืช ื™ื•ื ื”ืžื ื•ื— ื”ื–ื” ื•ืืช ื™ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžืงืจื ืงื“ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ืืช ื™ื•ื ืคืœื•ื ื™ ื›ื•' ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืžื•ืกืฃ ืื•ืžืจ ื•ืืช ืžื•ืกืคื™ ื™ื•ื ื”ืžื ื•ื— ื”ื–ื” ื›ื•' ื•ืขืœ ื“ืจืš ื–ื• ื”ื•ื ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ื•ื‘ื™ื•ื”"ื› ืื ื—ืœื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉืืจ ืชืคืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžื•ืกืฃ ื•ื—ื•ืชื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืชืคืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉืœืฉ ืจื’ืœื™ื ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื•ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ื•ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ื—ื•ืชื ืžืœืš ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื•ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื™ื•ื ื”ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ืคื•ืจื™ื ืžืœืš ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื•ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื™ื•ื”"ื›.
ื ื”ื’ื• ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืขื ืžืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ื•ืขื“ ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ืคื•ืจื™ื ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื‘ื›ืœ ืชืคืœื” ื‘ืขืฉืจืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื, ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื
Most people follow the custom of making the following additions in all the prayer services during the Ten Days between Rosh HaShanah and Yom Kippur.3 In the first blessing, this addition is made:
ื–ื›ืจื ื• ืœื—ื™ื™ื ื›ื•' ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื™ื™' ืžื’ืŸ ืื‘ืจื”ื
ื•ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื” ืฉื ื™ื” – In the second blessing, this addition is made:
ืžื™ ื›ืžื•ืš ืื‘ ื”ืจื—ืžื™ื ื–ื•ื›ืจ ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื• ื‘ืจื—ืžื™ื ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื™ื™' ืžื—ื™ื” ื”ืžืชื™ื
ื•ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช ื™"ื— - In the eighteenth blessing, one adds:
ื–ื›ื•ืจ ืจื—ืžื™ืš ื•ื›ื•'
ื•ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื” ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ืŸ – In the last blessing, one adds:
ื•ื‘ืกืคืจ ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ื›ื•'
ื•ื‘ืชืคืœืช ื ืขื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื ื”ืฆื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื” ื–ื›ืจื ื• ืœื—ื™ื™ื ื—ืชืžื ื•. ื•ื›ืœ ืืœื• ื”ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ืžื ื”ื’ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื•ื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื ื”ื’ื• ืฉืœื ื™ื•ืกื™ืคื• ื“ื‘ืจ
In the Neilah service of the fast [of Yom Kippur], in the first blessing, instead of zochreinu, one should say chasmeinu. All of these additions are dependent on local custom. In some places, no additions are made.
ืžื ื”ื’ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฉืžื‘ืจื›ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื›ื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ื‘ื ื•ืกื— ื–ื” ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืชืคืœื” ื•ืชืคืœื” ืžืืจื‘ืข ื”ืชืคืœื•ืช ื•ื›ืŸ ื ื”ื’ื• ืžืงืฆืช ืœื‘ืจืš ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ื ื•ืกื— ื‘ื›ืœ ืชืคืœื” ื•ืชืคืœื” ืžื—ืžืฉ ืชืคืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ืคื•ืจื™ื ื•ื–ื”ื• ื ื•ืกื—ื”
It is common custom to recite the third blessing following this text on the two days of Rosh HaShanah in all the four services of the day. Similarly, some follow the custom of reciting this text in each of the five services of Yom Kippur. This is the text:
ืืชื” ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื•ืฉืžืš ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื•ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื™ื”ืœืœื•ืš ืกืœื” ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ ืชืŸ ืคื—ื“ืš ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืžืขืฉื™ืš ื•ืื™ืžืชืš ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื‘ืจืืช ื•ื™ื™ืจืื•ืš ื›ืœ ื”ืžืขืฉื™ื ื•ื™ืฉืชื—ื•ื• ืœืคื ื™ืš ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืจื•ืื™ื ื•ื™ืขืฉื• ื›ื•ืœื ืื’ื•ื“ื” ืื—ืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืจืฆื•ื ืš ื‘ืœื‘ื‘ ืฉืœื ื›ื•' ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ ืชืŸ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืœืขืžืš ืชื”ืœื” ืœื™ืจื™ืื™ืš ื•ืชืงื•ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืœื“ื•ืจืฉื™ืš ื•ืคืชื—ื•ืŸ ืคื” ืœืžื™ื—ืœื™ื ืœืš ืฉืžื—ื” ืœืืจืฆืš ืฉืฉื•ืŸ ืœืขื™ืจืš ื•ืฆืžื™ื—ืช ืงืจืŸ ืœื“ื•ื“ ืขื‘ื“ืš ื•ืขืจื™ื›ืช ื ืจ ืœื‘ืŸ ื™ืฉื™ ืžืฉื™ื—ืš ื‘ืžื”ืจื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื• ื•ืื– ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื™ืจืื• ื•ื™ืฉืžื—ื• ื•ื™ืฉืจื™ื ื™ืขืœื•ื–ื• ื•ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื ื›ื•' ื›ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืงื“ืฉืš ื™ืžืœื•ืš ื™ื™' ืœืขื•ืœื ืืœื”ื™ืš ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืœื“ื•ืจ ื•ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืœืœื•ื™ื” ื•ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื•ื™ื’ื‘ื” ื™ื™' ื•ื’ื•' ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื™ื™' ื”ืžืœืš ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ
ื‘ืจื›ื” ืืžืฆืขื™ืช ืฉืœ ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ืฉื—ืจื™ืช ื•ืžื ื—ื”
The Intermediate Blessing Recited on Rosh HaShanahin the Evening, Morning, and Afternoon Service
ืืชื” ื‘ื—ืจืชื ื• ืžื›ืœ ื”ืขืžื™ื ื›ื•' ื•ืชืชืŸ ืœื ื• ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ืืช ื™ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžืงืจื ืงื“ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืชืจื•ืขื” ื‘ืื”ื‘ื” ื–ื›ืจ ืœื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื•ืืœื”ื™ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื™ืขืœื” ื•ื™ื‘ื ื›ื•' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื•ืืœื”ื™ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืžืœื•ืš ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื• ื‘ื›ื‘ื•ื“ืš ื•ื”ื ืฉื ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ื‘ื™ืงืจืš ื•ื”ื•ืคืข ื‘ื”ื“ืจ ื’ืื•ืŸ ืขื•ื–ืš ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ ืชื‘ืœ ืืจืฆืš ื•ื™ื“ืข ื›ืœ ืคืขื•ืœ ื›ื™ ืืชื” ืคืขืœืชื• ื•ื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื›ื™ ืืชื” ื™ืฆืจืชื• ื•ื™ืืžืจ ื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ืจื•ื— ื•ื ืฉืžื” ื‘ืืคื• ื™ื™' ื•ื›ื•' ืงื“ืฉื ื• ื›ื•' ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื™ื™' ืžืœืš ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ืžืงื“ืฉ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื™ื•ื ื”ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ
ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ื ื”ื’ื• ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืขื ืžืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ื•ืขื“ ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ืคื•ืจื™ื ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื‘ื›ืœ ืชืคืœื” ื‘ืขืฉืจืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ื–ื›ืจื ื• ืœื—ื™ื™ื ื›ื•' ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื™ื™' ืžื’ืŸ ืื‘ืจื”ื ื•ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื” ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืžื™ ื›ืžื•ืš ืื‘ ื”ืจื—ืžื™ื ื–ื•ื›ืจ ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื• ื‘ืจื—ืžื™ื ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื™ื™' ืžื—ื™ื” ื”ืžืชื™ื ื•ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช ื™"ื— ื–ื›ื•ืจ ืจื—ืžื™ืš ื•ื›ื•' ื•ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื” ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ืŸ ื•ื‘ืกืคืจ ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ื›ื•' ื•ื‘ืชืคืœืช ื ืขื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื ื”ืฆื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื” ื–ื›ืจื ื• ืœื—ื™ื™ื ื—ืชืžื ื• ื•ื›ืœ ืืœื• ื”ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ืžื ื”ื’ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื•ื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื ื”ื’ื• ืฉืœื ื™ื•ืกื™ืคื• ื“ื‘ืจ:
ืžื ื”ื’ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฉืžื‘ืจื›ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื›ื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ื‘ื ื•ืกื— ื–ื” ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืชืคืœื” ื•ืชืคืœื” ืžืืจื‘ืข ื”ืชืคืœื•ืช ื•ื›ืŸ ื ื”ื’ื• ืžืงืฆืช ืœื‘ืจืš ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ื ื•ืกื— ื‘ื›ืœ ืชืคืœื” ื•ืชืคืœื” ืžื—ืžืฉ ืชืคืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื”"ื› ื•ื–ื”ื• ื ื•ืกื—ื”:
ืืชื” ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื•ืฉืžืš ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื•ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื™ื”ืœืœื•ืš ืกืœื” ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ ืชืŸ ืคื—ื“ืš ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืžืขืฉื™ืš ื•ืื™ืžืชืš ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื‘ืจืืช ื•ื™ื™ืจืื•ืš ื›ืœ ื”ืžืขืฉื™ื ื•ื™ืฉืชื—ื•ื• ืœืคื ื™ืš ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืจื•ืื™ื ื•ื™ืขืฉื• ื›ื•ืœื ืื’ื•ื“ื” ืื—ืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืจืฆื•ื ืš ื‘ืœื‘ื‘ ืฉืœื ื›ื•' ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ ืชืŸ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืœืขืžืš ืชื”ืœื” ืœื™ืจื™ืื™ืš ื•ืชืงื•ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืœื“ื•ืจืฉื™ืš ื•ืคืชื—ื•ืŸ ืคื” ืœืžื™ื—ืœื™ื ืœืš ืฉืžื—ื” ืœืืจืฆืš ืฉืฉื•ืŸ ืœืขื™ืจืš ื•ืฆืžื™ื—ืช ืงืจืŸ ืœื“ื•ื“ ืขื‘ื“ืš ื•ืขืจื™ื›ืช ื ืจ ืœื‘ืŸ ื™ืฉื™ ืžืฉื™ื—ืš ื‘ืžื”ืจื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื• ื•ืื– ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื™ืจืื• ื•ื™ืฉืžื—ื• ื•ื™ืฉืจื™ื ื™ืขืœื•ื–ื• ื•ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื ื›ื•' ื›ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืงื“ืฉืš ื™ืžืœื•ืš ื™ื™' ืœืขื•ืœื ืืœื”ื™ืš ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืœื“ื•ืจ ื•ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืœืœื•ื™ื” ื•ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื•ื™ื’ื‘ื” ื™ื™' ื•ื’ื•' ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื™ื™' ื”ืžืœืš ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื›ื” ืืžืฆืขื™ืช ืฉืœ ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ืฉื—ืจื™ืช ื•ืžื ื—ื” ืืชื” ื‘ื—ืจืชื ื• ืžื›ืœ ื”ืขืžื™ื ื›ื•' ื•ืชืชืŸ ืœื ื• ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ืืช ื™ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžืงืจื ืงื“ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืชืจื•ืขื” ื‘ืื”ื‘ื” ื–ื›ืจ ืœื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื•ืืœื”ื™ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื™ืขืœื” ื•ื™ื‘ื ื›ื•' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื•ืืœื”ื™ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืžืœื•ืš ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื• ื‘ื›ื‘ื•ื“ืš ื•ื”ื ืฉื ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ื‘ื™ืงืจืš ื•ื”ื•ืคืข ื‘ื”ื“ืจ ื’ืื•ืŸ ืขื•ื–ืš ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ ืชื‘ืœ ืืจืฆืš ื•ื™ื“ืข ื›ืœ ืคืขื•ืœ ื›ื™ ืืชื” ืคืขืœืชื• ื•ื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื›ื™ ืืชื” ื™ืฆืจืชื• ื•ื™ืืžืจ ื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ืจื•ื— ื•ื ืฉืžื” ื‘ืืคื• ื™ื™' ื•ื›ื•' ืงื“ืฉื ื• ื›ื•' ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื™ื™' ืžืœืš ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ืžืงื“ืฉ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื™ื•ื ื”ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ:
ื‘ืจื›ื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืฉืœืฉ ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืืžืฆืขื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื•ืกืฃ ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื”
The First of the Three Intermediate Blessings Recited in Musaf on Rosh HaShanah4
ืืชื” ื‘ื—ืจืชื ื• ื•ืžืคื ื™ ื—ื˜ืื™ื ื• ื›ื•' ื•ืืช ืžื•ืกืคื™ ื›ื•' ื›ืžื• ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืฉื‘ื— ืœืื“ื•ืŸ ื”ื›ืœ ืœืชืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืœื™ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืฉืœื ืขืฉื ื• ื›ื’ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืืจืฆื•ืช ื•ื›ื•' ืื•ื—ื™ืœื” ืœืืœ ืื—ืœื” ืคื ื™ื• ืืฉืืœื” ืžืžื ื• ืžืขื ื” ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืืฉืจ ื‘ืงื”ืœ ืขื ืืฉื™ืจื” ืขื•ื–ื• ืื‘ื™ืขื” ืจื ื ื•ืช ื‘ืขื“ ืžืคืขืœื™ื• ื›ื•' ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื™ื™' ืœืžื“ื ื™ ื—ื•ืงื™ืš ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื ืงื•ื” ืœืš ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืžื”ืจื” ื‘ืชืคืืจืช ืขื•ื–ืš ื•ื›ื•' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื•ืืœื”ื™ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืžืœื•ืš ื›ื•' ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื™ื™' ืžืœืš ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ืžืงื“ืฉ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื™ื•ื ื”ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืจืช ืขื•ืœื ื”ื™ื•ื ื™ืขืžื™ื“ ื‘ืžืฉืคื˜ ื›ืœ ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ ืขื•ืœื ืื ื›ื‘ื ื™ื ืื ื›ืขื‘ื“ื™ื ืื ื›ื‘ื ื™ื ืจื—ืžื ื• ื›ืจื—ื ืื‘ ืขืœ ื‘ื ื™ื ืื ื›ืขื‘ื“ื™ื ืขื™ื ื™ื ื• ืœืš ืชืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ื›ื•'
ื‘ืจื›ื” ืฉื ื™ื” The Second Blessing –
ืืชื” ื–ื•ื›ืจ ืžืขืฉื” ืขื•ืœื ื•ืคื•ืงื“ ื›ืœ ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ ืงื“ื ื›ื•' ื›ื™ ื–ื•ื›ืจ ื”ื ืฉื›ื—ื•ืช ืืชื” ื”ื•ื ืžืขื•ืœื ื•ืื™ืŸ ืฉื›ื—ื” ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืกื ื›ื‘ื•ื“ืš ื•ืขืงื“ืช ื™ืฆื—ืง ืœื–ืจืขื• ืชื–ื›ื•ืจ ื•ื›ื•' ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืจืช ืขื•ืœื ื”ื™ื•ื ื™ืขืžื™ื“ ื‘ืžืฉืคื˜ ื›ืœ ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ ืขื•ืœื ืื ื›ื‘ื ื™ื ืื ื›ืขื‘ื“ื™ื ืื ื›ื‘ื ื™ื ืจื—ืžื ื• ื›ืจื—ื ืื‘ ืขืœ ื‘ื ื™ื ื›ื•'
ื‘ืจื›ื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช The Third Blessing –
ืืชื” ื ื’ืœื™ืช ื‘ืขื ืŸ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ืš ืขืœ ืขื ืงื“ืฉืš ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืžื ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื”ืฉืžืขืชื ืงื•ืœืš ื›ื•' ื›ื™ ืืชื” ืฉื•ืžืข ื›ื•' ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื™ื™' ืฉื•ืžืข ืชืจื•ืขื” ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืจืช ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•' ื›ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืœืžืขืœื”
ื‘ืจื›ื” ืืžืฆืขื™ืช ืฉืœ ืฆื•ื ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ืคื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ื•ืฉื—ืจื™ืช ื•ืžื ื—ื” ื•ื ืขื™ืœื”
The Intermediate Blessing Recited on the Fast of Yom Kippur in the Evening, Morning, Afternoon, and Neilah Service
ืืชื” ื‘ื—ืจืชื ื• ื›ื•' ื•ืชืชืŸ ืœื ื• ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ืืช ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ื–ื” ื•ืืช ื™ื•ื ืžืงืจื ืงื“ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ืœืžื—ื™ืœื” ื•ื›ื•' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื•ืืœื”ื™ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื™ืขืœื” ื•ื™ื‘ื•ื ื™ื’ื™ืข ื™ืจืื” ื•ื™ืจืฆื” ื™ืฉืžืข ื•ื™ืคืงื“ ื•ื™ื–ื›ืจ ืœืคื ื™ืš ื–ื›ืจื•ื ื ื• ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืขื™ืจืš ื•ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืžืฉื™ื— ื‘ืŸ ื“ื•ื“ ื•ื›ื•' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื•ืืœื”ื™ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืžื—ื•ืœ ืœืขื•ื ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื•ื›ื•' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื•ืืœื”ื™ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืžืœื•ืš ื›ื•' ืงื“ืฉื ื• ื›ื•' ื•ื“ื‘ืจืš ืืžืช ื•ืงื™ื™ื ื›ื•' ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื™ื™' ืžืœืš ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ืžืœืš ืžื•ื—ืœ ื•ืกื•ืœื— ื•ื›ื•'
ื‘ืจื›ื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืฉืœืฉ ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืืžืฆืขื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื•ืกืฃ ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ืืชื” ื‘ื—ืจืชื ื• ื•ืžืคื ื™ ื—ื˜ืื™ื ื• ื›ื•' ื•ืืช ืžื•ืกืคื™ ื›ื•' ื›ืžื• ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืฉื‘ื— ืœืื“ื•ืŸ ื”ื›ืœ ืœืชืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืœื™ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืฉืœื ืขืฉื ื• ื›ื’ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืืจืฆื•ืช ื•ื›ื•' ืื•ื—ื™ืœื” ืœืืœ ืื—ืœื” ืคื ื™ื• ืืฉืืœื” ืžืžื ื• ืžืขื ื” ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืืฉืจ ื‘ืงื”ืœ ืขื ืืฉื™ืจื” ืขื•ื–ื• ืื‘ื™ืขื” ืจื ื ื•ืช ื‘ืขื“ ืžืคืขืœื™ื• ื›ื•' ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื™ื™' ืœืžื“ื ื™ ื—ื•ืงื™ืš ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื ืงื•ื” ืœืš ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืžื”ืจื” ื‘ืชืคืืจืช ืขื•ื–ืš ื•ื›ื•' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื•ืืœื”ื™ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืžืœื•ืš ื›ื•' ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื™ื™' ืžืœืš ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ืžืงื“ืฉ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื™ื•ื ื”ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืจืช ืขื•ืœื ื”ื™ื•ื ื™ืขืžื™ื“ ื‘ืžืฉืคื˜ ื›ืœ ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ ืขื•ืœื ืื ื›ื‘ื ื™ื ืื ื›ืขื‘ื“ื™ื ืื ื›ื‘ื ื™ื ืจื—ืžื ื• ื›ืจื—ื ืื‘ ืขืœ ื‘ื ื™ื ืื ื›ืขื‘ื“ื™ื ืขื™ื ื™ื ื• ืœืš ืชืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ื›ื•' ื‘ืจื›ื” ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืืชื” ื–ื•ื›ืจ ืžืขืฉื” ืขื•ืœื ื•ืคื•ืงื“ ื›ืœ ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ ืงื“ื ื›ื•' ื›ื™ ื–ื•ื›ืจ ื”ื ืฉื›ื—ื•ืช ืืชื” ื”ื•ื ืžืขื•ืœื ื•ืื™ืŸ ืฉื›ื—ื” ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืกื ื›ื‘ื•ื“ืš ื•ืขืงื“ืช ื™ืฆื—ืง ืœื–ืจืขื• ืชื–ื›ื•ืจ ื•ื›ื•' ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืจืช ืขื•ืœื ื”ื™ื•ื ื™ืขืžื™ื“ ื‘ืžืฉืคื˜ ื›ืœ ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ ืขื•ืœื ืื ื›ื‘ื ื™ื ืื ื›ืขื‘ื“ื™ื ืื ื›ื‘ื ื™ื ืจื—ืžื ื• ื›ืจื—ื ืื‘ ืขืœ ื‘ื ื™ื ื›ื•' ื‘ืจื›ื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ืืชื” ื ื’ืœื™ืช ื‘ืขื ืŸ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ืš ืขืœ ืขื ืงื“ืฉืš ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืžื ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื”ืฉืžืขืชื ืงื•ืœืš ื›ื•' ื›ื™ ืืชื” ืฉื•ืžืข ื›ื•' ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื™ื™' ืฉื•ืžืข ืชืจื•ืขื” ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืจืช ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•' ื›ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืœืžืขืœื”:
ื‘ืจื›ื” ืืžืฆืขื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžื•ืกืฃ The Intermediate Blessing Recited for Musaf [on Yom Kippur] –
ืืชื” ื‘ื—ืจืชื ื• ื•ืžืคื ื™ ื—ื˜ืื™ื ื• ื•ืืช ืžื•ืกืคื™ ื™ื•ื ืžืงืจื ืงื“ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ื ืขืฉื” ื•ื ืงืจื™ื‘ ืœืคื ื™ืš ื›ืžืฆื•ืช ืจืฆื•ื ืš ื›ื•' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื•ืืœื”ื™ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืžื—ื•ืœ ืœืขื•ื ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฆื•ื ื”ื›ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ื–ื” ืžื—ื” ื•ื”ืขื‘ืจ ืคืฉืขื™ื ื• ื›ื•' ืขื“ ื•ืžื‘ืœืขื“ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ืžืœืš ืžื•ื—ืœ ื•ืกื•ืœื— ื•ื›ื•' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื•ืืœื”ื™ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืžืœื•ืš ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื• ื‘ื›ื‘ื•ื“ืš ื•ื”ื ืฉื ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ื‘ื™ืงืจืš ื•ื”ื•ืคืข ื‘ื”ื“ืจ ื’ืื•ืŸ ืขื•ื–ืš ื•ื›ื•' ืขื“ ื•ืžืœื›ื•ืชื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืฉืœื” ืงื“ืฉื ื• ื‘ืžืฆื•ืชื™ืš ื•ืชืŸ ื—ืœืงื ื• ื‘ืชื•ืจืชืš ื•ืฉื‘ืขื ื• ืžื˜ื•ื‘ืš ื•ืฉืžื—ื ื• ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืขืชืš ื•ื˜ื”ืจ ืœื‘ื ื• ืœืขื‘ื“ืš ื‘ืืžืช ื•ื“ื‘ืจืš ื›ื•' ืขื“ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื™ื™' ืžืงื“ืฉ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ืคื•ืจื™ื
ื ื”ื’ื• ื”ืขื ื‘ื›ืœ ืชืคืœื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืกืคื™ืŸ ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ื›ืžื• ืฉื›ืชื‘ืช ืขืœื™ื ื• ื‘ืชื•ืจืชืš ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืฉื” ืขื‘ื“ืš ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ืื•ืชื• ื”ื™ื•ื ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืงื•ืจื ืื•ืชื ื”ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ื•ืื ืœื ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืืžืจ ื›ืžื• ืฉื›ืชื‘ืช ืขืœื™ื ื• ื‘ืชื•ืจืชืš ืฉื•ื‘ ืื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ืš:
People have adopted the custom that, in all of the Musaf Prayers, when saying: "As You prescribed for us in Your Torah, through Moses Your servant," the sacrifices offered on that day are mentioned, as they are written in the Torah, reciting the said verses. If one does not recite them, as long as he says: ""As You prescribed for us in Your Torah," nothing more is required.
ื‘ืจื›ื” ืืžืฆืขื™ืช ืฉืœ ืฆื•ื ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ืคื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ื•ืฉื—ืจื™ืช ื•ืžื ื—ื” ื•ื ืขื™ืœื” ืืชื” ื‘ื—ืจืชื ื• ื›ื•' ื•ืชืชืŸ ืœื ื• ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ืืช ื™ื•ื”"ื› ื”ื–ื” ื•ืืช ื™ื•ื ืžืงืจื ืงื“ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ืœืžื—ื™ืœื” ื•ื›ื•' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื•ืืœื”ื™ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื™ืขืœื” ื•ื™ื‘ื•ื ื™ื’ื™ืข ื™ืจืื” ื•ื™ืจืฆื” ื™ืฉืžืข ื•ื™ืคืงื“ ื•ื™ื–ื›ืจ ืœืคื ื™ืš ื–ื›ืจื•ื ื ื• ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืขื™ืจืš ื•ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืžืฉื™ื— ื‘ืŸ ื“ื•ื“ ื•ื›ื•' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื•ืืœื”ื™ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืžื—ื•ืœ ืœืขื•ื ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื•ื›ื•' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื•ืืœื”ื™ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืžืœื•ืš ื›ื•' ืงื“ืฉื ื• ื›ื•' ื•ื“ื‘ืจืš ืืžืช ื•ืงื™ื™ื ื›ื•' ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื™ื™' ืžืœืš ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ืžืœืš ืžื•ื—ืœ ื•ืกื•ืœื— ื•ื›ื•' ื‘ืจื›ื” ืืžืฆืขื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžื•ืกืฃ ืืชื” ื‘ื—ืจืชื ื• ื•ืžืคื ื™ ื—ื˜ืื™ื ื• ื•ืืช ืžื•ืกืคื™ ื™ื•ื ืžืงืจื ืงื“ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ื ืขืฉื” ื•ื ืงืจื™ื‘ ืœืคื ื™ืš ื›ืžืฆื•ืช ืจืฆื•ื ืš ื›ื•' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื•ืืœื”ื™ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืžื—ื•ืœ ืœืขื•ื ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฆื•ื ื”ื›ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ื–ื” ืžื—ื” ื•ื”ืขื‘ืจ ืคืฉืขื™ื ื• ื›ื•' ืขื“ ื•ืžื‘ืœืขื“ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ืžืœืš ืžื•ื—ืœ ื•ืกื•ืœื— ื•ื›ื•' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื•ืืœื”ื™ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืžืœื•ืš ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื• ื‘ื›ื‘ื•ื“ืš ื•ื”ื ืฉื ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ื‘ื™ืงืจืš ื•ื”ื•ืคืข ื‘ื”ื“ืจ ื’ืื•ืŸ ืขื•ื–ืš ื•ื›ื•' ืขื“ ื•ืžืœื›ื•ืชื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืฉืœื” ืงื“ืฉื ื• ื‘ืžืฆื•ืชื™ืš ื•ืชืŸ ื—ืœืงื ื• ื‘ืชื•ืจืชืš ื•ืฉื‘ืขื ื• ืžื˜ื•ื‘ืš ื•ืฉืžื—ื ื• ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืขืชืš ื•ื˜ื”ืจ ืœื‘ื ื• ืœืขื‘ื“ืš ื‘ืืžืช ื•ื“ื‘ืจืš ื›ื•' ืขื“ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื™ื™' ืžืงื“ืฉ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ืคื•ืจื™ื ื ื”ื’ื• ื”ืขื ื‘ื›ืœ ืชืคืœื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืกืคื™ืŸ ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ื›ืžื• ืฉื›ืชื‘ืช ืขืœื™ื ื• ื‘ืชื•ืจืชืš ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืฉื” ืขื‘ื“ืš ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ืื•ืชื• ื”ื™ื•ื ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืงื•ืจื ืื•ืชื ื”ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ื•ืื ืœื ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืืžืจ ื›ืžื• ืฉื›ืชื‘ืช ืขืœื™ื ื• ื‘ืชื•ืจืชืš ืฉื•ื‘ ืื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ืš:
FOOTNOTES
1.Genesis 2:3.
2.Exodus 31:16.
3.With regarding to the following, see Hilchot Tefilah 2:19.
4.See ibid.:8.
Order of Prayers - The Text of the Confession
ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื•ืืœื”ื™ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืชื‘ื ืœืคื ื™ืš ืชืคืœืชื ื• ื•ืืœ ืชืชืขืœื ืžืชื—ื ืชื ื• ืฉืื™ืŸ ืื ื• ืขื–ื™ ืคื ื™ื ื•ืงืฉื™ ืขื•ืจืฃ ืฉื ืืžืจ ืœืคื ื™ืš ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ืื ื—ื ื• ื•ืœื ื—ื˜ืื ื• ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ื•ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืืฉืžื ื• ื‘ื’ื“ื ื• ื’ื–ืœื ื• ื“ื‘ืจื ื• ื“ื•ืคื™ ื”ืขื•ื™ื ื• ื•ื”ืจืฉืขื ื• ื–ื“ื ื• ื—ืžืกื ื• ื›ื•' ืขื“ ื›ื™ ืืžืช ืขืฉื™ืช ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ืจืฉืขื ื•
ืžื” ื ืืžืจ ืœืคื ื™ืš ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืžืจื•ื ื•ืžื” ื ืกืคืจ ืœืคื ื™ืš ืฉื•ื›ืŸ ืฉื—ืงื™ื ื”ืœื ื”ื ืกืชืจื•ืช ื•ื”ื ื’ืœื•ืช ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข ืจื–ื™ ืขื•ืœื ื•ืชืขืœื•ืžื•ืช ืกืชืจื™ ื›ืœ ื—ื™ ืืชื” ื—ื•ืคืฉ ื›ืœ ื—ื“ืจื™ ื‘ื˜ืŸ ื•ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ื›ืœื™ื•ืช ื•ืœื‘ ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื ืขืœื ืžืžืš ื•ืื™ืŸ ื ืกืชืจ ืžื ื’ื“ ืขื™ื ื™ืš ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ ื™ื”ื™ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืžืœืคื ื™ืš ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื•ืืœื”ื™ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืฉืชืžื—ื•ืœ ืœื ื• ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื—ื˜ืืชื™ื ื• ื•ืชื›ืคืจ ืœื ื• ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืขื•ื ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื•ืชืกืœื— ืœื ื• ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืคืฉืขื™ื ื•
ืกื“ืจ ืชืคืœื•ืช ื—ืœืง ืจื‘ื™ืขื™
ื ื•ืกื— ื”ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™:
ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื•ืืœื”ื™ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืชื‘ื ืœืคื ื™ืš ืชืคืœืชื ื• ื•ืืœ ืชืชืขืœื ืžืชื—ื ืชื ื• ืฉืื™ืŸ ืื ื• ืขื–ื™ ืคื ื™ื ื•ืงืฉื™ ืขื•ืจืฃ ืฉื ืืžืจ ืœืคื ื™ืš ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ืื ื—ื ื• ื•ืœื ื—ื˜ืื ื• ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ื•ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืืฉืžื ื• ื‘ื’ื“ื ื• ื’ื–ืœื ื• ื“ื‘ืจื ื• ื“ื•ืคื™ ื”ืขื•ื™ื ื• ื•ื”ืจืฉืขื ื• ื–ื“ื ื• ื—ืžืกื ื• ื›ื•' ืขื“ ื›ื™ ืืžืช ืขืฉื™ืช ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ืจืฉืขื ื• ืžื” ื ืืžืจ ืœืคื ื™ืš ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืžืจื•ื ื•ืžื” ื ืกืคืจ ืœืคื ื™ืš ืฉื•ื›ืŸ ืฉื—ืงื™ื ื”ืœื ื”ื ืกืชืจื•ืช ื•ื”ื ื’ืœื•ืช ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข ืจื–ื™ ืขื•ืœื ื•ืชืขืœื•ืžื•ืช ืกืชืจื™ ื›ืœ ื—ื™ ืืชื” ื—ื•ืคืฉ ื›ืœ ื—ื“ืจื™ ื‘ื˜ืŸ ื•ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ื›ืœื™ื•ืช ื•ืœื‘ ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื ืขืœื ืžืžืš ื•ืื™ืŸ ื ืกืชืจ ืžื ื’ื“ ืขื™ื ื™ืš ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ ื™ื”ื™ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืžืœืคื ื™ืš ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื•ืืœื”ื™ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืฉืชืžื—ื•ืœ ืœื ื• ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื—ื˜ืืชื™ื ื• ื•ืชื›ืคืจ ืœื ื• ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืขื•ื ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื•ืชืกืœื— ืœื ื• ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืคืฉืขื™ื ื•:
ืขืœ ื—ื˜ื ืฉื—ื˜ืื ื• ืœืคื ื™ืš ื‘ืื•ื ืก ื•ืข"ื— ืฉ"ืœ ื‘ื‘ืœื™ ื“ืขืช ืข"ื— ืฉ"ืœ ื‘ื’ืœื•ื™ ื•ืข"ื— ืฉ"ืœ ื‘ื“ืขืช ื•ื‘ืžืจืžื” ืข"ื— ืฉ"ืœ ื‘ื”ืจื”ื•ืจ ื”ืœื‘ ื•ืข"ื— ืฉ"ืœ ื‘ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ ืคื” ืข"ื— ืฉ"ืœ ื‘ื–ื“ื•ืŸ ื•ืข"ื— ืฉ"ืœ ื‘ื—ื•ื–ืง ื™ื“ ืข"ื— ืฉ"ืœ ื‘ื˜ื•ืžืืช ืฉืคืชื™ื ื•ืข"ื— ืฉ"ืœ ื‘ื™ืฆืจ ื”ืจืข ืข"ื— ืฉ"ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื•ืข"ื— ืฉ"ืœ ื‘ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืข"ื— ืฉ"ืœ ื‘ื›ื—ืฉ ื•ื‘ื›ื–ื‘ ื•ืข"ื— ืฉ"ืœ ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจืข ืข"ื— ืฉ"ืœ ื‘ืžืจืื™ืช ื”ืขื™ืŸ ื•ืข"ื— ืฉ"ืœ ื‘ื ืฉืš ื•ื‘ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ืข"ื— ืฉ"ืœ ื‘ืฉื™ื— ืฉืคืชื•ืชื™ื ื• ื•ืข"ื— ืฉ"ืœ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื ืจืžื•ืช ืข"ื— ืฉ"ืœ ื‘ืคืชื—ื•ืŸ ืคื” ื•ืข"ื— ืฉ"ืœ ื‘ืฆืขื“ื™ ืจื’ืœื™ื ืข"ื— ืฉ"ืœ ื‘ืงืคื™ืฆืช ื™ื“ ื•ืข"ื— ืฉื—"ืœ ื‘ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื“ืขืช ืข"ื— ืฉื—"ืœ ื‘ืฉื’ื’ื” ื•ืข"ื— ืฉื—"ืœ ื‘ืชืžื”ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ื‘ ืขืœ ื—ื˜ืื™ื ืฉืื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืœื™ื”ื ื—ื˜ืืช ืข"ื— ืฉื—"ืข ืขื•ืœื” (ืข"ื— ืฉื—"ืข ืงืจื‘ืŸ) ืข"ื— ืฉื—"ืข ืืฉื ื•ื“ืื™ ืข"ื— ืฉื—"ืข ืืฉื ืชืœื•ื™ ืข"ื— ืฉื—"ืข ืงืจื‘ืŸ ืขื•ืœื” ื•ื™ื•ืจื“ ืข"ื— ืฉื—"ืข ืขืฉื” ืข"ื— ืฉื—"ืข ืœื ืชืขืฉื” ืฉื ืชืงื• ืœืขืฉื” ืข"ื— ืฉื—"ืข ืžื™ืชื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืฉืžื™ื ืข"ื— ืฉื—"ืข ื›ืจืช ืข"ื— ืฉื—"ืข ืžืœืงื•ืช ืข"ื— ืฉื—"ืข ืืจื‘ืข ืžื™ืชื•ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ืกืงื™ืœื” ืฉืจื™ืคื” ื”ืจื’ ื•ื—ื ืง
ืขืœ ื”ื’ืœื•ื™ื ืœื ื• ื•ืขืœ ืฉืื™ื ืŸ ื’ืœื•ื™ื ืœื ื• ื”ื’ืœื•ื™ื ืœื ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ืืžืจื ื•ื ืœืคื ื™ืš ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื•ืฉืื™ื ื ื’ืœื•ื™ื ืœื ื• ื›ืœ ื—ื˜ืื™ื ื• ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข ื›ืœ ื”ื ืกืชืจื•ืช ื›ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื”ื ืกืชืจื•ืช ืœื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื•ื”ื ื’ืœื•ืช ืœื ื• ื•ืœื‘ื ื™ื ื• ืขื“ ืขื•ืœื ื•ื›ื•' ื›ื™ ืืชื” ืกื•ืœื—ืŸ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืžื•ื—ืœืŸ ืœืฉื‘ื˜ื™ ื™ืฉื•ืจื•ืŸ ื•ืžื‘ืœืขื“ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ืžืœืš ืžื•ื—ืœ ื•ืกื•ืœื— ืืœื”ื™ ืขื“ ืฉืœื ื ื•ืฆืจืชื™ ืื™ื ื™ ื›ื“ืื™ ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืฉื ื•ืฆืจืชื™ ื›ืืœื• ืœื ื ื•ืฆืจืชื™ ืขืคืจ ืื ื™ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ืงืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ ื‘ืžื™ืชืชื™ ื”ืจื™ ืื ื™ ืœืคื ื™ืš ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ ื›ื›ืœื™ ืžืœื ื‘ื•ืฉื” ื•ื›ืœื™ืžื” ื™ื”ื™ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืžืœืคื ื™ืš ืฉืœื ืื—ื˜ื ืขื•ื“ ื•ืžื” ืฉื—ื˜ืืชื™ ืžื—ื” ื‘ืจื—ืžื™ืš ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื™ืกื•ืจื™ืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื• ืœืจืฆื•ืŸ ืืžืจื™ ืคื™ ื•ื”ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ื™ ืœืคื ื™ืš ื™ื™' ืฆื•ืจื™ ื•ื’ื•ืืœื™1
ื›ืกื“ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืžืชื•ื“ื” ื‘ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ืฉื—ืจื™ืช ื•ืžื•ืกืฃ ื•ืžื ื—ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื™ื— ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืืœื ืฉื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืื•ืžืจ ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ ื–ื” ืื—ืจ ืชืคืœืชื• ืื—ืจ ืฉื’ื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื•ื ืงื•ื“ื ืฉื™ืคืกื™ืข ืฉืœืฉ ืคืกื™ืขื•ืช ื•ืฉืœื™ื— ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืื•ืžืจื• ื‘ืชื•ืš ื‘ืจื›ื” ืืžืฆืขื™ืช ืงื•ื“ื ืฉื™ืืžืจ ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื•ืืœื”ื™ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืžื—ื•ืœ ืœืขื•ื ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืžืชื•ื“ื” ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ ื›ืกื“ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ืื•ืžืจ ืžื—ื•ืœ ืœืขื•ื ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฆื•ื ื”ื›ืคื•ืจื™ื
This is the manner in which both an individual and the chazan should recite the confessional prayers in the Evening, Morning, Musaf, and Afternoon Services. An individual recites this confession after the Shemoneh Esreh, after completing the blessing Sim Shalom before he steps back three steps. The chazan recites it in the middle of the intermediate blessing, before he says Eloheinu … l'avonoseinu, he recites this confession. Afterwards, he says: M'chol l'avonoseinu biyom tzom hakippurim….
ืขืœ ื—ื˜ื ืฉื—ื˜ืื ื• ืœืคื ื™ืš ื‘ืื•ื ืก ื•ืข"ื— ืฉ"ืœ ื‘ื‘ืœื™ ื“ืขืช ืข"ื— ืฉ"ืœ ื‘ื’ืœื•ื™ ื•ืข"ื— ืฉ"ืœ ื‘ื“ืขืช ื•ื‘ืžืจืžื” ืข"ื— ืฉ"ืœ ื‘ื”ืจื”ื•ืจ ื”ืœื‘ ื•ืข"ื— ืฉ"ืœ ื‘ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ ืคื” ืข"ื— ืฉ"ืœ ื‘ื–ื“ื•ืŸ ื•ืข"ื— ืฉ"ืœ ื‘ื—ื•ื–ืง ื™ื“ ืข"ื— ืฉ"ืœ ื‘ื˜ื•ืžืืช ืฉืคืชื™ื ื•ืข"ื— ืฉ"ืœ ื‘ื™ืฆืจ ื”ืจืข ืข"ื— ืฉ"ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื•ืข"ื— ืฉ"ืœ ื‘ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืข"ื— ืฉ"ืœ ื‘ื›ื—ืฉ ื•ื‘ื›ื–ื‘ ื•ืข"ื— ืฉ"ืœ ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจืข ืข"ื— ืฉ"ืœ ื‘ืžืจืื™ืช ื”ืขื™ืŸ ื•ืข"ื— ืฉ"ืœ ื‘ื ืฉืš ื•ื‘ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ืข"ื— ืฉ"ืœ ื‘ืฉื™ื— ืฉืคืชื•ืชื™ื ื• ื•ืข"ื— ืฉ"ืœ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื ืจืžื•ืช ืข"ื— ืฉ"ืœ ื‘ืคืชื—ื•ืŸ ืคื” ื•ืข"ื— ืฉ"ืœ ื‘ืฆืขื“ื™ ืจื’ืœื™ื ืข"ื— ืฉ"ืœ ื‘ืงืคื™ืฆืช ื™ื“ ื•ืข"ื— ืฉื—"ืœ ื‘ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื“ืขืช ืข"ื— ืฉื—"ืœ ื‘ืฉื’ื’ื” ื•ืข"ื— ืฉื—"ืœ ื‘ืชืžื”ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ื‘ ืขืœ ื—ื˜ืื™ื ืฉืื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืœื™ื”ื ื—ื˜ืืช ืข"ื— ืฉื—"ืข ืขื•ืœื” (ืข"ื— ืฉื—"ืข ืงืจื‘ืŸ) ืข"ื— ืฉื—"ืข ืืฉื ื•ื“ืื™ ืข"ื— ืฉื—"ืข ืืฉื ืชืœื•ื™ ืข"ื— ืฉื—"ืข ืงืจื‘ืŸ ืขื•ืœื” ื•ื™ื•ืจื“ ืข"ื— ืฉื—"ืข ืขืฉื” ืข"ื— ืฉื—"ืข ืœื ืชืขืฉื” ืฉื ืชืงื• ืœืขืฉื” ืข"ื— ืฉื—"ืข ืžื™ืชื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืฉืžื™ื ืข"ื— ืฉื—"ืข ื›ืจืช ืข"ื— ืฉื—"ืข ืžืœืงื•ืช ืข"ื— ืฉื—"ืข ืืจื‘ืข ืžื™ืชื•ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ืกืงื™ืœื” ืฉืจื™ืคื” ื”ืจื’ ื•ื—ื ืง ืขืœ ื”ื’ืœื•ื™ื ืœื ื• ื•ืขืœ ืฉืื™ื ืŸ ื’ืœื•ื™ื ืœื ื• ื”ื’ืœื•ื™ื ืœื ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ืืžืจื ื•ื ืœืคื ื™ืš ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื•ืฉืื™ื ื ื’ืœื•ื™ื ืœื ื• ื›ืœ ื—ื˜ืื™ื ื• ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข ื›ืœ ื”ื ืกืชืจื•ืช ื›ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื”ื ืกืชืจื•ืช ืœื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื•ื”ื ื’ืœื•ืช ืœื ื• ื•ืœื‘ื ื™ื ื• ืขื“ ืขื•ืœื ื•ื›ื•' ื›ื™ ืืชื” ืกื•ืœื—ืŸ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืžื•ื—ืœืŸ ืœืฉื‘ื˜ื™ ื™ืฉื•ืจื•ืŸ ื•ืžื‘ืœืขื“ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ืžืœืš ืžื•ื—ืœ ื•ืกื•ืœื— ืืœื”ื™ ืขื“ ืฉืœื ื ื•ืฆืจืชื™ ืื™ื ื™ ื›ื“ืื™ ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืฉื ื•ืฆืจืชื™ ื›ืืœื• ืœื ื ื•ืฆืจืชื™ ืขืคืจ ืื ื™ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ืงืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ ื‘ืžื™ืชืชื™ ื”ืจื™ ืื ื™ ืœืคื ื™ืš ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ ื›ื›ืœื™ ืžืœื ื‘ื•ืฉื” ื•ื›ืœื™ืžื” ื™ื”ื™ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืžืœืคื ื™ืš ืฉืœื ืื—ื˜ื ืขื•ื“ ื•ืžื” ืฉื—ื˜ืืชื™ ืžื—ื” ื‘ืจื—ืžื™ืš ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ืื‘ืœ ืœืืข"ื™ื™ืกื•ืจื™ืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื• ืœืจืฆื•ืŸ ืืžืจื™ ืคื™ ื•ื”ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ื™ ืœืคื ื™ืš ื™ื™' ืฆื•ืจื™ ื•ื’ื•ืืœื™:
ื›ืกื“ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืžืชื•ื“ื” ื‘ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ืฉื—ืจื™ืช ื•ืžื•ืกืฃ ื•ืžื ื—ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื™ื— ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืืœื ืฉื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืื•ืžืจ ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ ื–ื” ืื—ืจ ืชืคืœืชื• ืื—ืจ ืฉื’ื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื•ื ืงื•ื“ื ืฉื™ืคืกื™ืข ืฉืœืฉ ืคืกื™ืขื•ืช ื•ืฉืœื™ื— ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืื•ืžืจื• ื‘ืชื•ืš ื‘ืจื›ื” ืืžืฆืขื™ืช ืงื•ื“ื ืฉื™ืืžืจ ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื•ืืœื”ื™ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืžื—ื•ืœ ืœืขื•ื ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืžืชื•ื“ื” ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ ื›ืกื“ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื•ืื—"ื› ืื•ืžืจ ืžื—ื•ืœ ืœืขื•ื ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฆื•ื ื”ื›ืคื•ืจื™ื:
ื‘ื ืขื™ืœื” ืžืชื•ื“ื” ื›ืกื“ืจ ื”ื–ื”
During Neilah, one should recite the confessional prayers as follows:
ืžื” ื ืืžืจ ืœืคื ื™ืš ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืžืจื•ื ื›ื•' ื›ื™ ืขื•ื ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืจื‘ื• ืžืœืžื ื•ืช ื›ื•' ืžื” ืื ื• ืžื” ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ืžื” ื—ืกื“ื ื• ืžื” ืฆื“ืงื ื• ืžื” ืžืขืฉื™ื ื• ืžื” ื ืืžืจ ืœืคื ื™ืš ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื”ืœื ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื›ืื™ืŸ ืœืคื ื™ืš ื•ืื ืฉื™ ื”ืฉื ื›ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื•ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื›ื‘ืœื™ ืžื“ืข ื•ื ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ื›ื‘ืœื™ ื”ืฉื›ืœ ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ืžืขืฉื™ื ื• ืชื”ื• ื•ื™ืžื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ื”ื‘ืœ ืœืคื ื™ืš ื›ื›ืชื•ื‘2 ื•ืžื•ืชืจ ื”ืื“ื ืžืŸ ื”ื‘ื”ืžื” ืื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืœ
ืื‘ืœ ืืชื” ื”ื‘ื“ืœืช ืื ื•ืฉ ืžืจืืฉ ื•ืชื›ื™ืจื”ื• ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™ืš ื›ื™ ืžื™ ื™ืืžืจ ืœืš ืžื” ืชืขืฉื” ื•ืื ื™ืฆื“ืง ืžื” ื™ืชืŸ ืœืš ื•ืชืชืŸ ืœื ื• ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ืืช ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ื–ื” ืงืฅ ืžื—ื™ืœื” ืœื›ืœ ื—ื˜ืืชื™ื ื• ืœืžืขืŸ ื ื—ื“ืœ ืžืขื•ืฉืง ื™ื“ื™ื ื• ื•ื ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื—ื•ืงื™ ืจืฆื•ื ืš ื‘ืœื‘ ืฉืœื ื›ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื ืืžืจ3 ื“ืจืฉื• ื™ื™' ื‘ื”ืžืฆืื• ืงืจืื•ื”ื• ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ืงืจื•ื‘ ื™ืขื–ื•ื‘ ืจืฉืข ื“ืจื›ื• ื•ืื™ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืืœ ื™ื™' ื•ื™ืจื—ืžื”ื• ื•ืืœ ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื›ื™ ื™ืจื‘ื” ืœืกืœื•ื— ื•ืืชื” ืืœื•ื” ืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืžื˜ื™ื‘ ื—ื ื•ืŸ ื•ืจื—ื•ื ืืจืš ืืคื™ื ื•ืจื‘ ื—ืกื“ ืžืจื‘ื” ืœื”ื˜ื™ื‘ ืจื•ืฆื” ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ืชืŸ ืฉืœ ืจืฉืขื™ื ื•ืื™ืŸ ืืชื” ื—ืคืฅ ื‘ืžื™ืชืชืŸ ื›ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื—ื™ ืื ื™ ื ืื ื™ื™' ืื ืื—ืคื•ืฅ ื‘ืžื•ืช ื”ืจืฉืข ื›ื™ ืื ื‘ืฉื•ื‘ ืจืฉืข ืžื“ืจื›ื• ื•ื—ื™ื” ืฉื•ื‘ื• ืฉื•ื‘ื• ืžื“ืจื›ื™ื›ื ื”ืจืขื™ื ื•ืœืžื” ืชืžื•ืชื• ื‘ื™ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืฉื™ื‘ื ื• ื•ืงื‘ืœื ื• ื•ืžื—ื•ืœ ืœื ื• ื•ืกืœื— ื›ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื—ืกื“ืš ื™ื”ื™ื• ืœืจืฆื•ืŸ ืืžืจื™ ืคื™ ื•ื”ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ื™ ืœืคื ื™ืš ื™ื™' ื›ื•' ืขื•ืฉื” ืฉืœื•ื ื•ื›ื•'.
ื‘ื ืขื™ืœื” ืžืชื•ื“ื” ื›ืกื“ืจ ื”ื–ื”:
ืžื”. ื ืืžืจ ืœืคื ื™ืš ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืžืจื•ื ื›ื•' ื›ื™ ืขื•ื ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืจื‘ื• ืžืœืžื ื•ืช ื›ื•' ืžื” ืื ื• ืžื” ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ืžื” ื—ืกื“ื ื• ืžื” ืฆื“ืงื ื• ืžื” ืžืขืฉื™ื ื• ืžื” ื ืืžืจ ืœืคื ื™ืš ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื”ืœื ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื›ืื™ืŸ ืœืคื ื™ืš ื•ืื ืฉื™ ื”ืฉื ื›ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื•ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื›ื‘ืœื™ ืžื“ืข ื•ื ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ื›ื‘ืœื™ ื”ืฉื›ืœ ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ืžืขืฉื™ื ื• ืชื”ื• ื•ื™ืžื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ื”ื‘ืœ ืœืคื ื™ืš ื›ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื•ืžื•ืชืจ ื”ืื“ื ืžืŸ ื”ื‘ื”ืžื” ืื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืœ ืื‘ืœ ืืชื” ื”ื‘ื“ืœืช ืื ื•ืฉ ืžืจืืฉ ื•ืชื›ื™ืจื”ื• ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™ืš ื›ื™ ืžื™ ื™ืืžืจ ืœืš ืžื” ืชืขืฉื” ื•ืื ื™ืฆื“ืง ืžื” ื™ืชืŸ ืœืš ื•ืชืชืŸ ืœื ื• ื™ื™' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ืืช ื™ื•ื”"ื› ื”ื–ื” ืงืฅ ืžื—ื™ืœื” ืœื›ืœ ื—ื˜ืืชื™ื ื• ืœืžืขืŸ ื ื—ื“ืœ ืžืขื•ืฉืง ื™ื“ื™ื ื• ื•ื ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื—ื•ืงื™ ืจืฆื•ื ืš ื‘ืœื‘ ืฉืœื ื›ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื ืืžืจ ื“ืจืฉื• ื™ื™' ื‘ื”ืžืฆืื• ืงืจืื•ื”ื• ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ืงืจื•ื‘ ื™ืขื–ื•ื‘ ืจืฉืข ื“ืจื›ื• ื•ืื™ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืืœ ื™ื™' ื•ื™ืจื—ืžื”ื• ื•ืืœ ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื›ื™ ื™ืจื‘ื” ืœืกืœื•ื— ื•ืืชื” ืืœื•ื” ืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืžื˜ื™ื‘ ื—ื ื•ืŸ ื•ืจื—ื•ื ืืจืš ืืคื™ื ื•ืจื‘ ื—ืกื“ ืžืจื‘ื” ืœื”ื˜ื™ื‘ ืจื•ืฆื” ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ืชืŸ ืฉืœ ืจืฉืขื™ื ื•ืื™ืŸ ืืชื” ื—ืคืฅ ื‘ืžื™ืชืชืŸ ื›ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื—ื™ ืื ื™ ื ืื ื™ื™' ืื ืื—ืคื•ืฅ ื‘ืžื•ืช ื”ืจืฉืข ื›ื™ ืื ื‘ืฉื•ื‘ ืจืฉืข ืžื“ืจื›ื• ื•ื—ื™ื” ืฉื•ื‘ื• ืฉื•ื‘ื• ืžื“ืจื›ื™ื›ื ื”ืจืขื™ื ื•ืœืžื” ืชืžื•ืชื• ื‘ื™ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืฉื™ื‘ื ื• ื•ืงื‘ืœื ื• ื•ืžื—ื•ืœ ืœื ื• ื•ืกืœื— ื›ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื—ืกื“ืš ื™ื”ื™ื• ืœืจืฆื•ืŸ ืืžืจื™ ืคื™ ื•ื”ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ื™ ืœืคื ื™ืš ื™ื™' ื›ื•' ืขื•ืฉื” ืฉืœื•ื ื•ื›ื•':
FOOTNOTES
1.Psalms 19:15.
2.Ecclesiastes 3:19.
3.Isaiah 55:6.
Hayom Yom:
• English Text | Video Class
Wednesday, Cheshvan 12, 5778 · 01 November 2017
"Today's Day"
Wednesday, Cheshvan 12, 5704
Torah lessons: Chumash: Vayeira, Revi'i with Rashi.
Tehillim: 66-68.
Tanya: And this is (p. 565) ...to the blessing. (p. 567).
One of the Alter Rebbe's early teachings, then called verter1 (lit. "words," short sayings):
Sh'ma Yisrael2 - a Jew3 senses4 that
Havayeh5 Elokeinu - our strength and life6 is beyond nature,7 and
Havayeh Echad - Havayeh is One.
FOOTNOTES
1.See Sivan 15.
2.Lit. "Hear, O Israel."
3.From the word Yisrael, one of Israel.
4.From sh'ma, "hear," "listen," or "comprehend"; hence, "senses."
5.See Tishrei 3 and footnotes.
6.Or "vitality," "life-force."
7.Havayeh, G-d transcendent, above nature, is Elokeinu, "our G-d" - our strength and life. Viz. Tishrei 3.
Daily Thought:
Precious Time
The first creation was Time. It began and it will end, and then it will be no more.
Each breath, each tick, each beat of the heart comes only once. None will never repeat itself precisely. Every instant of life is a raw but precious jewel, beckoning, pleading, “Unlock my secret, do with me something to reveal my purpose of being! For I am here only this one time, and then never again.”
And so that is our primary mission: To elevate time and make it holy.
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