Today in Jewish History:
• Miriam Quarantined (1312 BCE)
Miriam, the elder sister of Moses and Aaron, was afflicted with tzaraat (leprosy) after speaking negatively of Moses, and was quarantined outside of the camp for seven days--as related inNumbers 12
Links:
The Biblical account (with Rashi's commentary)
About Miriam
About Lashon Hara (negative speech)
Daily Quote:
All the fat is to G‑d.[Leviticus 3:16]
Daily Study:
Chitas and Rambam for today:
Chumash: Shlach, 3rd Portion Numbers 14:8-14:25 with Rashi
• English / Hebrew Linear Translation | Video Class• Numbers Chapter 14
8If the Lord desires us, He will bring us to this land and give it to us, a land flowing with milk and honey. חאִם־חָפֵ֥ץ בָּ֨נוּ֙ יְהֹוָ֔ה וְהֵבִ֤יא אֹתָ֨נוּ֙ אֶל־הָאָ֣רֶץ הַזֹּ֔את וּנְתָנָ֖הּ לָ֑נוּ אֶ֕רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־הִ֛וא זָבַ֥ת חָלָ֖ב וּדְבָֽשׁ:
9But you shall not rebel against the Lord, and you will not fear the people of that land for they are [as] our bread. Their protection is removed from them, and the Lord is with us; do not fear them." טאַ֣ךְ בַּֽיהֹוָה֘ אַל־תִּמְרֹ֒דוּ֒ וְאַתֶּ֗ם אַל־תִּֽירְאוּ֙ אֶת־עַ֣ם הָאָ֔רֶץ כִּ֥י לַחְמֵ֖נוּ הֵ֑ם סָ֣ר צִלָּ֧ם מֵֽעֲלֵיהֶ֛ם וַֽיהֹוָ֥ה אִתָּ֖נוּ אַל־תִּֽירָאֻֽם:
you shall not rebel: And consequently,“You will not fear….”
אל תמרדו: ושוב ואתם אל תיראו:
for they are [as] our bread: We will consume them like bread.
כי לחמנו הם: נאכלם כלחם:
Their protection is removed from them: Their shield and strength, their virtuous ones have died- [namely,] Job, who protected them [See Rashi on Sotah 35a, B.B. 15a]. (Another interpretation: The shade [protection] of the Omnipresent has departed from them.)
סר צלם: מגינם וחזקם. כשרים שבהם מתו, איוב שהיה מגין עליהם. דבר אחר צלו של המקום סר מעליהם:
10The entire congregation threatened to pelt them with stones, but the glory of the Lord appeared in the Tent of Meeting to all the children of Israel. יוַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ כָּל־הָ֣עֵדָ֔ה לִרְגּ֥וֹם אֹתָ֖ם בָּֽאֲבָנִ֑ים וּכְב֣וֹד יְהֹוָ֗ה נִרְאָה֙ בְּאֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֔ד אֶל־כָּל־בְּנֵ֖י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל:
to pelt them: [I.e.,] Joshua and Caleb.
לרגום אותם: את יהושע וכלב:
the glory of the Lord: The cloud descended there. — [Mid. Tanchuma Shelach 12]
וכבוד ה': הענן ירד שם:
11The Lord said to Moses, "How long will this people provoke Me? How much longer will they not believe in Me after all the signs I have performed in their midst? יאוַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהֹוָה֙ אֶל־משֶׁ֔ה עַד־אָ֥נָה יְנַֽאֲצֻ֖נִי הָעָ֣ם הַזֶּ֑ה וְעַד־אָ֨נָה֙ לֹא־יַֽאֲמִ֣ינוּ בִ֔י בְּכֹל֙ הָֽאֹת֔וֹת אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשִׂ֖יתִי בְּקִרְבּֽוֹ:
How long: Until when. — [Onkelos]
עד אנה: עד היכן:
provoke Me: Heb. יְנַאֲצֻנִי, anger me. - [Onkelos]
ינאצני: ירגיזוני:
after all the signs: After all the miracles I performed for them, they should have believed that I am capable of fulfilling My promises.
בכל האתות: בשביל כל הנסים שעשיתי להם היה להם להאמין שהיכולת בידי לקיים הבטחתי:
12I will strike them with a plague and annihilate them; then I will make you into a nation, greater and stronger than they." יבאַכֶּ֥נּוּ בַדֶּ֖בֶר וְאֽוֹרִשֶׁ֑נּוּ וְאֶֽעֱשֶׂה֙ אֹֽתְךָ֔ לְגֽוֹי־גָּד֥וֹל וְעָצ֖וּם מִמֶּֽנּוּ:
and annihilate them: Heb. וְאוֹרִשֶׁנּוּ. As the Targum [Onkelos] renders, a term denoting destruction [rather than inheritance]. You might ask, What will become of the oath I made to the patriarchs?[Mid. Tanchuma Shelach 13]
ואורשנו: לשון תרוכין. ואם תאמר מה אעשה לשבועת אבות:
I will make you into a great nation,: for you are descended from them.
ואעשה אתך לגוי גדול: שאתה מזרעם:
13Moses said to the Lord, "But the Egyptians will hear that You have brought this nation out from its midst with great power. יגוַיֹּ֥אמֶר משֶׁ֖ה אֶל־יְהֹוָ֑ה וְשָֽׁמְע֣וּ מִצְרַ֔יִם כִּי־הֶֽעֱלִ֧יתָ בְכֹֽחֲךָ֛ אֶת־הָעָ֥ם הַזֶּ֖ה מִקִּרְבּֽוֹ:
But the Egyptians will hear: They will hear that You killed them.
ושמעו מצרים: ושמעו את אשר תהרגם:
that You have brought up: Heb. כִּי. This כִּי is used in the sense of אִשֵׁר,“that.” And they saw that You brought them up from among them with Your great might, and when they hear that You killed them, they will not assume that they sinned against You, but they will say that against them You were able to fight, but against the inhabitants of the Land You were unable to fight; this is [the meaning of the following verse]:
כי העלית: כי משמש בלשון אשר, והם ראו אשר העלית בכחך הגדול אותם מקרבם וכשישמעו שאתה הורגם לא יאמרו שחטאו לך, אלא יאמרו שכנגדם יכולת להלחם אבל כנגד יושבי הארץ לא יכולת להלחם. וזה הוא:
14They will say about the inhabitants of this land, who have heard that You, O Lord, are in the midst of this people; that You, the Lord, appear to them eye to eye and that Your cloud rests over them. And You go before them with a pillar of cloud by day and with a pillar of fire by night, ידוְאָֽמְר֗וּ אֶל־יוֹשֵׁב֘ הָאָ֣רֶץ הַזֹּאת֒ שָֽׁמְעוּ֙ כִּֽי־אַתָּ֣ה יְהֹוָ֔ה בְּקֶ֖רֶב הָעָ֣ם הַזֶּ֑ה אֲשֶׁר־עַ֨יִן בְּעַ֜יִן נִרְאָ֣ה | אַתָּ֣ה יְהֹוָ֗ה וַֽעֲנָֽנְךָ֙ עֹמֵ֣ד עֲלֵהֶ֔ם וּבְעַמֻּ֣ד עָנָ֗ן אַתָּ֨ה הֹלֵ֤ךְ לִפְנֵיהֶם֙ יוֹמָ֔ם וּבְעַמּ֥וּד אֵ֖שׁ לָֽיְלָה:
They will say about the inhabitants of this Land: Heb. אֶל, like עַל, concerning the inhabitants of this Land. What will they say about them? What is stated at the end of the passage (verse 16), “Since the Lord lacked the ability….” Because they heard that You, O Lord, dwell among them, and You reveal Yourself to them eye to eye in an affectionate manner, and until now they had not realized that Your love for them had been withdrawn,
ואמרו אל יושב הארץ הזאת: כמו על יושב הארץ הזאת. ומה יאמרו עליהם, מה שאמור בסוף הענין, מבלתי יכולת ה', בשביל ששמעו כי אתה ה' שוכן בקרבם, ועין בעין אתה ה' נראה להם, והכל בדרך חבה, ולא הכירו בך שנתקה אהבתך מהם עד הנה :
15and if You kill this nation like one man, the nations who have heard of Your reputation will say as follows: טווְהֵֽמַתָּ֛ה אֶת־הָעָ֥ם הַזֶּ֖ה כְּאִ֣ישׁ אֶחָ֑ד וְאָֽמְרוּ֙ הַגּוֹיִ֔ם אֲשֶׁר־שָֽׁמְע֥וּ אֶת־שִׁמְעֲךָ֖ לֵאמֹֽר:
and if You kill this nation like one man: suddenly, consequently, the nations who have heard….
והמתה את העם הזה כאיש אחד: פתאום, ומתוך כך יאמרו הגוים אשר שמעו את שמעך וגו':
16'Since the Lord lacked the ability to bring this nation to the Land which He swore to them, He slaughtered them in the desert.' טזמִבִּלְתִּ֞י יְכֹ֣לֶת יְהֹוָ֗ה לְהָבִיא֙ אֶת־הָעָ֣ם הַזֶּ֔ה אֶל־הָאָ֖רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־נִשְׁבַּ֣ע לָהֶ֑ם וַיִּשְׁחָטֵ֖ם בַּמִּדְבָּֽר:
Since the Lord lacked the ability: Because the inhabitants of the Land are strong and powerful. Pharaoh cannot be compared to thirty-one kings. They will say this about the inhabitants of this land,“Since [the Lord] is incapable”-Because He did not have the ability to bring them, He slaughtered them.
מבלתי יכלת וגו': לפי שיושבי הארץ חזקים וגבורים, ואינו דומה פרעה לשלשים ואחד מלכים, זאת יאמרו על יושב הארץ הזאת:
ability: Heb. יְכֹלֶת. This is a noun form.
מבלתי יכלת: מתוך שלא היה יכולת בידו להביאם שחטם:
17Now, please, let the strength of the Lord be increased, as You spoke, saying. יזוְעַתָּ֕ה יִגְדַּל־נָ֖א כֹּ֣חַ אֲדֹנָ֑י כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֥ר דִּבַּ֖רְתָּ לֵאמֹֽר:
Now, please, let the strength of the Lord be increased: By implementing Your word.
יגדל נא כח ה': לעשות דבורך:
as You spoke, saying: What was the statement?
כאשר דברת לאמר: ומהו הדבור:
18'The Lord is slow to anger and abundantly kind, forgiving iniquity and transgression, Who cleanses [some] and does not cleanse [others], Who visits the iniquities of parents on children, even to the third and fourth generations.' יחיְהֹוָ֗ה אֶ֤רֶךְ אַפַּ֨יִם֙ וְרַב־חֶ֔סֶד נֹשֵׂ֥א עָוֹ֖ן וָפָ֑שַׁע וְנַקֵּה֙ לֹ֣א יְנַקֶּ֔ה פֹּקֵ֞ד עֲוֹ֤ן אָבוֹת֙ עַל־בָּנִ֔ים עַל־שִׁלֵּשִׁ֖ים וְעַל־רִבֵּעִֽים:
The Lord is slow to anger: [both] towards the righteous and towards the wicked. When Moses ascended on high, he found the Holy One, blessed is He, sitting and writing, “The Lord is slow to anger.” He said to Him, “Towards the righteous?” The Holy One, blessed is He, answered him, “Even toward the wicked” He [Moses] said to Him, “Let the wicked perish!” He said to him, “By your life, you will have need for this [patience for the wicked]. When Israel sinned at [the incident of] the [golden] calf and at the [time of the] spies, Moses prayed before Him [making mention of] ”slow to anger.“ The Holy One, blessed is He, replied to Him, Did you not tell me ”Toward the righteous“? He [Moses] responded, But did You not reply to me, ”Even toward the wicked"? - [Sanh. 111a]
ה' ארך אפים: לצדיקים ולרשעים. כשעלה משה למרום מצאו משה להקב"ה שהיה יושב וכותב ה' ארך אפים. אמר לו לצדיקים. אמר לו הקב"ה אף לרשעים. אמר לו רשעים יאבדו. אמר לו הקב"ה חייך שתצטרך לדבר. כשחטאו ישראל בעגל ובמרגלים התפלל משה לפניו בארך אפים, אמר לו הקב"ה והלא אמרת לי לצדיקים. אמר לו והלא אמרת לי אף לרשעים:
cleanses: those who repent. - [Yoma 86a]
ונקה: לשבים:
does not cleanse: those who do not repent. - [Yoma 86a]
לא ינקה: לשאינן שבים:
19Please forgive the iniquity of this nation in accordance with your abounding kindness, as You have borne this people from Egypt until now." יטסְלַח־נָ֗א לַֽעֲוֹ֛ן הָעָ֥ם הַזֶּ֖ה כְּגֹ֣דֶל חַסְדֶּ֑ךָ וְכַֽאֲשֶׁ֤ר נָשָׂ֨אתָה֙ לָעָ֣ם הַזֶּ֔ה מִמִּצְרַ֖יִם וְעַד־הֵֽנָּה:
20And the Lord said, "I have forgiven them in accordance with your word. כוַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהֹוָ֔ה סָלַ֖חְתִּי כִּדְבָרֶֽךָ:
in accordance with your word: Because of what you said, namely,“They might say that God lacks the ability…”
כדברך: בשביל מה שאמרת פן יאמרו מבלתי יכולת ה':
21However, as surely as I live, and as the glory of the Lord fills the earth... כאוְאוּלָ֖ם חַי־אָ֑נִי וְיִמָּלֵ֥א כְבוֹד־יְהֹוָ֖ה אֶת־כָּל־הָאָֽרֶץ:
However: Heb. אוּלָם like אִבָל, but this will I to do them.
ואולם: כמו אבל זאת אעשה להם:
as surely as I live: A term expressing an oath. Just as I live and My glory fills the entire earth, so will I fulfill regarding them, “that all the people who perceived…If they will see the Land.” This verse is transposed. [It should be understood as follows:] As surely as I live, that all these men, if they see the Land…[i.e., they will not see the land] yet My glory shall fill the entire earth, so that My Name shall not be desecrated through this plague by [people] saying “Since God lacked the ability to bring them.” For I shall not kill them suddenly, as one man, but gradually, over a period of forty years.
חי אני: לשון שבועה. כשם שאני חי וכבודי ימלא את כל הארץ, כך אקיים להם, כי כל האנשים הרואים וגו' אם יראו את הארץ. הרי זה מקרא מסורס, חי אני כי כל האנשים אם יראו את הארץ וכבודי ימלא את כל הארץ, שלא יתחלל שמי במגפה הזאת לאמר מבלתי יכולת ה' להביאם, שלא אמיתם פתאום כאיש אחד אלא באיחור ארבעים שנה מעט מעט:
22that all the people who perceived My glory, and the signs that I performed in Egypt and in the desert, yet they have tested me these ten times and not listened to My voice, כבכִּ֣י כָל־הָֽאֲנָשִׁ֗ים הָֽרֹאִ֤ים אֶת־כְּבֹדִי֙ וְאֶת־אֹ֣תֹתַ֔י אֲשֶׁר־עָשִׂ֥יתִי בְמִצְרַ֖יִם וּבַמִּדְבָּ֑ר וַיְנַסּ֣וּ אֹתִ֗י זֶ֚ה עֶ֣שֶׂר פְּעָמִ֔ים וְלֹ֥א שָֽׁמְע֖וּ בְּקוֹלִֽי:
have tested Me: This is to be understood literally.
וינסו: כמשמעו:
these ten times: Twice at the [Red] sea, twice with the manna, twice with the quails…, as is stated in Tractate Arachin (15a).
זה עשר פעמים: שנים בים שנים במן ושנים בשליו וכו', כדאיתא במס' ערכין (טו א):
23if they will see the Land that I swore to their fathers, and all who provoked Me will not see it. כגאִם־יִרְאוּ֙ אֶת־הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֥ר נִשְׁבַּ֖עְתִּי לַֽאֲבֹתָ֑ם וְכָל־מְנַֽאֲצַ֖י לֹ֥א יִרְאֽוּהָ:
if they will see: They will not see it.
אם יראו: לא יראו:
will not see it: They will not see the Land.
לא יראוה: לא יראו את הארץ:
24But as for My servant Caleb, since he was possessed by another spirit, and he followed Me, I will bring him to the land to which he came, and his descendants will drive it[s inhabitants] out. כדוְעַבְדִּ֣י כָלֵ֗ב עֵ֣קֶב הָֽיְתָ֞ה ר֤וּחַ אַחֶ֨רֶת֙ עִמּ֔וֹ וַיְמַלֵּ֖א אַֽחֲרָ֑י וַֽהֲבִֽיאֹתִ֗יו אֶל־הָאָ֨רֶץ֙ אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֣א שָׁ֔מָּה וְזַרְע֖וֹ יֽוֹרִשֶֽׁנָּה:
another spirit: Two spirits, one [which he spoke] with the mouth, and one [he concealed] in his heart. He told the spies, “I am with you in your plot,” but in his heart he intended to say the truth. Because of this, he was able to silence them, as it says, “Caleb silenced…” (13:30), for they thought that he would concur with them. This is what is stated in the Book of Joshua (14:7),“I [Caleb] brought back word to him [Moses] as it was in my heart”-but not according to what I had said. - [Mid. Tanchuma Shelach 10]
רוח אחרת: שתי רוחות אחת בפה ואחת בלב, למרגלים אמר, אני עמכם בעצה, ובלבו היה לומר האמת ועל ידי כן היה בו כח להשתיקם, כמו שנאמר (לעיל יג ל) ויהס כלב, שהיו סבורים שיאמר כמותם, זהו שנאמר בספר (יהושע יד ז) ואשיב אותו דבר כאשר עם לבבי, ולא כאשר עם פי:
and followed Me: Heb. וַיְמַּלֵא אַחֲרָי, lit., he filled after Me. He followed Me wholeheartedly [lit., he filled his heart after Me]; this is an elliptical verse [since the word לִבּוֹ,“his heart,” is missing but implied].
וימלא אחרי: וימלא את לבו אחרי וזה מקרא קצר:
to which he came: Hebron shall be given to him.
אשר בא שמה: חברון תנתן לו:
will drive it[s inhabitants] out: Heb. יוֹרִשֶׁנָּה, as the Targum [Onkelos] renders,“They will drive out.” They will expel the giants and the people who dwell in it. But it [the word יוֹרִשֶׁנָּה] is not be rendered as“will inherit it” unless the text has יִירָשֶׁנָּה.
יורשנה: כתרגומו יתרכינה, יורישו את הענקים ואת העם אשר בה, ואין לתרגמו יירתינה, אלא במקום יירשנה:
25The Amalekites and the Canaanites dwell in the valley. Tomorrow, turn back and journey into the desert toward the Red Sea." כהוְהָֽעֲמָֽלֵקִ֥י וְהַכְּנַֽעֲנִ֖י יוֹשֵׁ֣ב בָּעֵ֑מֶק מָחָ֗ר פְּנ֨וּ וּסְע֥וּ לָכֶ֛ם הַמִּדְבָּ֖ר דֶּ֥רֶךְ יַם־סֽוּף:
The Amalekites: If you go there [to the valley] they will kill you, since I am not with you.
והעמלקי וגו': אם תלכו שם יהרגו אתכם, מאחר שאיני עמכם:
Tomorrow, turn back: Turn around and travel [back to the desert].
מחר פנו: לאחוריכם וסעו לכם וגו':
Daily Tehillim: Chapters 106 - 107• Hebrew text• English text• Chapter 106
The psalmist continues the theme of the previous psalm, praising God for performing other miracles not mentioned previously, for "who can recount the mighty acts of God?" Were we to try, we could not mention them all!
1. Praise the Lord! Praise the Lord for He is good, for His kindness is everlasting.
2. Who can recount the mighty acts of the Lord, or proclaim all His praises?
3. Fortunate are those who preserve justice, who perform deeds of righteousness all the time.
4. Remember me, Lord, when You find favor with Your people; be mindful of me with Your deliverance;
5. to behold the prosperity of Your chosen, to rejoice in the joy of Your nation, to glory with Your inheritance.
6. We have sinned as did our fathers, we have acted perversely and wickedly.
7. Our fathers in Egypt did not contemplate Your wonders, they did not remember Your abundant kindnesses, and they rebelled by the sea, at the Sea of Reeds.
8. Yet He delivered them for the sake of His Name, to make His strength known.
9. He roared at the Sea of Reeds and it dried up; He led them through the depths, as through a desert.
10. He saved them from the hand of the enemy, and redeemed them from the hand of the foe.
11. The waters engulfed their adversaries; not one of them remained.
12. Then they believed in His words, they sang His praise.
13. They quickly forgot His deeds, they did not wait for His counsel;
14. and they lusted a craving in the desert, they tested God in the wilderness.
15. And He gave them their request, but sent emaciation into their souls.
16. They angered Moses in the camp, and Aaron, the Lord's holy one.
17. The earth opened and swallowed Dathan, and engulfed the company of Abiram;
18. and a fire burned in their assembly, a flame set the wicked ablaze.
19. They made a calf in Horeb, and bowed down to a molten image.
20. They exchanged their Glory for the likeness of a grass-eating ox.
21. They forgot God, their savior, Who had performed great deeds in Egypt,
22. wonders in the land of Ham, awesome things at the Sea of Reeds.
23. He said that He would destroy them-had not Moses His chosen one stood in the breach before Him, to turn away His wrath from destroying.
24. They despised the desirable land, they did not believe His word.
25. And they murmured in their tents, they did not heed the voice of the Lord.
26. So He raised His hand [in oath] against them, to cast them down in the wilderness,
27. to throw down their progeny among the nations, and to scatter them among the lands.
28. They joined themselves to [the idol] Baal Peor, and ate of the sacrifices to the dead;
29. they provoked Him with their doings, and a plague broke out in their midst.
30. Then Phineas arose and executed judgement, and the plague was stayed;
31. it was accounted for him as a righteous deed, through all generations, forever.
32. They angered Him at the waters of Merivah, and Moses suffered on their account;
33. for they defied His spirit, and He pronounced [an oath] with His lips.
34. They did not destroy the nations as the Lord had instructed them;
35. rather, they mingled with the nations and learned their deeds.
36. They worshipped their idols, and they became a snare for them.
37. They sacrificed their sons and daughters to demons.
38. They spilled innocent blood, the blood of their sons and daughters whom they sacrificed to the idols of Canaan; and the land became guilty with blood.
39. They were defiled by their deeds, and went astray by their actions.
40. And the Lord's wrath blazed against His people, and He abhorred His inheritance;
41. so He delivered them into the hands of nations, and their enemies ruled them.
42. Their enemies oppressed them, and they were subdued under their hand.
43. Many times did He save them, yet they were rebellious in their counsel and were impoverished by their sins.
44. But He saw their distress, when He heard their prayer;
45. and He remembered for them His covenant and He relented, in keeping with His abounding kindness,
46. and He caused them to be treated mercifully by all their captors.
47. Deliver us, Lord our God; gather us from among the nations, that we may give thanks to Your Holy Name and glory in Your praise.
48. Blessed is the Lord, the God of Israel, forever and ever. And let all the people say, "Amen! Praise the Lord!"
Chapter 107
This psalm speaks of those who are saved from four specific perilous situations(imprisonment, sickness, desert travel, and sea travel) and must thank God, for their sins caused their troubles, and only by the kindness of God were they saved. It is therefore appropriate that they praise God and tell of their salvation to all.
1. Give thanks to the Lord for He is good, for His kindness is everlasting.
2. So shall say those redeemed by the Lord, those whom He redeemed from the hand of the oppressor.
3. He gathered them from the lands-from east and from west, from north and from the sea.
4. They lost their way in the wilderness, in the wasteland; they found no inhabited city.
5. Both hungry and thirsty, their soul languished within them.
6. They cried out to the Lord in their distress; He delivered them from their afflictions.
7. He guided them in the right path to reach an inhabited city.
8. Let them give thanks to the Lord, and [proclaim] His wonders to the children of man,
9. for He has satiated a thirsting soul, and filled a hungry soul with goodness.
10. Those who sit in darkness and the shadow of death, bound in misery and chains of iron,
11. for they defied the words of God and spurned the counsel of the Most High-
12. He humbled their heart through suffering; they stumbled and there was none to help.
13. They cried out to the Lord in their distress; He saved them from their afflictions.
14. He brought them out of darkness and the shadow of death, and sundered their bonds.
15. Let them give thanks to the Lord for His kindness, and [proclaim] His wonders to the children of man,
16. for He broke the brass gates and smashed the iron bars.
17. Foolish sinners are afflicted because of their sinful ways and their wrongdoings.
18. Their soul loathes all food, and they reach the gates of death.
19. They cried out to the Lord in their distress; He saved them from their afflictions.
20. He sent forth His command and healed them; He delivered them from their graves.
21. Let them give thanks to the Lord for His kindness, and [proclaim] His wonders to the children of man.
22. Let them offer sacrifices of thanksgiving, and joyfully recount His deeds.
23. Those who go down to the sea in ships, who perform tasks in mighty waters;
24. they saw the works of the Lord and His wonders in the deep.
25. He spoke and caused the stormy wind to rise, and it lifted up the waves.
26. They rise to the sky, plunge to the depths; their soul melts in distress.
27. They reel and stagger like a drunkard, all their skill is to no avail.
28. They cried out to the Lord in their distress, and He brought them out from their calamity.
29. He transformed the storm into stillness, and the waves were quieted.
30. They rejoiced when they were silenced, and He led them to their destination.
31. Let them give thanks to the Lord for His kindness, and [proclaim] His wonders to the children of man.
32. Let them exalt Him in the congregation of the people, and praise Him in the assembly of the elders.
33. He turns rivers into desert, springs of water into parched land,
34. a fruitful land into a salt-marsh, because of the wickedness of those who inhabit it.
35. He turns a desert into a lake, and parched land into springs of water.
36. He settles the hungry there, and they establish a city of habitation.
37. They sow fields and plant vineyards which yield fruit and wheat.
38. He blesses them and they multiply greatly, and He does not decrease their cattle.
39. [If they sin,] they are diminished and cast down through oppression, misery, and sorrow.
40. He pours contempt upon distinguished men, and causes them to stray in a pathless wilderness.
41. He raises the needy from distress, and makes their families [as numerous] as flocks.
42. The upright observe this and rejoice, and all the wicked close their mouth.
43. Let him who is wise bear these in mind, and then the benevolent acts of the Lord will be understood.
Tanya: Shaar Hayichud Vehaemunah, middle of Chapter 7• Lessons in Tanya• English Text
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• Tuesday, Sivan 22, 5776 · June 28, 2016
• Shaar Hayichud Vehaemunah, middle of Chapter 7
• והנה אף על פי שהוא יתברך למעלה מהמקום והזמן, אף על פי כן הוא נמצא גם למטה במקום וזמן
Rambam:
• Sefer Hamitzvos:• English Text | Hebrew Text |
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Now, although G‑d transcends space and time, He is nevertheless also found below, within space and time — even as space and time, i.e., the dimensions that constitute the world, exist (in their own eyes) as independent entities;
דהיינו, שמתייחד במדת מלכותו, שממנה נמשך ונתהוה המקום והזמן
that is, He unites with His attribute of Malchut, from which space and time are derived and come into existence.
This refers to Malchut after its descent through the various tzimtzumim. However, even this level of Malchut is united with G‑d. Thus, G‑d Who transcends time and space is also found within time and space.
The reason created beings are unable to perceive Him is that Malchut conceals His Presence; they thus regard themselves as possessing independent existence, subject to the limitations and divisions of time and space.
וזהו יחודא תתאה
And this is yichuda tata‘ah, or “lower-level Unity,”
In this state, created beings are not totally nullified in relation to their source, the attribute of Malchut, inasmuch as it allows them to be aware of their own existence.
שילוב הוי"ה באדנות ברוך הוא
(1[meaning] the intertwining of [the letters of the Name] Havayah within [the letters of the Name of]Adnut).
In this instance the Divine Name Havayah is intertwined and vested within the Name of Adnut; i.e., Havayah is concealed and submerged, while Adnut is revealed and predominant, allowing for the creation of time and space.
דהיינו, שמהותו ועצמותו יתברך, הנקרא בשם אין סוף ברוך הוא, מלא את כל הארץ ממש בזמן ומקום
I.e., His Essence and Being, which is called by the Name Ein Sof, “the Infinite One,” completely fills the whole earth temporally and spatially.
כי בשמים ממעל ובארץ ולד׳ סטרין, הכל מלא מאור אין סוף ברוך הוא בשוה ממש, כי כך הוא בארץ מתחת כמו בשמים ממעל ממש
For in the heavens above and on the earth [below] and in the four directions, everything is equally permeated with the Ein Sof-light, for [G‑d] is to be found on the earth below exactly as in the heavens above,
כי הכל הוא בחינת מקום, הבטל במציאות באור אין סוף ברוך הוא
for everything — including both heaven and earth — is within the dimension of space, which is utterly nullified in the Ein Sof-light,
המתלבש בו על ידי מדת מלכותו, המיוחדת בו יתברך
which clothes itself in it through [G‑d’s] attribute of Malchut that is united with Him.
In relation to the Ein Sof-light which totally transcends time and space there exists no difference between heaven and earth; G‑d is found equally in heaven and upon the earth. This being so, why are time and space not totally nullified?
רק שמדת מלכותו היא מדת הצמצום וההסתר, להסתיר אור אין סוף ברוך הוא
[They are not nullified] because [G‑d’s] attribute of Malchut is the attribute of tzimtzum and concealment, [whose function is] to hide the Ein Sof-light, so that it will not be perceived by created beings,
שלא יבטלו הזמן והמקום ממציאותם לגמרי, ולא יהיה שום בחינת זמן ומקום במציאות, אפילו לתחתונים
so that the existence of time and space should not be completely nullified and there will be no dimensions of time and space whatsoever, even for the lower worlds.
I.e., it is only because of the concealment effected by Malchut that time and space exist for created beings.
| FOOTNOTES | |
| 1. | Parentheses are in the original text. |
• Sefer Hamitzvos:• English Text | Hebrew Text |
Audio: Listen | Download | Video Class• Tuesday, Sivan 22, 5776 · June 28, 2016
• Today's Mitzvah
A daily digest of Maimonides’ classic work "Sefer Hamitzvot"
Important Message Regarding This Lesson
The Daily Mitzvah schedule runs parallel to the daily study of 3 chapters of Maimonides' 14-volume code. There are instances when the Mitzvah is repeated a few days consecutively while the exploration of the same Mitzvah continues in the in-depth track.
Positive Commandment 105
Ritual Impurity of Semen Impurity caused by Discharge
We are commanded regarding the ritual impurity [contained in and emitted by] semen. [I.e., when contracted, one must follow all the laws associated with this impurity.]
Full text of this Mitzvah »
A daily digest of Maimonides’ classic work "Sefer Hamitzvot"
Important Message Regarding This Lesson
The Daily Mitzvah schedule runs parallel to the daily study of 3 chapters of Maimonides' 14-volume code. There are instances when the Mitzvah is repeated a few days consecutively while the exploration of the same Mitzvah continues in the in-depth track.
Positive Commandment 105
Ritual Impurity of Semen Impurity caused by Discharge
We are commanded regarding the ritual impurity [contained in and emitted by] semen. [I.e., when contracted, one must follow all the laws associated with this impurity.]
Full text of this Mitzvah »
• Ritual Impurity of Semen Impurity caused by Discharge
Positive Commandment 105
Translated by Berel Bell
The 105th mitzvah is that we are commanded regarding the tumah of semen.1 This mitzvah includes all the laws regarding shichvas zera.2
FOOTNOTES
1.Lev. 15:16.
2.See Hilchos Shaar Avos HaTuma'os, Chapter 5.
• 1 Chapter: Shegagot Shegagot - Perek 6 • English Text | Hebrew Text | Audio: Listen | Download | Video Class• Shegagot - Perek 6
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1
The laws concerning inadvertent consumption of foods are the same as those concerning inadvertent intimate relations. Therefore if one partook of the same type of forbidden food many times in one lapse of awareness, he is only liable for one sin-offering even though there were many days in the interim.
What is implied? One partook of forbidden fat on a given day and did so also on the following day, and the day following that in one state of lapsed awareness, he is liable for only one sin-offering, even if they were cooked in different pots. If, by contrast, one inadvertently partook of an olive-sized portion of forbidden fat, he became aware of the transgression and then again inadvertently partook of an olive-sized portion of forbidden fat and became aware of the transgression, he is liable for each time he ate. For gaining awareness causes each inadvertent transgression to be considered as distinct.
If one partook of half an olive-sized portion of forbidden fat and then partook of another half of an olive-sized portion of forbidden fat in one state of lapsed awareness, they are joined together, even though they were cooked and served in different pots and he made an interruption between partaking of them. For the different pots do not cause the inadvertent transgressions to be considered as distinct. This applies provided he did not take more than the time to eat three eggs between the two times he ate, as explained in Hilchot Ma'achalot Assurot. Just as anything eaten in this time is combined to comprise a minimum measure to make a person who did so willfully liable for lashes, so too, anything eaten in this time is combined to comprise a minimum measure to make a person who did so inadvertently liable to bring a sacrifice.
א
דין שגגת המאכלות כדין שגגת הבעילות לפיכך אם אכל אכילות הרבה משם אחד בהעלם אחת אף על פי שיש ביניהן ימים רבים אינו חייב אלא חטאת אחת כיצד אכל חלב היום ואכל חלב למחר וחלב למחר בהעלם אחת אע"פ שהן בשלשה תמחויין אינו חייב אלא אחת אבל אם אכל כזית חלב ונודע לו וחזר ואכל כזית חלב ונודע לו חייב על כל אכילה ואכילה שהידיעות מחלקות השגגות אכל כחצי זית חלב וחזר ואכל כחצי זית חלב בהעלם אחת אף על פי שהן שני תמחויין ואע"פ שהפסיק ביניהן הרי אלו מצטרפין ומביא חטאת שאין התמחויין מחלקין והוא שלא ישהה ביניהן יותר מכדי אכילת שלש ביצים כמו שביארנו בהלכות מאכלות אסורות שכשם שמצטרף השיעור למזיד למלקות כך מצטרף השיעור לשוגג לקרבן:
2
If a person partook of notar from five different sacrifices, an olive-sized portion from each sacrifice, in one lapse of awareness, he is liable for only one sin-offering, even if he partook of them in five different pots. The rationale is that they are all included in one prohibition and the different pots do not cause the inadvertent transgressions to be considered as distinct. Nor do the different bodies of the sacrifices cause the inadvertent transgressions to be considered as distinct. There is no difference whether one partakes of meat that is notar from one sacrifice or from many sacrifices.
Similarly, when one slaughters five sacrificial animals outside the Temple Courtyard in one lapse of awareness, he is only liable for one sin-offering. To what can the matter be compared? To one who bows down to five forbidden images in one lapse of awareness.
ב
אכל נותר מחמשה זבחים כזית מכל זבח בהעלם אחת אף על פי שאכלן בחמשה תמחויין אינו חייב אלא חטאת אחת שכולן שם אחד הן והתמחויין אינן מחלקין וגופי הזבחים אינן מחלקין שאחד האוכל בשר מזבחים רבים או מזבח אחד וכן השוחט חמשה זבחים בחוץ בהעלם אחת אינו חייב אלא חטאת אחת הא למה זה דומה למשתחוה לחמש צורות בהעלם אחת:
3
If one let the blood of his animal and received it in two cups and drank them both in one lapse of awareness, he is liable for only one sin-offering.
ג
הקיז דם לבהמתו וקיבלו בשני כוסות ושתאן בהעלם אחת אינו מביא אלא חטאת אחת:
4
When a person eats foods that are forbidden because of different prohibitions in one lapse of awareness, he is liable for one sin-offering for every type of prohibition.
What is implied? One partook of an olive-sized portion of each of the following: forbidden fat, blood, notar, and piggul, in one lapse of awareness must bring four sin-offerings. Similar laws apply in all analogous situations.
Anyone who eats a single olive-sized portion of food that is forbidden because of many different prohibitions in one lapse of awareness must bring a sin-offering for every prohibition, provided the prohibitions either cause the entity to be forbidden to additional people, the scope of the latter prohibition encompasses other entities together with the entity that was originally prohibited, or the two prohibitions take effect at the same time.
For this reason, if a person who is ritually impure partook of an olive-sized portion of forbidden fat that was notar on Yom Kippur, he must bring four sin-offerings and a guilt-offering: one sin-offering, because he was impure and he partook of consecrated food, one, because he partook of forbidden fat, one, because he partook of notar, and one, because he ate on Yom Kippur, provided another food is combined with this olive-sized portion so that it comprises a date-sized portion. And he must bring a guilt-offering for the misappropriation of consecrated property, for he inadvertently derived benefit from consecrated property.
ד
האוכל מאכלות הרבה משמות הרבה בהעלם אחת חייב על כל שם ושם כיצד כגון שאכל חלב ודם ונותר ופיגול כזית מכל אחד ואחד בהעלם אחת מביא ארבע חטאות וכן כל כיוצא באלו וכל האוכל כזית אחד שנתקבצו בו שמות הרבה בהעלם אחת אם נתקבצו באיסור מוסיף או באיסור כולל או באיסור בת אחת חייב על כל שם ושם לפיכך הטמא שאכל כזית חלב ונותר ביום הכפורים מביא ארבע חטאות ואשם חטאת אחת משום טמא שאכל קודש ואחת משום אוכל חלב ואחת משום אוכל נותר ואחת משום יוה"כ והוא שיצטרף אוכל אחר עם כזית זה עד שישלימו לככותבת ומביא אשם ודאי למעילה שהרי נהנה מן ההקדש בשגגה:
5
When a person eats and drinks on Yom Kippur in one lapse of awareness, he is only liable for one sin-offering. Eating and drinking is considered as a single act.
ה
האוכל ושותה ביום הכפורים בהעלם אחת אינו חייב אלא חטאת אחת אכילה ושתייה אחת היא:
6
When a person performs a forbidden labor on Yom Kippur that falls on the Sabbath, he is liable for two sin-offerings, because they are two prohibitions that take effect at the same time.
ו
העושה מלאכה ביוה"כ שחל להיות בשבת חייב שתי חטאות מפני שהן שני איסורין הבאין כאחד:
7
When a person eats a half of an olive-sized portion of forbidden fat and half an olive-sized portion of blood in one lapse of awareness, he is not liable for an offering. Just as the prohibitions are not combined to make one liable for lashes, as explained inHilchot Ma'achalot Assurot, so too, they are not combined to make him liable for a sacrifice.
ז
אכל כחצי זית חלב וכחצי זית דם בהעלם אחת אינו חייב קרבן כשם שאין האיסורין מצטרפין למלקות כמו שביארנו בהלכות מאכלות אסורות כך אין מצטרפין לקרבן:
8
When a person inadvertently partook of half an olive-sized portion of a forbidden substance and then became aware of his transgression, but forgot and partook of another half an olive-sized portion of the same substance in a second lapse of awareness, he is not liable for an offering. The rationale is that he became aware in the interim and awareness causes a distinction to be made even with regard to half the required measure.
Similarly, if one wrote one letter on the Sabbath inadvertently and then became aware of the matter and then forgot and then wrote another letter next to the first in a second lapse of awareness, he is not liable for a sin-offering. Similar laws apply in all analogous situations.
In a like vein, if a person transferred an article two cubits in the public domain on the Sabbath inadvertently, transferred it another two cubits in conscious violation of the Sabbath laws and then transferred it two cubits inadvertently, he is liable if he transferred it by throwing it. The rationale is not that his gaining awareness after half the measure is not significant, but rather that, after throwing the article, he is unable to bring it back. Therefore the awareness he gained in the interim is of no avail. If he transferred the article by passing it, he is exempt, because gaining awareness after half the required measure has been completed is significant.
ח
אכל כחצי זית ונודע לו וחזר ושכח ואכל כחצי זית אחר בהעלם שני פטור שהרי נודע לו בינתיים ויש ידיעה לחצי שיעור וכן אם כתב אות אחת [בשבת] בשגגה ונודע לו וחזר ושכח וכתב אות שנייה סמוכה לה בהעלם שני פטור מקרבן חטאת וכן כל כיוצא בזה וכן אם הוציא שתי אמות בשוגג ושתי אמות במזיד ושתי אמות בשוגג אם בזריקה חייב לא מפני שאין ידיעה לחצי שיעור אלא מפני שאין בידו להחזירה לפיכך לא הועילה לו הידיעה שבינתיים ואם בהעברה פטור שיש ידיעה לחצי שיעור כמו שביארנו:
9
The following rules apply when a person ate an olive-sized portion of forbidden fat and then a second olive-sized portion of forbidden fat in one lapse of awareness. If he became aware of the first transgression and then became aware of the second, he must bring two sin-offerings, because the difference in his becoming aware of the transgressions creates a distinction even though he did not set a side a sacrificial animal yet. If, however, he became aware of both of them at the same time, he should bring only one sin-offering. Similarly, it appears to me that the law is the same with regard to forbidden sexual relations.
ט
האוכל כזית חלב וכזית חלב בהעלם אחת ונודע לו על הראשון וחזר ונודע לו על השתי מביא שתי חטאות שהידיעות מחלקות ואע"פ שעדיין לא הפריש הקרבן אבל אם נודע לו על שניהן כאחת מביא חטאת אחת וכן יראה לי שהוא הדין בבעילות:
10
If one ate an olive-sized portion and a half of forbidden fat in a single lapse of awareness, then became aware that he partook of the olive-sized portion and then, partook of another half of an olive-sized portion while he is unaware of partaking of the other half, he is only liable for one sin-offering. The rationale is that the second half of an olive-sized portion is not combined with the first half, even though it was eaten during its lapse of awareness, because he had become aware of part of the transgression performed in the initial lapse of awareness.
י
אכל כזית ומחצה בהעלם אחת ונודע לו על כזית וחזר ואכל חצי זית בהעלמו של שני אינו חייב אלא חטאת אחת שאין חצי זית האחרון מצטרף לראשון אף על פי שהוא בהעלמו שהרי נודע לו על מקצת העלמה ראשונה:
11
A person partook of two olive-sized portions of forbidden fat and then became aware of eating one of them. He then partook of another olive-sized portion while he was unaware of the second transgression and then brought a sin-offering to atone for the first transgression. The first and the second transgressions are atoned for by this sacrifice, but not the third. Instead, when he becomes aware of it, he should bring another sin-offering.
If he brought a sin-offering for the third transgression, it secures atonement for the second and the third, because they both were committed during a single lapse of awareness, but atonement for the first is not secured by this sacrifice.
If he brought a sin-offering for the middle transgression, atonement is secured for all three. The rationale is that both the first and the third were performed during the same lapse of awareness that involved the second. Hence when he becomes aware of the first and the third transgressions, he does not have to bring an additional sin-offering.
יא
אכל שני זיתי חלב בהעלם אחת ונודע לו על אחת מהן וחזר ואכל כזית אחר בהעלמו של שני והביא חטאת על הראשון ראשון ושני מתכפרין אבל שלישי לא נתכפר אלא כשיודע לו עליו יביא חטאת אחרת הביא חטאת על השלישי שלישי ושני מתכפרין ששניהם בהעלם אחת וראשון לא נתכפר בחטאת זו הביא חטאת על האמצעי שלשתן מתכפרין מפני שהראשון והשלישי בהעלמו של אמצעי וכשיוודע לו על הראשון ועל השלישי אין צריך להביא חטאת אחרת:
12
A person ate one of two pieces of fat, one, kosher and one, forbidden and he was unsure whether he had eaten the permitted fat or the forbidden fat and then he ate another piece in a similar mixture and again he was unsure whether he had eaten the permitted fat or the forbidden fat. If, afterwards, he gained definitive knowledge that he ate forbidden fat on both occasions, he is only liable for one sin-offering. Although the lack of certainty concerning whether or not he transgressed is sufficient to create a distinction with regard to a tentative guilt-offering, it is not considered as gaining awareness to require a distinction between the sin-offerings brought for atonement.
יב
מי שאכל חתיכה משתי חתיכות ונסתפק לו אם אכל חלב או שומן ואכל חתיכה אחרת משתי חתיכות ונסתפק לו אם אכל חלב או שומן ואחר כך נודע לו בודאי שחלב אכל בראשונה ובשנייה אינו חייב אלא חטאת אחת שידיעת ספק שהיתה לו בינתיים אע"פ שמחלקת לאשמות אינה מחלקת לחטאות:
• 3 Chapters: She'ar Avot haTum'ah She'ar Avot haTum'ah - Chapter 18, She'ar Avot haTum'ah She'ar Avot haTum'ah - Chapter 19, She'ar Avot haTum'ah She'ar Avot haTum'ah - Chapter 20 • English Text | Hebrew Text | Audio: Listen | Download• She'ar Avot haTum'ah - Chapter 18
Hayom Yom:• English Text | Video Class• Tuesday, Sivan 22, 5776 · June 28, 2016• "Today's Day"
Audio: Listen | Download• She'ar Avot haTum'ah - Chapter 18
1
No matter to what degree doubts and compounded doubts are multiplied in a public domain, the person or object involved is pure. In a private domain, by contrast, he is impure.
What is implied? If one entered an alley and there was impurity in the courtyard to which the alley led. If there was a question whether or not he entered the courtyard, he is impure because of the doubt, because an alley is considered a private domain. This same ruling applies if:
a) there is impurity in a house and there is a doubt whether one entered the house or not, or
b) even if one entered, but there was a doubt whether there was impurity there or not, or
c) even if one would say that impurity was present when one entered, there is a doubt whether it comprises the required measure or not, or
d) even if the substance certainly comprises the required measure, there is a doubt whether it is impure or not, or
e) even if it is certainly impure, there is a doubt whether or not one touched it.
א
כל שאתה יכול לרבות ספיקות וספקי ספיקות בר"ה טהור ברה"י טמא כיצד נכנס למבוי והטומאה בחצר ספק נכנס לחצר ספק לא נכנס טומאה בבית ספק נכנס לבית ספק לא נכנס ואפילו נכנס ספק שלא היתה שם ספק היתה שם וא"ת היתה שם בעת שנכנס ספק יש בה כשיעור ספק אין בה וא"ת יש בה ספק שהיא טומאה ספק אינה טומאה ואפילו היא טומאה ספק נגע ספק לא נגע ספיקו טמא שהמבוי רשות היחיד:
2
If there are nine carcasses of frogs and one carcass of a creeping animal in a private domain and a person touched one of the carcasses, but did not know which one, he is impure because of the doubt. If there are nine carcasses of creeping animals and one carcass of a frog in a public domain and a person touched one, he is pure despite the doubt.
This is the general principle: Any time there is a question concerning impurity in the public domain, the person is pure unless he says: "I certainly contracted impurity." Any time there is such a question in a private domain, he is impure unless he says: "It is certain that I did not contract impurity."
Accordingly, if there are bones from a human corpse and bones from an animal carcass in the public domain or clods of pure earth and clods of earth from a beit hapras or from the Diaspora and one touched or moved one of them, but does not know what he touched or moved, he is pure. This same ruling applies if there was an olive-sized portion from a human corpse and an olive-sized portion of an animal carcass and one held a portion of his body over one of them, but did not know over which one he held a portion of his body. And it applies if there are two paths, one pure and one impure, one walked down one of them, but did not know which one he walked down, he touched a person on the road, but did not know whether he was pure or impure, or there were two people, one impure and one pure, he touched one, but he did not know which one he touched.
ב
תשעה צפרדעים ושרץ אחד ביניהן ברשות היחיד ונגע באחד מהן ואינו יודע אי זהו ספיקו טמא ט' שרצים וצפרדע ביניהן ברשות הרבים ונגע באחד מהן ספיקו טהור זה הכלל כל ספק ברשות הרבים טהור עד שיאמר נטמאתי בודאי וכל ספק ברה"י טמא עד שיאמר ודאי שלא נטמאתי לפיכך עצמות המת ועצם נבלה בר"ה או גוש מארץ טהורה וגושים מבית הפרס או מארץ העמים ונגע באחד מהן או הסיטו ואין ידוע במה נגע מהן ובמה הסיט כזית מן המת וכזית מן הנבילה והאהיל על אחד מהן ואין ידוע על אי זה מהן האהיל ב' שבילין אחד טהור ואחד טמא הלך באחד מהן ואין ידוע באי זה הלך או שנגע באדם זה בדרך ואין ידוע אם הוא טמא או טהור או שהיו שני אנשים אחד טמא ואחד טהור ונגע באחד מהן ואין ידוע באי זה מהן נגע בכל אלו הספיקות טהור:
3
The following laws apply when a person journeyed on a road and found a corpse lying across the width of the road. If it was intact and it extended from one side of the road to the other, he is impure with regard to terumah, for it can be assumed that he touched it. If he had space on either side to pass by or the corpse was dismembered and torn into pieces so that he could have passed between his hips and the other portions of his body, he is pure.
If a grave extended over the entire width of the road, the entire corpse is considered as a single entity because of the grave, and one who passes over it is impure. This instance does not resemble other questionable situations. Instead, it is assumed that he touched the grave.
ג
המוצא מת מושכב לרוחבו של דרך אם היה שלם והוא מן הקצה אל הקצה ה"ז טמא לתרומה שחזקתו שנגע היה לו מקום לעבור או שהיה משובר ומפורק שאפשר שעבר בין שוקיו ופרקיו ה"ז טהור ואם היה קבר לכל רוחב הדרך הקבר מצרפו והעובר שם טמא שאין זה כשאר ספיקות אלא חזקתו שנגע:
4
When the carcass of a creeping animal is found in an alley, it imparts impurity retroactively to all those who passed through until the time that one said: "I checked this alley on this and this day and there was no carcass of a creeping animal there." Even if the alley was swept, if it was not checked, it imparts impurity to those who passed through from before the time it was swept and afterwards.
When does the above apply? When the carcass that was discovered was dry. If it was fresh, it does not impart impurity retroactively for that length of time, only for the length of time in which the animal could have died and remained as fresh as it was found.
ד
שרץ שנמצא במבוי מטמא למפרע עד העת שיאמר בדקתי את המבוי הזה ביום פלוני ולא היה בו שרץ אפילו כבדו ולא בדקו ה"ז מטמא למפרע מקודם הכיבוד במה דברים אמורים שמצאו יבש אבל אם מצאו לח אינו מטמא למפרע אלא עד שעה שאפשר שימות בה ויהיה עתה לח בעת שנמצא:
5
The following laws apply when there were two spots of saliva in a private domain. One was pure and one was of unknown origin when discovered and hence, was decreed to be impure, as explained previously. If one touched or moved one of them, but does not know which, the status of terumah which he touches is held in abeyance, because a compounded doubt is involved: Perhaps he touched the saliva that was known to be pure and perhaps he touched the one that was found whose status was unknown. Even if he touched the one that was found, perhaps it was impure, but perhaps it was pure.
Different laws apply if there were two spots of saliva in the public domain. If they were dry and deposited there and a person touched one of them, he is pure, despite the doubt. If he carried one of them, the status of articles he touches is held in abeyance. The rationale is that after he carried it up, it is no longer deposited in the public domain. Similarly, if one of them was moist and the moist saliva became attached to him, the status of articles he touches is held in abeyance, for since it is on his garment, we can no longer apply the principle: when something is deposited in the public domain, it is pure despite the doubt.
We already explained that, in all situations, if one touched, carried, or moved saliva of unknown origin that is discovered, terumah should be burnt because of it, like a beit hapras, and the like, in which instances, terumah is burnt in all situations when one has definitely made contact.
ה
שני רוקין ברה"י אחד טהור ואחד מן הרוקין הנמצאים שגזרו עליהן טומאה כמו שביארנו ונגע באחד מהן או הסיטו ואין ידוע אי זהו תולין עליו את התרומה מפני שהן שני ספיקות ספק בטהור נגע ספק בנמצא וא"ת בנמצא ספק שהוא טמא ספק שהוא טהור היו שני הרוקין בר"ה אם היו נגובין ומונחין שם ונגע באחד מהן ספיקו טהור נשא אחד מהן תולין עליו שהרי משנשאו אינו מונח בר"ה וכן אם היה אחד מהן לח ונתלה בו הרוק הלח תולין עליו שהרי אינו מונח בר"ה כדי שיהיה ספיקו טהור אלא הרי הוא על בגדו כבר ביארנו שאם נגע ברוק הנמצא או נשאו או הסיטו בכל מקום שורפין עליו את התרומה כבית הפרס וכיוצא בה ששורפין על ודאי מגען בכ"מ:
6
The following laws apply when a person was sitting in the public domain and another person whose status is unknown came and trod on his garments or spat and the saliva touched the person who was sitting. Terumah which he touches is burnt because of the saliva. With regard to the status of his clothes, the determination is made based on the status of the majority of the town's inhabitants. If most are impure, his clothes are considered to have contractedmidras impurity. If most are pure, he is pure.
ו
מי שישב ברשות הרבים, ובא אחד ודרס על בגדיו, או שרקק ונגע בו הרוק--על הרוק, שורפין את התרומה. ועל בגדיו, הולכין אחר הרוב: אם רוב העיר טמאים, בגדיו מדרס; ואם רוב העיר טהורים, הרי זה טהור.
7
When a person lost a k'li and discovered it in a private domain, it is considered to have contracted midras impurity and the impurity connected with a human corpse. If he found it in the public domain, it is pure, provided he lost it during the day and found it that day. If he lost it during the day and found it at night, lost it at night and found it during the day, or lost it during the day and found it on the following day, it is presumed to be impure.
This is the general principle: Whenever the night - or a portion of it - passed while an article was lost, it is impure.
ז
מי שאבד לו כלי, ומצאו ברשות היחיד--הרי זה טמא מדרס, וטמא טמא מת. אבד לו ברשות הרבים, ומצאו ברשות הרבים--אם אבד ביום, ומצאו בו ביום--טהור; אבד ביום ומצאו בלילה, או שאבד בלילה ומצאו ביום, או שאבד ביום ומצאו ביום של אחריו--הרי זה בחזקת טמא. זה הכלל--כל שעבר עליו הלילה או מקצתו, טמא
8
If a person deposited or forgot a k'li in the public domain, it is pure even when the night passed while it was there. If he deposited or forgot it in a private domain, it is considered to have contracted midras impurity, but not the impurity connected with a human corpse.
Why did the Sages not rule as stringently with regard to one who deposited or forgot an article as they did with regard to one who lost an article? Because depositing or forgetting an article in the public domain is not that common a circumstance. Hence, they did not institute a decree concerning it.
ח
הניח כלי או שכחו ברשות הרבים--אף על פי שעבר עליו הלילה, טהור; הניח או שכח ברשות היחיד--הרי זה טמא מדרס, וטהור מטמא מת. ומפני מה לא החמירו בשוכח ומניח כמאבד--מפני שאינו דבר מצוי תמיד, לא גזרו עליו
9
When a person loses an article and finds it at home, it is pure, because it can be assumed to be protected.
ט
המאבד ומצא בתוך הבית--הרי זה טהור, מפני שהוא בחזקת שימור
10
When a person spreads utensils out in the public domain, they are pure. In a private domain, they are impure, lest impure people have touched them. If he was watching them, they are pure. If they fell and he went to get them, they are impure, because they went out of his sight. Similarly, if one lost his utensils in a private domain and found them, even that day, they are considered to have contracted midras impurity and the impurity connected with a human corpse, as we explained.
י
השוטח כלים ברשות הרבים, הרי אלו טהורים. וברשות היחיד--טמאים, שמא נגעו בהן טמאים; ואם היה משמרן, טהורים. נפלו והלך להביאם--טמאים, שהרי נעלמו מעיניו. וכן מי שאבדו כליו ברשות היחיד, ומצאן אפילו בו ביום--הרי הן מדרס וטמא מת, כמו שביארנו
11
If there is one intellectually or emotionally compromised woman or gentile woman in a town, all of the saliva of unknown origin discovered in any place in the town is always considered as impure.
יא
שוטה אחת בעיר, או נוכרית--כל הרוקין שבעיר בחזקת טומאה לעולם, בכל מקום
12
The following laws apply when a woman trod on the clothes of a person or sat with him on a small boat: If she recognizes him and knows that he partakes of terumah, his clothes are pure. If not, he should ask her concerning her state.
יב
מי שדרסה אישה על בגדיו, או שישבה עימו בספינה--אם מכירתו שהוא אוכל בתרומה, כליו טהורין; ואם לאו, ישאלנה
13
When a person slept in the public domain and arose, his garments are pure.
יג
מי שישן ברשות הרבים, ועמד--כליו טהורים
14
When a person touched another person in the public domain at night and did not know if he was alive or dead, but when he arose in the morning, he found him dead, he is impure, for the status of all questions of ritual impurity depends on the situation at the time the matter is discovered. If he saw him alive in the evening and, in the morning, discovered that he died, this is considered to be a doubt in the public domain, and he is pure.
יד
נגע ברשות הרבים באחד בלילה, ואין ידוע אם חי אם מת, ובשחר עמד, ומצאו מת--הרי זה טמא: שכל הטומאות, כשעת מציאתן. ואם ראהו חי בערב, ובשחר מצאו מת--הרי זה ספק ברשות הרבים, וטהור
15
The following rules apply when a person in a private domain is dangerously ill, he fainted, and it was not known whether he died or was still living; he was taken to the public domain and then brought back into a private domain. When he is in a private domain, any questionable situations brought about by his condition are considered impure. When he is in a public domain, any questionable situations brought about by his condition are considered pure.
An incident occurred with a person who was sick and was carried from town to town in a bed. The people who carried him took turns. Ultimately, it was discovered that he had died, but the Sages ruled that only the last group of people who carried him was impure.
טו
המסוכן ברשות היחיד, ונתעלף ואין ידוע אם עדיין הוא חי, והוציאוהו לרשות הרבים, וחזרו והכניסוהו לרשות היחיד--כשהוא ברשות היחיד, ספקו טמא; וכשהוא ברשות הרבים, ספקו טהור. מעשה באחד שהיה מסוכן, והוליכוהו מעיר לעיר במיטה, והיו כיתות מתחלפות תחתיו, ובאחרונה נמצא מת; ולא טימאו חכמים אלא כת אחרונה בלבד
16
The following rules apply when an impure person was standing and speaking while at the edge of a cistern, a drop of saliva shot forth from his mouth, and there was a question whether or not it reached the cistern. If the cistern contained oil and was in a private domain, it is impure because of the doubt. If the cistern contained wine, it is pure in all places despite the doubt, because the border of the cistern will prevent it from entering.
טז
טמא שהיה עומד ומדבר על הבור, וניתזה צינורה מפיו, ספק הגיעה לבור, ספק לא הגיעה--אם היה בור של שמן, ספקו טמא ברשות היחיד; ואם היה בור של יין, ספקו טהור בכל מקום--מפני ששפת הבור קולטת
She'ar Avot haTum'ah - Chapter 19
1
The following rules apply when there are two paths, one impure and one pure, and a person walked down one of them, but he did not know which one he walked down. Afterwards, he came in contact with pure foods and they were eaten. He then had the ashes of the red heifer sprinkled upon himself on the third and seventh days, and then, immersed to purify himself. He then walked down the other path and came in contact with pure foods. Those foods are considered as pure.
If the foods he touched first still exist, the status of both is held in abeyance. The rationale is that one of the sets of pure food is definitely impure. If the person did not purify himself in the interim, the status of the first set is held in abeyance, while the second set should be burnt. The rationale is that these foods are certainly impure, since the person is impure because he walked down both paths.
Similar laws apply if there was a carcass of both a creeping animal and a frog in the public domain and their form was no longer recognizable and it was impossible to determine which was the creeping animal. If one touched one of the carcasses and then came in contact with pure foods which were eaten, immersed himself, touched the other one and then came in contact with pure foods, they are pure. If the foods he touched first still exist, the status of both is held in abeyance. If he did not immerse himself, the status of the first set is held in abeyance, while the second set should be burnt.
א
שני שבילין אחד טמא ואחד טהור הלך באחד מהן ואין ידוע באי זה מהן הלך ועשה טהרות ונאכלו והזה שלישי ושביעי וטבל וטהר והלך בשני ועשה טהרות הרי אלו טהורות אם קיימות הראשונות אלו ואלו תלויות שבודאי שאחד מן הטהרות טמא ואם לא טהר בינתיים הראשונות תלויות והשניות ישרפו שהרי הן טמאות בודאי שזה טמא הוא מפני שהלך בשני השבילין וכן השרץ והצפרדע בר"ה ואין צורתן ניכרת ואין ידוע אי זהו השרץ ונגע באחד מהן ועשה טהרות ונאכלו וטבל ונגע בשני ועשה טהרות הרי אלו טהורות ואם קיימות הראשונות אלו ואלו תלויות ואם לא טבל בינתיים הראשונות תלויות והשניות ישרפו:
2
Different rules apply when there are two paths, one impure and one pure, a person walked down one of them and came in contact with pure foods and another person walked down the other and came in contact with pure foods. If they came and inquired about their status one after the other, a ruling is given to each one that he is pure. If they both came together or one came and asked about his status and that of his friend, saying: "We were two people. We walked down the two paths and we both came in contact with pure foods," they are both deemed impure and the pure foods with which they came in contact should be burnt.
Similar principles apply if they contracted impurity from a lesser source. What is implied? There were two loaves of bread, one pure and one impure. A person ate one of them and came in contact with pure foods. Another person came and ate the second and came in contact with pure foods. If they inquired about their status one after the other, they are both pure, because this is a doubt involving a question of Rabbinic Law which is one of the doubtful situations that our Sages ruled were pure, as we explained. If they both asked together or one asked about his status and that of his friend, they are both considered impure because of the doubt and the pure foods should be burnt, for certainly, one of them is impure. Even if there is one impure loaf mixed with 100 pure loaves, they are all impure and must be burnt.
ב
שני שבילין אחד טמא ואחד טהור הלך באחד מהן ועשה טהרות ובא חבירו והלך בשני ועשה טהרות אם באו ונשאלו זה אחר זה מורין לכל אחד מהן בפני עצמו שהוא טהור באו שניהן כאחד או שבא האחד ושאל עליו ועל חבירו ואמר שנים היינו ובשני השבילים הלכנו ושתי טהרות עשינו הרי שניהם טמאין וטהרות שעשו נשרפות וכן אם נטמאו בטומאה קלה כיצד שני ככרים אחד טמא ואחד טהור אכל את אחד מהם ועשה טהרות ובא חבירו ואכל את השני ועשה טהרות אם נשאלו זה אחר זה שניהן טהורין מפני שהן ספק דברי סופרים שהוא מכלל הספיקות שטהרו חכמים כמו שביארנו נשאלו שניהן כאחת או שנשאל עליו ועל חבירו שניהן טמאין מספק וטהרותם נשרפות שהרי ודאי אחת מהן טמאה ואפילו ככר אחד טמא שנתערב במאה ככרות טהורין כולן טמאין וישרפו:
3
When an impure loaf of bread became mixed with nine pure loaves and five people came and ate five loaves and five others came and ate the five remaining, the ones who came first are deemed impure, because they have no one else to hold accountable. The five last men are pure, because they can hold the first five accountable.
ג
ככר טמא שנתערב בתשעה ככרות טהורין ובאו חמשה בני אדם ואכלו חמשה ככרות מהן ובאו חמשה בני אדם אחרים ואכלו החמשה הנשארים הראשונים טמאים מפני שאין להן אנשים אחרים שיתלו בהן והחמשה האנשים האחרונים טהורין מפני שהן תולין בראשונים:
4
When there are two paths, one impure and one pure, and each of two people, one pure and one impure - or even one whose status was being held in abeyance - walked down one of these paths, the one who is pure can place the onus on the one who is impure or whose status is held in abeyance. We say: The person who was pure walked down the pure path and his status is still considered as pure and the one whose status was held in abeyance walked down the impure path. This applies even if they inquired about their status at the same time.
ד
שני שבילין אחד טמא ואחד טהור והלכו בהן שני אנשים איש אחד טהור ואיש אחד טמא אפילו היה האחד תלוי ה"ז הטהור תולה בתלוי ואומרין זה הטהור הלך בשביל הטהור והרי הוא בטהרתו וזה התלוי הלך בשביל הטמא ואף על פי שנשאלו שניהן כאחד:
She'ar Avot haTum'ah - Chapter 20
1
Any place designated as a public domain with regard to the Sabbath is also considered as a public domain with regard to the laws of impurity.
א
כל מקום שהוא רשות הרבים לענין שבת כך הוא רשות הרבים לענין טומאה:
2
The four cubits that are adjacent to the public domain are considered as a public domain with regard to the laws of impurity. Similarly, a karmelit, e.g., the sea or a covered walkway, is considered as a public domain with regard to the laws of impurity.
ב
ארבע אמות הסמוכות לר"ה הרי הן כר"ה לטומאה וכן הכרמלית כגון הים והאצטוונית הרי הן כר"ה לטומאה:
3
There are places which, though they are considered as private domains with regard to the Sabbath, are considered as public domains with regard to the laws of impurity. They are the paths leading to storage caverns, cisterns, and wine presses, an enclosed valley in the summer, a basilica of kings, i.e., a building that is very wide with space for the king's carriage drivers to stay; it has many openings to the public domain, and a poren, i.e., a large building with two openings, one opposite the other, and a courtyard to which many people would enter through one opening and depart through the other. Also, the lanes leading to a sea or a river, although they are fenced in from either side, are considered as a public domain with regard to the laws of impurity if people can climb over the fences. Pillars and bathhouses are also placed in this category. Similarly, the entire Temple Courtyard is considered as a public domain with regard to the laws of impurity.
ג
יש שם מקומות שאף ע"פ שהן רשות היחיד לשבת הרי הן כרשות הרבים לענין טומאה ואלו הן: השבילין המפולשין לשיחין ולבורות ולגתות והבקעה המוקפת גדר בימות החמה ובסילקי מלכים שהוא בניין רחב הרבה לעמוד בו אנשי המרכבה ויש לו פתחים הרבה פתוחים לר"ה והפורן והוא הבניין הגדול שיש לו שני פתחים זה כנגד זה וחצר שהרבים נכנסין בפתח זה ויוצאין בפתח אחר וכן מבואות היורדים לים או לנהר אע"פ שהן גדורין מכאן ומכאן ורבים מטפסין ועולין בהן והבימוסות והמרחצאות הרי הן כר"ה לטומאה וכן כל העזרה כר"ה לטומאה:
4
Roofs in a city over which the thoroughfare of a city pass are considered as a public domain with regard to the concept of impurity.
ד
גנות העיר שדרך העיר עוברת עליהן ר"ה לטומאה:
5
When a garden is guarded, it is a private domain. When it is not protected, it is a public domain with regard to impurity. Similarly, a large basilica, when its gates are opened, is a public domain with regard to impurity. When it is closed, it is a private domain in all aspects.
ה
הגינה בזמן שהיא משתמרת רה"י ובזמן שאינה משתמרת רשות הרבים לטומאה וכן בסילקי גדולה בזמן שפותחין אותה ר"ה לטומאה ובזמן שנועלין אותה רשות היחיד לכל:
6
When a valley is enclosed with a fence, in the winter, it is a private domain with regard to the Sabbath and ritual impurity. If it was not enclosed, it is a private domain with regard to impurity alone. When, however, the winter passed after a valley was fenced in, it is considered as a private domain with regard to impurity even in the summer.
This is what is meant by "the summer": When the grain is harvested from the valley. This is what is meant by "the winter": When the second rain begins. The area between the round barrel of grapes and the pile of grape pomace is considered a public domain with regard to impurity.
ו
הבקעה המוקפת גדר בימות הגשמים רה"י לשבת ולטומאה ואם לא היתה מוקפת הרי היא רה"י לטומאה בלבד ובקעה שעברו עליה בימות הגשמים הרי היא רה"י לטומאה אפילו בימות החמה ואלו הן ימות החמה משתעקר התבואה מתוכה ואלו הן ימות הגשמים משתרד רביעה שניה בין העיגולים של ענבים לזוגין ר"ה לטומאה:
7
With regard to ritual impurity, a vineyard in front of the harvesters is considered as a private domain; the portion behind the harvesters, as a public domain. When does the above apply? When many people enter from one direction and leave from the opposite direction. The law pertaining to other places aside from those which we mentioned is: Just as they are a private domain with regard to the laws of the Sabbath, so too, they are a private domain with regard to the laws of impurity.
ז
כרם שלפני הבוצרים רה"י ולאחר הבוצרים ר"ה לטומאה אימתי בזמן שהרבים נכנסים ברוח זו ויוצאים ברוח שכנגדה שאר כל המקומות חוץ מאלו שביארנו דינם כשם שהן רה"י לשבת כך הם רה"י לטומאה:
8
There are places that are not considered as a private domain with regard to the Sabbath laws, but are, nevertheless, considered as a private domain with regard to the laws of impurity, because the people do not use them. They are: trees and holes in the walls of the public domain even if they are not four handbreadths by four handbreadths. What is implied? There was a tree standing in the public domain with impurity in it. One climbed to the top of the tree and he is in doubt whether or not he touched the impurity, he is impure because of the doubt. One inserted his hand into a hole in which impurity is situated and he is in doubt whether or not he touched it, he is impure because of the doubt.
ח
ויש מקומות שאינן רה"י לשבת ואף על פי כן הן רה"י לטומאה מפני שאין העם משתמשין בהן ואלו הן:האילנות וחורי ר"ה אע"פ שאין בהן ארבעה על ארבעה כיצד אילן שהוא עומד בר"ה וטומאה בתוכו עלה לראשו ספק נגע ספק לא נגע ספיקו טמא הכניס ידו לחור שיש בו טומאה ספק נגע ספק לא נגע ספיקו טמא:
9
When there is a store that is impure which is open to the public domain, and a person is in doubt whether or not he entered, he is pure despite the doubt. For the entire store is considered as the carcass of a creeping animal lying in the public domain in which instance, if a question arose whether one touched it, he is pure. If there are two stores, one pure and one impure, in the public domain, and a person entered one, but he is in doubt whether or not he entered the impure store or the pure store, he is impure because of the doubt. This is considered as a doubt that arose in a private domain, because a store is considered as a private domain. Similarly, if, in the winter, there is a valley that contains many fields, with at least one field known to be impure and one, pure, and a person said: "I entered this valley and I do not know if I entered that field or not," he is impure because of the doubt. The rationale is that when a doubt arises in a private domain - even a doubt whether one entered - the person is impure.
ט
חנות שהיא טמאה ופתוחה לר"ה ספק נכנס ספק לא נכנס ספיקו טהור שכל החנות כמו שרץ המונח בר"ה שספק מגעו טהור היו שתי חנויות אחת טהורה ואחת טמאה ונכנס לאחת מהן ספק לטמא נכנס ספק לטהור ספיקו טמא שזה ספק רה"י שהחנות רה"י וכן בקעה בימות הגשמים שיש בה שדות הרבה ובה שדה אחת טמאה ואחת טהורה ואמר נכנסתי לבקעה זו ואיני יודע אם נכנסתי לאותה שדה או לא נכנסתי ספיקו טמא שספק טומאה ברה"י אפילו ספק ביאה טמא:
10
When a place was considered a private domain, it then became a public domain, and then it became a private domain, the ruling depends on its immediate status. While it is a private domain, when there is a doubt, the person is impure. While it is a public domain, when there is a doubt, the person is pure.
י
מקום שהיה רה"י ונעשה ר"ה וחזר ונעשה רה"י כשהוא רה"י ספיקו טמא וכשהוא ר"ה ספיקו טהור:
11
Entities that are situated in the public domain are considered as the public domain. What is implied? There was a container ten handbreadths high in the public domain in which was situated a source of impurity. If one is in doubt whether he touched the container, he is pure despite the doubt. If he inserted his hand into the container, but he was in doubt whether he touched the impurity, he is impure because of the doubt. If there was a stone container resting on his shoulder and a loaf of bread that was terumah wrapped in tree bast or paper contained within it and there was a doubt whether or not another person touched it, it is impure because of the doubt.
יא
דברים שהן בר"ה הרי הן כר"ה כיצד קופה בר"ה גבוה עשרה טפחים והטומאה בתוכה ספק נגע ספק לא נגע ספיקו טהור הכניס ידו לתוכה ספק נגע ספק לא נגע ספיקו טמא היתה כפישה נתונה על כתפו וככר תרומה כרוך בסיב או בנייר ונתון לתוכה ספק נגע בה אחר ספק לא נגע ספיקו טמא:
12
When there is a donkey in the public domain that was ten handbreadths high, impurity was placed on it and a doubt arose whether a person touched the donkey's back, he is pure despite the doubt. If he extended his hand above the donkey and he was in doubt whether or not he touched the impurity, he is impure because of the doubt. Similarly, if there was a rock that was ten handbreadths high placed in the public domain and impurity was placed on it, if there was a doubt whether or not one touched the top of the rock, he is pure despite the doubt. If he climbed on top of the rock, but he was in doubt whether or not he touched the impurity, he is impure because of the doubt.
יב
חמור בר"ה גבוה עשרה טפחים וטומאה נתונה עליו ספק נגע ספק לא נגע ספיקו טהור פשט ידו על גביו ספק נגע ספק לא נגע ספיקו טמא וכן סלע המונח בר"ה גבוה עשרה טפחים וטומאה נתונה עליו ספק נגע ספק לא נגע ספיקו טהור עלה בראש הסלע ספק נגע ספק לא נגע ספיקו טמא:
13
In all off the following situations: a) a zav was riding on his donkey; another person was riding on another donkey and they were riding on the way and the person was in doubt whether or not he touched the zav; b) an impure child was being carried on his father's shoulder and a pure child was being carried on his father's shoulder, the fathers were walking next to each other and a doubt arose whether one child touched the other; c) a person was carrying a package on his shoulder; there was unidentified saliva stuck to the wall and a doubt arose whether or not it touched it; d) utensils were spread out on a surface more than ten handbreadths high in the public domain; an impure person passed by and a doubt arose whether he moved them or not. In all these instances, the person or the article is pure.
יג
היה זב רוכב על חמורו וזה רוכב על חמורו ומהלכין בדרך ספק נגע בזב ספק לא נגע תינוק טמא מורכב על כתפו של אביו ותינוק טהור מורכב על כתפו של אביו והלכו זה בצד זה ספק נגע ספק לא נגע חבילה על כתפו והרוק מודבק בכותל ספק נגע ספק לא נגע כלים שטוחין בר"ה למעלה מעשרה והטמא עובר ספק הסיט ספק לא הסיט הכל טהור:
Friday Sivan 22 5703
Torah lessons: Chumash: Sh'lach, Shishi with Rashi.
Tehillim: 106-107.
Tanya: Now, although He (p. 309)...the lower (worlds). (p. 311).
In Ahavat olam (p. 44-5), at the words vehavi'einu leshalom, bring together the two front tzitzit. Then join to them the tzitzit of the left back corner, then the tzitzit of the right back corner, holding them together between the little finger and ring finger of the left hand.
Kiss the tzitzit six times, at the words tzitzit, tzitzit, l'tzitzit, emet, kayemet and la'ad.
• Daily Thought:
Wise Contraptions
When the telephone was first introduced, a wise man was asked, “What can we learn from this contraption?”
He answered, “That which is spoken here is heard there.”
So they asked, “And from the telegraph?”
He replied, “Every word costs.”
“And from the locomotive?”
“Hesitate for a moment and you could lose the whole journey.”
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