Today in Jewish History:
Hebron Massacre (1929)
67 Jewish men, women and children were slaughtered, and scores wounded, raped and maimed, by their Arab neighbors in the city of Hebron, who rioted for three days amid cries of "Slaughter the Jews." The survivors fled to Jerusalem, and the ancient Jewish community of Hebron, which had lived in relative peace in the city for hundreds of years, was not revived until after Israel's capture of Hebron in the 1967 Six Day war.
Link: The Hebron Massacre
Daily Quote:
The daily prayers were instituted in place of the daily sacrifices in the Holy Temple[Talmud, Berachot 26b]Daily Study:
Chitas and Rambam for today:
Chumash: Parshat Eikev, 1st Portion (Deuteronomy 7:12-8:10) with Rashi
• Deuteronomy Chapter 7
12And it will be, because you will heed these ordinances and keep them and perform, that the Lord, your God, will keep for you the covenant and the kindness that He swore to your forefathers. יבוְהָיָ֣ה | עֵ֣קֶב תִּשְׁמְע֗וּן אֵ֤ת הַמִּשְׁפָּטִים֙ הָאֵ֔לֶּה וּשְׁמַרְתֶּ֥ם וַֽעֲשִׂיתֶ֖ם אֹתָ֑ם וְשָׁמַר֩ יְהֹוָ֨ה אֱלֹהֶ֜יךָ לְךָ֗ אֶת־הַבְּרִית֙ וְאֶת־הַחֶ֔סֶד אֲשֶׁ֥ר נִשְׁבַּ֖ע לַֽאֲבֹתֶֽיךָ:
And it will be, because you will heed: Heb. עֵקֶב, lit. heel. If you will heed the minor commandments which one [usually] tramples with his heels [i.e., which a person treats as being of minor importance]. והיה עקב תשמעון: אם המצות הקלות שאדם דש בעקביו תשמעון (תנחומא א(:
That the Lord, your God, will keep: He will keep His promise to you. ושמר ה' אלוהיך לך את הברית וגו': ישמור לך הבטחתו:
13And He will love you and bless you and multiply you; He will bless the fruit of your womb and the fruit of your soil, your grain, your wine, and your oil, the offspring of your cattle and the choice of your flocks, in the land which He swore to your forefathers to give you. יגוַֽאֲהֵ֣בְךָ֔ וּבֵֽרַכְךָ֖ וְהִרְבֶּ֑ךָ וּבֵרַ֣ךְ פְּרִי־בִטְנְךָ֣ וּפְרִֽי־אַדְמָתֶ֠ךָ דְּגָ֨נְךָ֜ וְתִירשְׁךָ֣ וְיִצְהָרֶ֗ךָ שְׁגַר־אֲלָפֶ֨יךָ֙ וְעַשְׁתְּרֹ֣ת צֹאנֶ֔ךָ עַ֚ל הָֽאֲדָמָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־נִשְׁבַּ֥ע לַֽאֲבֹתֶ֖יךָ לָ֥תֶת לָֽךְ:
The offspring of your cattle: Heb. שְׁגַר אִלָפֶיךָ, [meaning] the offspring born of your herd, which the female casts out מְשַׁגֶּרֶת from her womb. שגר אלפיך: ולדי בקרך, שהנקבה משגרת ממעיה:
and the choice of your flocks: Heb. וְעַשְׁתְּרוֹת צֹאנֶךָ. Menachem [ben Saruk] explains this expression as: אַבִּירֵי בָּשָׁן, “the strong rams of Bashan” (Ps. 22:13), [meaning] the choicest of the flock, similar to “Ashteroth-Karnaim” (Gen. 14:5), [עַשְׁתְּרֹת being] an expression for “strength.” Onkelos translates it:“and the flocks of your sheep.” Our Rabbis said: Why are they עַשְׁתְּרֹת? Because they enrich (מַעֲשִׁירוֹת) their owners (Chul. 84b). ועשתרות צאנך: מנחם פירש אבירי בשן (תהלים כב, יג), מבחר הצאן. כמו עשתרות קרנים (בראשית יד, ה), לשון חוזק. ואונקלוס תרגם ועדרי ענך. ורבותינו אמרו למה נקרא שמם עשתרות שמעשרות את בעליהן (חולין פד):
14You shall be blessed above all peoples: There will be no sterile male or barren female among you or among your livestock. ידבָּר֥וּךְ תִּֽהְיֶ֖ה מִכָּל־הָֽעַמִּ֑ים לֹא־יִֽהְיֶ֥ה בְךָ֛ עָקָ֥ר וַֽעֲקָרָ֖ה וּבִבְהֶמְתֶּֽךָ:
sterile male: Heb. עָקָר, [meaning] that does not beget children. עקר: שאינו מוליד:
15And the Lord will remove from you all illness, and all of the evil diseases of Egypt which you knew, He will not set upon you, but He will lay them upon all your enemies. טווְהֵסִ֧יר יְהֹוָ֛ה מִמְּךָ֖ כָּל־חֹ֑לִי וְכָל־מַדְוֵי֩ מִצְרַ֨יִם הָֽרָעִ֜ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר יָדַ֗עְתָּ לֹ֤א יְשִׂימָם֙ בָּ֔ךְ וּנְתָנָ֖ם בְּכָל־שֽׂנְאֶֽיךָ:
16And you shall consume all the peoples which the Lord your God gives you; you shall not spare them, nor shall you worship their gods, for that will be a snare for you. טזוְאָֽכַלְתָּ֣ אֶת־כָּל־הָֽעַמִּ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֨ר יְהֹוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֶ֨יךָ֙ נֹתֵ֣ן לָ֔ךְ לֹֽא־תָח֥וֹס עֵֽינְךָ֖ עֲלֵיהֶ֑ם וְלֹ֤א תַֽעֲבֹד֙ אֶת־אֱלֹ֣הֵיהֶ֔ם כִּֽי־מוֹקֵ֥שׁ ה֖וּא לָֽךְ:
17Will you say to yourself, "These nations are more numerous than I; how will I be able to drive them out"? יזכִּ֤י תֹאמַר֙ בִּלְבָ֣בְךָ֔ רַבִּ֛ים הַגּוֹיִ֥ם הָאֵ֖לֶּה מִמֶּ֑נִּי אֵיכָ֥ה אוּכַ֖ל לְהֽוֹרִישָֽׁם:
Will you say to yourself: Heb. כִּי תֹאמַר בִּלְבָבְךָ. [The word כִּי here] must mean “perhaps.” [I.e.,] will you perhaps say to yourself,“Because they are many, I will be unable to drive them out”? Do not say this [but rather,] do not fear them. It is, however, impossible to explain this with one of the other [three] meanings of כִּי so that the statement “You shall not fear them” (verse 18) will appropriately follow it. [See Rashi on Gen. 18:15.] כי תאמר בלבבך: על כרחך לשון דלמא הוא, שמא תאמר בלבבך מפני שהם רבים לא אוכל להורישם, אל תאמר כן, לא תירא מהם. ולא יתכן לפרשו באחת משאר לשונות של כי (גיטין ל) שיפול עליו שוב לא תירא מהם:
18You shall not fear them. You shall surely remember what the Lord, your God, did to Pharaoh and to all of Egypt: יחלֹ֥א תִירָ֖א מֵהֶ֑ם זָכֹ֣ר תִּזְכֹּ֗ר אֵ֤ת אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂה֙ יְהֹוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ לְפַרְעֹ֖ה וּלְכָל־מִצְרָֽיִם:
19The great trials that your eyes saw, the signs, the wonders, the mighty hand, and the outstretched arm with which the Lord, your God, brought you out. So will the Lord, Your God, do to all the peoples you fear. יטהַמַּסֹּ֨ת הַגְּדֹלֹ֜ת אֲשֶׁר־רָא֣וּ עֵינֶ֗יךָ וְהָֽאֹתֹ֤ת וְהַמֹּֽפְתִים֙ וְהַיָּ֤ד הַֽחֲזָקָה֙ וְהַזְּרֹ֣עַ הַנְּטוּיָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר הוֹצִֽאֲךָ֖ יְהֹוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֑יךָ כֵּֽן־יַֽעֲשֶׂ֞ה יְהֹוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֶ֨יךָ֙ לְכָל־הָ֣עַמִּ֔ים אֲשֶׁר־אַתָּ֥ה יָרֵ֖א מִפְּנֵיהֶֽם:
the trials: הַמַּסֹּת, [meaning] the trials. המסות: נסיונות:
the signs: For example, “and it became a serpent” (Exod. 4:3), [and]“will become blood on the dry land” (Exod. 4:9). והאותות: כגון ויהי לנחש (שמות ד:ג), והיו לדם ביבשת (שמות ד:ט) :
the wonders: The wondrous plagues. והמופתים: המכות המופלאות:
the mighty hand: This is the pestilence. והיד החזקה: זה הדבר:
and the outstretched arm: This refers to the sword in the plague of the firstborn. והזרוע הנטויה: זה החרב של מכת בכורות:
20And also the tzir'ah, the Lord, your God, will incite against them, until the survivors and those who hide from you perish. כוְגַם֙ אֶת־הַצִּרְעָ֔ה יְשַׁלַּ֛ח יְהֹוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ בָּ֑ם עַד־אֲבֹ֗ד הַנִּשְׁאָרִ֛ים וְהַנִּסְתָּרִ֖ים מִפָּנֶֽיךָ:
The tzir’ah: Heb. הַצִּרְעָה, a species of flying insect which injected poison into them [the Canaanites], making them impotent and blinding their eyes wherever they hid. — [Sotah 36a] הצרעה: מין שרץ העוף, שהיתה זורקת בהם מרה ומסרסתן ומסמאה את עיניהם בכל מקום שהיו נסתרים שם:
21You shall not be terrified of them, for the Lord, your God, Who is in your midst, is a great and awesome God. כאלֹ֥א תַֽעֲרֹ֖ץ מִפְּנֵיהֶ֑ם כִּֽי־יְהֹוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֶ֨יךָ֙ בְּקִרְבֶּ֔ךָ אֵ֥ל גָּד֖וֹל וְנוֹרָֽא:
22And the Lord, your God, will drive out those nations from before you, little by little. You will not be able to destroy them quickly, lest the beasts of the field outnumber you. כבוְנָשַׁל֩ יְהֹוָ֨ה אֱלֹהֶ֜יךָ אֶת־הַגּוֹיִ֥ם הָאֵ֛ל מִפָּנֶ֖יךָ מְעַ֣ט מְעָ֑ט לֹ֤א תוּכַל֙ כַּלֹּתָ֣ם מַהֵ֔ר פֶּן־תִּרְבֶּ֥ה עָלֶ֖יךָ חַיַּ֥ת הַשָּׂדֶֽה:
lest the beasts of the field outnumber you: But is it not so that if [the Israelites] obey the will of the Omnipresent, they need not fear the beasts? As it is said, “And the beasts of the field made peace with you” (Job 5:23). It was, however, revealed before him [Moses] that they would sin in the future. פן תרבה עליך חית השדה: והלא אם עושין רצונו של מקום אין מתיראין מן החיה, שנאמר (איוב ה, כג) וחית השדה השלמה לך, אלא גלוי היה לפניו שעתידין לחטוא:
23But the Lord, your God, will deliver them to you, and He will confound them with great confusion, until they are destroyed. כגוּנְתָנָ֛ם יְהֹוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ לְפָנֶ֑יךָ וְהָמָם֙ מְהוּמָ֣ה גְדֹלָ֔ה עַ֖ד הִשָּֽׁמְדָֽם:
And He will confound them: All of this [word] is vocalized with a “kamatz” because the last“mem” is not part of the root, [but it is a suffix,] and it is equivalent to וְהָם אוֹתָם, “And He will confound them.” But in“and the wheel of his wagon shall break וְהָמַם ” (Isa. 28:28), the [word] is all root [letters], therefore, half of it [one syllable] has a “kamatz” and half of it has a“pattach,” just like any other verb of three letters. והמם: נקוד קמ"ץ כולו, לפי שאין מ"ם אחרונה מן היסוד, והרי הוא כמו והם אותם. אבל (ישעי' כח, כח) והמם גלגל עגלתו, כולו יסוד. לפיכך חציו קמ"ץ וחציו פת"ח, כשאר פעל של שלש אותיות:
24And He will deliver their kings into your hand, and you will destroy their name from beneath the heavens; no man will be able to stand up before you, until you have destroyed them. כדוְנָתַ֤ן מַלְכֵיהֶם֙ בְּיָדֶ֔ךָ וְהַֽאֲבַדְתָּ֣ אֶת־שְׁמָ֔ם מִתַּ֖חַת הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם לֹֽא־יִתְיַצֵּ֥ב אִישׁ֙ בְּפָנֶ֔יךָ עַ֥ד הִשְׁמִֽדְךָ֖ אֹתָֽם:
25The graven images of their gods you will burn with fire; you shall not covet the silver or gold that is upon them and take it for yourself, lest you be ensnared by it, for it is an abomination to the Lord, your God. כהפְּסִילֵ֥י אֱלֹֽהֵיהֶ֖ם תִּשְׂרְפ֣וּן בָּאֵ֑שׁ לֹֽא־תַחְמֹד֩ כֶּ֨סֶף וְזָהָ֤ב עֲלֵיהֶם֙ וְלָֽקַחְתָּ֣ לָ֔ךְ פֶּ֚ן תִּוָּקֵ֣שׁ בּ֔וֹ כִּ֧י תֽוֹעֲבַ֛ת יְהֹוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ הֽוּא:
26Nor should you bring an abomination into your house, lest you are to be destroyed like it, but you shall utterly detest it, and you shall utterly abhor it; for it is to be destroyed. כווְלֹֽא־תָבִ֤יא תֽוֹעֵבָה֙ אֶל־בֵּיתֶ֔ךָ וְהָיִ֥יתָ חֵ֖רֶם כָּמֹ֑הוּ שַׁקֵּ֧ץ | תְּשַׁקְּצֶ֛נּוּ וְתַעֵ֥ב | תְּתַֽעֲבֶ֖נּוּ כִּי־חֵ֥רֶם הֽוּא:
Deuteronomy Chapter 8
1Every commandment that I command you this day you shall keep to do, that you may live and multiply, and come and possess the land that the Lord swore to your forefathers. אכָּל־הַמִּצְוָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר אָֽנֹכִ֧י מְצַוְּךָ֛ הַיּ֖וֹם תִּשְׁמְר֣וּן לַֽעֲשׂ֑וֹת לְמַ֨עַן תִּֽחְי֜וּן וּרְבִיתֶ֗ם וּבָאתֶם֙ וִֽירִשְׁתֶּ֣ם אֶת־הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־נִשְׁבַּ֥ע יְהֹוָ֖ה לַֽאֲבֹֽתֵיכֶֽם:
Every commandment: [This is to be understood] according to its simple meaning. A midrashic explanation is [“the whole of the commandment… you shall keep”]: If you have started a mitzvah, finish it, because it is attributed only to the one who completes it, as it is said, “And the bones of Joseph, which the children of Israel had brought up from Egypt, they buried in Shechem” (Josh. 24:32). But did not Moses alone occupy himself with them to bring them up? [See Exod. 13:19.] However, since he did not complete the mitzvah [of burying the bones], and [the children of] Israel did, [this mitzvah] is accredited to their name. — [Tanchuma 6] כל המצוה: כפשוטו. ומדרש אגדה אם התחלת במצוה גמור אותה, שאינה נקראת המצוה אלא על שם הגומרה, שנאמר (יהושע כד, לב) ואת עצמות יוסף אשר העלו בני ישראל ממצרים קברו בשכם, והלא משה לבדו נתעסק בהם להעלותם, אלא לפי שלא הספיק לגומרה וגמרוה ישראל, נקראת על שמם:
2And you shall remember the entire way on which the Lord, your God, led you these forty years in the desert, in order to afflict you to test you, to know what is in your heart, whether you would keep His commandments or not. בוְזָֽכַרְתָּ֣ אֶת־כָּל־הַדֶּ֗רֶךְ אֲשֶׁ֨ר הוֹלִֽיכְךָ֜ יְהֹוָ֧ה אֱלֹהֶ֛יךָ זֶ֛ה אַרְבָּעִ֥ים שָׁנָ֖ה בַּמִּדְבָּ֑ר לְמַ֨עַן עַנֹּֽתְךָ֜ לְנַסֹּֽתְךָ֗ לָדַ֜עַת אֶת־אֲשֶׁ֧ר בִּלְבָֽבְךָ֛ הֲתִשְׁמֹ֥ר מִצְוֹתָ֖יו (כתיב מצותו)אִם־לֹֽא:
whether you would keep His commandments: that you would not test Him or suspect Him [i.e., doubt His ways]. התשמור מצותיו: שלא תנסהו ולא תהרהר אחריו:
3And He afflicted you and let you go hungry, and then fed you with manna, which you did not know, nor did your forefathers know, so that He would make you know that man does not live by bread alone, but rather by, whatever comes forth from the mouth of the Lord does man live. גוַיְעַנְּךָ֘ וַיַּרְעִבֶ֒ךָ֒ וַיַּֽאֲכִֽלְךָ֤ אֶת־הַמָּן֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹֽא־יָדַ֔עְתָּ וְלֹ֥א יָֽדְע֖וּן אֲבֹתֶ֑יךָ לְמַ֣עַן הוֹדִֽיעֲךָ֗ כִּ֠י לֹ֣א עַל־הַלֶּ֤חֶם לְבַדּוֹ֙ יִֽחְיֶ֣ה הָֽאָדָ֔ם כִּ֛י עַל־כָּל־מוֹצָ֥א פִֽי־יְהֹוָ֖ה יִֽחְיֶ֥ה הָֽאָדָֽם:
4Your clothing did not wear out upon you, nor did your foot swell these forty years. דשִׂמְלָ֨תְךָ֜ לֹ֤א בָֽלְתָה֙ מֵֽעָלֶ֔יךָ וְרַגְלְךָ֖ לֹ֣א בָצֵ֑קָה זֶ֖ה אַרְבָּעִ֥ים שָׁנָֽה:
Your clothing did not wear out: The clouds of glory would rub their [the Israelites’] clothes and clean them so that they looked like freshly laundered clothes. And also their children, as they grew, their clothes grew along with them, like a snail’s shell, which grows along with it- [Pesikta d’Rav Kahana p. 92a] שמלתך לא בלתה: ענני כבוד היו שפין בכסותם ומגהצים אותם כמין כלים מגוהצים, ואף קטניהם כמו שהיו גדלים היה גדל לבושן עמהם, כלבוש הזה של חומט שגדל עמו:
nor did [your foot] swell: Heb. לֹא בָצֵקָה [This means:] Neither [did your foot] swell like dough בָּצֵק, as [usually happens] with those who walk barefoot, that their feet swell. לא בצקה: לא נפחה כבצק, כדרך הולכי יחף שרגליהם נפוחות:
5You shall know in your heart, that just as a man chastises his son, so does the Lord, your God, chastise you. הוְיָֽדַעְתָּ֖ עִם־לְבָבֶ֑ךָ כִּ֗י כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֨ר יְיַסֵּ֥ר אִישׁ֙ אֶת־בְּנ֔וֹ יְהֹוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ מְיַסְּרֶֽךָּ:
6And you shall keep the commandments of the Lord your God, to go in His ways, and to fear Him. ווְשָׁ֣מַרְתָּ֔ אֶת־מִצְוֹ֖ת יְהֹוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֑יךָ לָלֶ֥כֶת בִּדְרָכָ֖יו וּלְיִרְאָ֥ה אֹתֽוֹ:
7For the Lord your God is bringing you to a good land, a land with brooks of water, fountains and depths, that emerge in valleys and mountains, זכִּ֚י יְהֹוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ מְבִֽיאֲךָ֖ אֶל־אֶ֣רֶץ טוֹבָ֑ה אֶ֚רֶץ נַ֣חֲלֵי מָ֔יִם עֲיָנֹת֙ וּתְהֹמֹ֔ת יֹֽצְאִ֥ים בַּבִּקְעָ֖ה וּבָהָֽר:
8a land of wheat and barley, vines and figs and pomegranates, a land of oil producing olives and honey, חאֶ֤רֶץ חִטָּה֙ וּשְׂעֹרָ֔ה וְגֶ֥פֶן וּתְאֵנָ֖ה וְרִמּ֑וֹן אֶֽרֶץ־זֵ֥ית שֶׁ֖מֶן וּדְבָֽשׁ:
oil-producing olives: Heb. זֵית שֶׁמֶן, lit. olives of oil, [i.e.] olives that produce oil. זית שמן: זיתים העושים שמן:
9a land in which you will eat bread without scarcity, you will lack nothing in it, a land whose stones are iron, and out of whose mountains you will hew copper. טאֶ֗רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֨ר לֹ֤א בְמִסְכֵּנֻת֙ תֹּֽאכַל־בָּ֣הּ לֶ֔חֶם לֹֽא־תֶחְסַ֥ר כֹּ֖ל בָּ֑הּ אֶ֚רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲבָנֶ֣יהָ בַרְזֶ֔ל וּמֵֽהֲרָרֶ֖יהָ תַּחְצֹ֥ב נְחֽשֶׁת:
10And you will eat and be sated, and you shall bless the Lord, your God, for the good land He has given you. יוְאָֽכַלְתָּ֖ וְשָׂבָ֑עְתָּ וּבֵֽרַכְתָּ֙ אֶת־יְהֹוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ עַל־הָאָ֥רֶץ הַטֹּבָ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר נָֽתַן־לָֽךְ:
Daily Tehillim: Psalms Chapters 83-87
• Chapter 83
A prayer regarding the wars against Israel in the days of Jehoshaphat, when the nations plotted against Israel.
1. A song, a psalm by Asaph.
2. O God, do not be silent; do not be quiet and do not be still, O God.
3. For behold, Your enemies are in uproar, and those who hate You have raised their head.
4. They plot deviously against Your nation, and conspire against those sheltered by You.
5. They say, "Come, let us sever them from nationhood, and the name of Israel will be remembered no more.”
6. For they conspire with a unanimous heart, they made a covenant against You-
7. the tents of Edom and the Ishmaelites, Moab and the Hagrites,
8. Geval and Ammon, and Amalek; Philistia with the inhabitants of Tyre.
9. Assyria, too, joined with them, and became the strength of the sons of Lot, Selah.
10. Do to them as to Midian; as to Sisera and Yavin at the brook of Kishon,
11. who were destroyed at Ein Dor, and were as dung for the earth.
12. Make their nobles like Orev and Ze'ev, all their princes like Zevach and Tzalmuna,1
13. who said, "Let us inherit the dwellings of God for ourselves.”
14. My God, make them like whirling chaff, like straw before the wind.
15. As a fire consumes the forest, and a flame sets the mountains ablaze,
16. so pursue them with Your tempest and terrify them with Your storm.
17. Fill their faces with shame, and they will seek Your Name, O Lord.
18. Let them be shamed and terrified forever; let them be disgraced and perish.
19. And they will know that You, Whose Name is the Lord, are alone, Most High over all the earth.
FOOTNOTES
1.These were the Midianite leaders who were captured (see Judges 7:25)
Chapter 84
In this psalm of prayers and entreaties, the psalmist mourns bitterly over the destruction of Temple from the depths of his heart, and speaks of the many blessings that will be realized upon its restoration. Fortunate is the one who trusts it will be rebuilt, and does not despair in the face of this long exile.
1. For the Conductor, on the gittit,1 a psalm by the sons of Korach.
2. How beloved are Your dwellings, O Lord of Hosts!
3. My soul yearns, indeed it pines, for the courtyards of the Lord; my heart and my flesh [long to] sing to the living God.
4. Even the bird has found a home, and the swallow a nest for herself, where she lays her young on the [ruins of] Your altars, O Lord of Hosts, my King and my God.
5. Fortunate are those who dwell in Your House; they will yet praise You forever.
6. Fortunate is the man whose strength is in You; the paths [to the Temple] are in his heart.
7. For those who pass through the Valley of Thorns, He places wellsprings; their guide will be cloaked in blessings.2
8. They go from strength to strength; they will appear before God in Zion.
9. O Lord, God of Hosts, hear my prayer; listen, O God of Jacob, forever.
10. See our shield,3 O God, and look upon the face of Your anointed one.
11. For better one day in Your courtyards than a thousand [elsewhere]. I would rather stand at the threshold of the house of my God, than dwell [in comfort] in the tents of wickedness.
12. For the Lord, God, is a sun and a shield; the Lord bestows favor and glory; He does not withhold goodness from those who walk in innocence.
13. O Lord of Hosts! Fortunate is the man who trusts in You.
FOOTNOTES
1.A musical instrument crafted in Gath (Metzudot).
2.God provides water for the pilgrims to Jerusalem, leading them to bless their guides for choosing a water-laden route (Metzudot)
3.Remember the Temple [and rebuild it](Metzudot).
Chapter 85
In this prayer, lamenting the long and bitter exile, the psalmist asks why this exile is longer than the previous ones, and implores God to quickly fulfill His promise to redeem us. Every individual should offer this psalm when in distress.
1. For the Conductor, a psalm by the sons of Korach.
2. O Lord, You favored Your land; You returned the captives of Jacob.
3. You forgave the iniquity of Your people, and covered all their sin forever.
4. You withdrew all Your fury, and retreated from Your fierce anger.
5. Return us, O God of our salvation, and annul Your anger toward us.
6. Will You forever be angry with us? Will You draw out Your anger over all generations?
7. Is it not true that You will revive us again, and Your people will rejoice in You?
8. Show us Your kindness, O Lord, and grant us Your deliverance.
9. I hear what the Almighty Lord will say; for He speaks peace to His nation and to His pious ones, and they will not return to folly.
10. Indeed, His deliverance is near those who fear Him, that [His] glory may dwell in the land.
11. Kindness and truth have met; righteousness and peace have kissed.
12. Truth will sprout from the earth, and righteousness will peer from heaven.
13. The Lord, too, will bestow goodness, and our land will yield its produce.
14. Righteousness shall walk before him, and he shall set his footsteps in [its] path.
Chapter 86
This psalm contains many prayers regarding David's troubles, and his enemies Doeg and Achitophel. It also includes many descriptions of God's praise. Every individual can offer this psalm when in distress.
1. A prayer by David. Lord, turn Your ear, answer me, for I am poor and needy.
2. Guard my soul, for I am pious; You, my God, deliver Your servant who trusts in You.
3. Be gracious to me, my Lord, for to You I call all day.
4. Bring joy to the soul of Your servant, for to You, my Lord, I lift my soul.
5. For You, my Lord, are good and forgiving, and exceedingly kind to all who call upon You.
6. Lord, hear my prayer and listen to the voice of my supplications.
7. On the day of my distress I call upon You, for You will answer me.
8. There is none like You among the supernal beings, my Lord, and there are no deeds like Yours.
9. All the nations that You have made will come and bow down before You, my Lord, and give honor to Your Name,
10. for You are great and perform wonders, You alone, O God.
11. Lord, teach me Your way that I may walk in Your truth; unify my heart to fear Your Name.
12. I will praise You, my Lord, my God, with all my heart, and give honor to Your Name forever.
13. For Your kindness to me has been great; You have saved my soul from the depth of the grave.
14. O God, malicious men have risen against me; a band of ruthless men has sought my soul; they are not mindful of You.
15. But You, my Lord, are a compassionate and gracious God, slow to anger and abounding in kindness and truth.
16. Turn to me and be gracious to me; grant Your strength to Your servant, and deliver the son of Your maidservant.
17. Show me a sign of favor, that my foes may see and be shamed, because You, Lord, have given me aid and consoled me.
Chapter 87
Composed to be sung in the Holy Temple, this psalm praises the glory of Jerusalem, a city that produces many great scholars, eminent personalities, and persons of good deeds. It also speaks of the good that will occur in the Messianic era.
1. By the sons of Korach, a psalm, a song devoted to the holy mountains [of Zion and Jerusalem].
2. The Lord loves the gates of Zion more than all the dwelling places of Jacob.
3. Glorious things are spoken of you, eternal city of God.
4. I will remind Rahav Egypt and Babylon concerning My beloved; Philistia and Tyre as well as Ethiopia, "This one was born there.”
5. And to Zion will be said, "This person and that was born there"; and He, the Most High, will establish it.
6. The Lord will count in the register of people, "This one was born there," Selah.
7. Singers as well as dancers [will sing your praise and say], "All my inner thoughts are of you."
Tanya: Iggeret HaKodesh, middle of Epistle 5
• Lessons in Tanya
• Today's Tanya Lesson
• Sunday, 17 AV , 5776 · 21 August 2016
• Iggeret HaKodesh, middle of Epistle 5
• אך ביאור הענין למה אמרו רז״ל שעולם הזה דוקא נברא בה׳
Hebron Massacre (1929)
67 Jewish men, women and children were slaughtered, and scores wounded, raped and maimed, by their Arab neighbors in the city of Hebron, who rioted for three days amid cries of "Slaughter the Jews." The survivors fled to Jerusalem, and the ancient Jewish community of Hebron, which had lived in relative peace in the city for hundreds of years, was not revived until after Israel's capture of Hebron in the 1967 Six Day war.
Link: The Hebron Massacre
Daily Quote:
The daily prayers were instituted in place of the daily sacrifices in the Holy Temple[Talmud, Berachot 26b]Daily Study:
Chitas and Rambam for today:
Chumash: Parshat Eikev, 1st Portion (Deuteronomy 7:12-8:10) with Rashi
• Deuteronomy Chapter 7
12And it will be, because you will heed these ordinances and keep them and perform, that the Lord, your God, will keep for you the covenant and the kindness that He swore to your forefathers. יבוְהָיָ֣ה | עֵ֣קֶב תִּשְׁמְע֗וּן אֵ֤ת הַמִּשְׁפָּטִים֙ הָאֵ֔לֶּה וּשְׁמַרְתֶּ֥ם וַֽעֲשִׂיתֶ֖ם אֹתָ֑ם וְשָׁמַר֩ יְהֹוָ֨ה אֱלֹהֶ֜יךָ לְךָ֗ אֶת־הַבְּרִית֙ וְאֶת־הַחֶ֔סֶד אֲשֶׁ֥ר נִשְׁבַּ֖ע לַֽאֲבֹתֶֽיךָ:
And it will be, because you will heed: Heb. עֵקֶב, lit. heel. If you will heed the minor commandments which one [usually] tramples with his heels [i.e., which a person treats as being of minor importance]. והיה עקב תשמעון: אם המצות הקלות שאדם דש בעקביו תשמעון (תנחומא א(:
That the Lord, your God, will keep: He will keep His promise to you. ושמר ה' אלוהיך לך את הברית וגו': ישמור לך הבטחתו:
13And He will love you and bless you and multiply you; He will bless the fruit of your womb and the fruit of your soil, your grain, your wine, and your oil, the offspring of your cattle and the choice of your flocks, in the land which He swore to your forefathers to give you. יגוַֽאֲהֵ֣בְךָ֔ וּבֵֽרַכְךָ֖ וְהִרְבֶּ֑ךָ וּבֵרַ֣ךְ פְּרִי־בִטְנְךָ֣ וּפְרִֽי־אַדְמָתֶ֠ךָ דְּגָ֨נְךָ֜ וְתִירשְׁךָ֣ וְיִצְהָרֶ֗ךָ שְׁגַר־אֲלָפֶ֨יךָ֙ וְעַשְׁתְּרֹ֣ת צֹאנֶ֔ךָ עַ֚ל הָֽאֲדָמָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־נִשְׁבַּ֥ע לַֽאֲבֹתֶ֖יךָ לָ֥תֶת לָֽךְ:
The offspring of your cattle: Heb. שְׁגַר אִלָפֶיךָ, [meaning] the offspring born of your herd, which the female casts out מְשַׁגֶּרֶת from her womb. שגר אלפיך: ולדי בקרך, שהנקבה משגרת ממעיה:
and the choice of your flocks: Heb. וְעַשְׁתְּרוֹת צֹאנֶךָ. Menachem [ben Saruk] explains this expression as: אַבִּירֵי בָּשָׁן, “the strong rams of Bashan” (Ps. 22:13), [meaning] the choicest of the flock, similar to “Ashteroth-Karnaim” (Gen. 14:5), [עַשְׁתְּרֹת being] an expression for “strength.” Onkelos translates it:“and the flocks of your sheep.” Our Rabbis said: Why are they עַשְׁתְּרֹת? Because they enrich (מַעֲשִׁירוֹת) their owners (Chul. 84b). ועשתרות צאנך: מנחם פירש אבירי בשן (תהלים כב, יג), מבחר הצאן. כמו עשתרות קרנים (בראשית יד, ה), לשון חוזק. ואונקלוס תרגם ועדרי ענך. ורבותינו אמרו למה נקרא שמם עשתרות שמעשרות את בעליהן (חולין פד):
14You shall be blessed above all peoples: There will be no sterile male or barren female among you or among your livestock. ידבָּר֥וּךְ תִּֽהְיֶ֖ה מִכָּל־הָֽעַמִּ֑ים לֹא־יִֽהְיֶ֥ה בְךָ֛ עָקָ֥ר וַֽעֲקָרָ֖ה וּבִבְהֶמְתֶּֽךָ:
sterile male: Heb. עָקָר, [meaning] that does not beget children. עקר: שאינו מוליד:
15And the Lord will remove from you all illness, and all of the evil diseases of Egypt which you knew, He will not set upon you, but He will lay them upon all your enemies. טווְהֵסִ֧יר יְהֹוָ֛ה מִמְּךָ֖ כָּל־חֹ֑לִי וְכָל־מַדְוֵי֩ מִצְרַ֨יִם הָֽרָעִ֜ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר יָדַ֗עְתָּ לֹ֤א יְשִׂימָם֙ בָּ֔ךְ וּנְתָנָ֖ם בְּכָל־שֽׂנְאֶֽיךָ:
16And you shall consume all the peoples which the Lord your God gives you; you shall not spare them, nor shall you worship their gods, for that will be a snare for you. טזוְאָֽכַלְתָּ֣ אֶת־כָּל־הָֽעַמִּ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֨ר יְהֹוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֶ֨יךָ֙ נֹתֵ֣ן לָ֔ךְ לֹֽא־תָח֥וֹס עֵֽינְךָ֖ עֲלֵיהֶ֑ם וְלֹ֤א תַֽעֲבֹד֙ אֶת־אֱלֹ֣הֵיהֶ֔ם כִּֽי־מוֹקֵ֥שׁ ה֖וּא לָֽךְ:
17Will you say to yourself, "These nations are more numerous than I; how will I be able to drive them out"? יזכִּ֤י תֹאמַר֙ בִּלְבָ֣בְךָ֔ רַבִּ֛ים הַגּוֹיִ֥ם הָאֵ֖לֶּה מִמֶּ֑נִּי אֵיכָ֥ה אוּכַ֖ל לְהֽוֹרִישָֽׁם:
Will you say to yourself: Heb. כִּי תֹאמַר בִּלְבָבְךָ. [The word כִּי here] must mean “perhaps.” [I.e.,] will you perhaps say to yourself,“Because they are many, I will be unable to drive them out”? Do not say this [but rather,] do not fear them. It is, however, impossible to explain this with one of the other [three] meanings of כִּי so that the statement “You shall not fear them” (verse 18) will appropriately follow it. [See Rashi on Gen. 18:15.] כי תאמר בלבבך: על כרחך לשון דלמא הוא, שמא תאמר בלבבך מפני שהם רבים לא אוכל להורישם, אל תאמר כן, לא תירא מהם. ולא יתכן לפרשו באחת משאר לשונות של כי (גיטין ל) שיפול עליו שוב לא תירא מהם:
18You shall not fear them. You shall surely remember what the Lord, your God, did to Pharaoh and to all of Egypt: יחלֹ֥א תִירָ֖א מֵהֶ֑ם זָכֹ֣ר תִּזְכֹּ֗ר אֵ֤ת אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂה֙ יְהֹוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ לְפַרְעֹ֖ה וּלְכָל־מִצְרָֽיִם:
19The great trials that your eyes saw, the signs, the wonders, the mighty hand, and the outstretched arm with which the Lord, your God, brought you out. So will the Lord, Your God, do to all the peoples you fear. יטהַמַּסֹּ֨ת הַגְּדֹלֹ֜ת אֲשֶׁר־רָא֣וּ עֵינֶ֗יךָ וְהָֽאֹתֹ֤ת וְהַמֹּֽפְתִים֙ וְהַיָּ֤ד הַֽחֲזָקָה֙ וְהַזְּרֹ֣עַ הַנְּטוּיָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר הוֹצִֽאֲךָ֖ יְהֹוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֑יךָ כֵּֽן־יַֽעֲשֶׂ֞ה יְהֹוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֶ֨יךָ֙ לְכָל־הָ֣עַמִּ֔ים אֲשֶׁר־אַתָּ֥ה יָרֵ֖א מִפְּנֵיהֶֽם:
the trials: הַמַּסֹּת, [meaning] the trials. המסות: נסיונות:
the signs: For example, “and it became a serpent” (Exod. 4:3), [and]“will become blood on the dry land” (Exod. 4:9). והאותות: כגון ויהי לנחש (שמות ד:ג), והיו לדם ביבשת (שמות ד:ט) :
the wonders: The wondrous plagues. והמופתים: המכות המופלאות:
the mighty hand: This is the pestilence. והיד החזקה: זה הדבר:
and the outstretched arm: This refers to the sword in the plague of the firstborn. והזרוע הנטויה: זה החרב של מכת בכורות:
20And also the tzir'ah, the Lord, your God, will incite against them, until the survivors and those who hide from you perish. כוְגַם֙ אֶת־הַצִּרְעָ֔ה יְשַׁלַּ֛ח יְהֹוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ בָּ֑ם עַד־אֲבֹ֗ד הַנִּשְׁאָרִ֛ים וְהַנִּסְתָּרִ֖ים מִפָּנֶֽיךָ:
The tzir’ah: Heb. הַצִּרְעָה, a species of flying insect which injected poison into them [the Canaanites], making them impotent and blinding their eyes wherever they hid. — [Sotah 36a] הצרעה: מין שרץ העוף, שהיתה זורקת בהם מרה ומסרסתן ומסמאה את עיניהם בכל מקום שהיו נסתרים שם:
21You shall not be terrified of them, for the Lord, your God, Who is in your midst, is a great and awesome God. כאלֹ֥א תַֽעֲרֹ֖ץ מִפְּנֵיהֶ֑ם כִּֽי־יְהֹוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֶ֨יךָ֙ בְּקִרְבֶּ֔ךָ אֵ֥ל גָּד֖וֹל וְנוֹרָֽא:
22And the Lord, your God, will drive out those nations from before you, little by little. You will not be able to destroy them quickly, lest the beasts of the field outnumber you. כבוְנָשַׁל֩ יְהֹוָ֨ה אֱלֹהֶ֜יךָ אֶת־הַגּוֹיִ֥ם הָאֵ֛ל מִפָּנֶ֖יךָ מְעַ֣ט מְעָ֑ט לֹ֤א תוּכַל֙ כַּלֹּתָ֣ם מַהֵ֔ר פֶּן־תִּרְבֶּ֥ה עָלֶ֖יךָ חַיַּ֥ת הַשָּׂדֶֽה:
lest the beasts of the field outnumber you: But is it not so that if [the Israelites] obey the will of the Omnipresent, they need not fear the beasts? As it is said, “And the beasts of the field made peace with you” (Job 5:23). It was, however, revealed before him [Moses] that they would sin in the future. פן תרבה עליך חית השדה: והלא אם עושין רצונו של מקום אין מתיראין מן החיה, שנאמר (איוב ה, כג) וחית השדה השלמה לך, אלא גלוי היה לפניו שעתידין לחטוא:
23But the Lord, your God, will deliver them to you, and He will confound them with great confusion, until they are destroyed. כגוּנְתָנָ֛ם יְהֹוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ לְפָנֶ֑יךָ וְהָמָם֙ מְהוּמָ֣ה גְדֹלָ֔ה עַ֖ד הִשָּֽׁמְדָֽם:
And He will confound them: All of this [word] is vocalized with a “kamatz” because the last“mem” is not part of the root, [but it is a suffix,] and it is equivalent to וְהָם אוֹתָם, “And He will confound them.” But in“and the wheel of his wagon shall break וְהָמַם ” (Isa. 28:28), the [word] is all root [letters], therefore, half of it [one syllable] has a “kamatz” and half of it has a“pattach,” just like any other verb of three letters. והמם: נקוד קמ"ץ כולו, לפי שאין מ"ם אחרונה מן היסוד, והרי הוא כמו והם אותם. אבל (ישעי' כח, כח) והמם גלגל עגלתו, כולו יסוד. לפיכך חציו קמ"ץ וחציו פת"ח, כשאר פעל של שלש אותיות:
24And He will deliver their kings into your hand, and you will destroy their name from beneath the heavens; no man will be able to stand up before you, until you have destroyed them. כדוְנָתַ֤ן מַלְכֵיהֶם֙ בְּיָדֶ֔ךָ וְהַֽאֲבַדְתָּ֣ אֶת־שְׁמָ֔ם מִתַּ֖חַת הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם לֹֽא־יִתְיַצֵּ֥ב אִישׁ֙ בְּפָנֶ֔יךָ עַ֥ד הִשְׁמִֽדְךָ֖ אֹתָֽם:
25The graven images of their gods you will burn with fire; you shall not covet the silver or gold that is upon them and take it for yourself, lest you be ensnared by it, for it is an abomination to the Lord, your God. כהפְּסִילֵ֥י אֱלֹֽהֵיהֶ֖ם תִּשְׂרְפ֣וּן בָּאֵ֑שׁ לֹֽא־תַחְמֹד֩ כֶּ֨סֶף וְזָהָ֤ב עֲלֵיהֶם֙ וְלָֽקַחְתָּ֣ לָ֔ךְ פֶּ֚ן תִּוָּקֵ֣שׁ בּ֔וֹ כִּ֧י תֽוֹעֲבַ֛ת יְהֹוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ הֽוּא:
26Nor should you bring an abomination into your house, lest you are to be destroyed like it, but you shall utterly detest it, and you shall utterly abhor it; for it is to be destroyed. כווְלֹֽא־תָבִ֤יא תֽוֹעֵבָה֙ אֶל־בֵּיתֶ֔ךָ וְהָיִ֥יתָ חֵ֖רֶם כָּמֹ֑הוּ שַׁקֵּ֧ץ | תְּשַׁקְּצֶ֛נּוּ וְתַעֵ֥ב | תְּתַֽעֲבֶ֖נּוּ כִּי־חֵ֥רֶם הֽוּא:
Deuteronomy Chapter 8
1Every commandment that I command you this day you shall keep to do, that you may live and multiply, and come and possess the land that the Lord swore to your forefathers. אכָּל־הַמִּצְוָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר אָֽנֹכִ֧י מְצַוְּךָ֛ הַיּ֖וֹם תִּשְׁמְר֣וּן לַֽעֲשׂ֑וֹת לְמַ֨עַן תִּֽחְי֜וּן וּרְבִיתֶ֗ם וּבָאתֶם֙ וִֽירִשְׁתֶּ֣ם אֶת־הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־נִשְׁבַּ֥ע יְהֹוָ֖ה לַֽאֲבֹֽתֵיכֶֽם:
Every commandment: [This is to be understood] according to its simple meaning. A midrashic explanation is [“the whole of the commandment… you shall keep”]: If you have started a mitzvah, finish it, because it is attributed only to the one who completes it, as it is said, “And the bones of Joseph, which the children of Israel had brought up from Egypt, they buried in Shechem” (Josh. 24:32). But did not Moses alone occupy himself with them to bring them up? [See Exod. 13:19.] However, since he did not complete the mitzvah [of burying the bones], and [the children of] Israel did, [this mitzvah] is accredited to their name. — [Tanchuma 6] כל המצוה: כפשוטו. ומדרש אגדה אם התחלת במצוה גמור אותה, שאינה נקראת המצוה אלא על שם הגומרה, שנאמר (יהושע כד, לב) ואת עצמות יוסף אשר העלו בני ישראל ממצרים קברו בשכם, והלא משה לבדו נתעסק בהם להעלותם, אלא לפי שלא הספיק לגומרה וגמרוה ישראל, נקראת על שמם:
2And you shall remember the entire way on which the Lord, your God, led you these forty years in the desert, in order to afflict you to test you, to know what is in your heart, whether you would keep His commandments or not. בוְזָֽכַרְתָּ֣ אֶת־כָּל־הַדֶּ֗רֶךְ אֲשֶׁ֨ר הוֹלִֽיכְךָ֜ יְהֹוָ֧ה אֱלֹהֶ֛יךָ זֶ֛ה אַרְבָּעִ֥ים שָׁנָ֖ה בַּמִּדְבָּ֑ר לְמַ֨עַן עַנֹּֽתְךָ֜ לְנַסֹּֽתְךָ֗ לָדַ֜עַת אֶת־אֲשֶׁ֧ר בִּלְבָֽבְךָ֛ הֲתִשְׁמֹ֥ר מִצְוֹתָ֖יו (כתיב מצותו)אִם־לֹֽא:
whether you would keep His commandments: that you would not test Him or suspect Him [i.e., doubt His ways]. התשמור מצותיו: שלא תנסהו ולא תהרהר אחריו:
3And He afflicted you and let you go hungry, and then fed you with manna, which you did not know, nor did your forefathers know, so that He would make you know that man does not live by bread alone, but rather by, whatever comes forth from the mouth of the Lord does man live. גוַיְעַנְּךָ֘ וַיַּרְעִבֶ֒ךָ֒ וַיַּֽאֲכִֽלְךָ֤ אֶת־הַמָּן֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹֽא־יָדַ֔עְתָּ וְלֹ֥א יָֽדְע֖וּן אֲבֹתֶ֑יךָ לְמַ֣עַן הוֹדִֽיעֲךָ֗ כִּ֠י לֹ֣א עַל־הַלֶּ֤חֶם לְבַדּוֹ֙ יִֽחְיֶ֣ה הָֽאָדָ֔ם כִּ֛י עַל־כָּל־מוֹצָ֥א פִֽי־יְהֹוָ֖ה יִֽחְיֶ֥ה הָֽאָדָֽם:
4Your clothing did not wear out upon you, nor did your foot swell these forty years. דשִׂמְלָ֨תְךָ֜ לֹ֤א בָֽלְתָה֙ מֵֽעָלֶ֔יךָ וְרַגְלְךָ֖ לֹ֣א בָצֵ֑קָה זֶ֖ה אַרְבָּעִ֥ים שָׁנָֽה:
Your clothing did not wear out: The clouds of glory would rub their [the Israelites’] clothes and clean them so that they looked like freshly laundered clothes. And also their children, as they grew, their clothes grew along with them, like a snail’s shell, which grows along with it- [Pesikta d’Rav Kahana p. 92a] שמלתך לא בלתה: ענני כבוד היו שפין בכסותם ומגהצים אותם כמין כלים מגוהצים, ואף קטניהם כמו שהיו גדלים היה גדל לבושן עמהם, כלבוש הזה של חומט שגדל עמו:
nor did [your foot] swell: Heb. לֹא בָצֵקָה [This means:] Neither [did your foot] swell like dough בָּצֵק, as [usually happens] with those who walk barefoot, that their feet swell. לא בצקה: לא נפחה כבצק, כדרך הולכי יחף שרגליהם נפוחות:
5You shall know in your heart, that just as a man chastises his son, so does the Lord, your God, chastise you. הוְיָֽדַעְתָּ֖ עִם־לְבָבֶ֑ךָ כִּ֗י כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֨ר יְיַסֵּ֥ר אִישׁ֙ אֶת־בְּנ֔וֹ יְהֹוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ מְיַסְּרֶֽךָּ:
6And you shall keep the commandments of the Lord your God, to go in His ways, and to fear Him. ווְשָׁ֣מַרְתָּ֔ אֶת־מִצְוֹ֖ת יְהֹוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֑יךָ לָלֶ֥כֶת בִּדְרָכָ֖יו וּלְיִרְאָ֥ה אֹתֽוֹ:
7For the Lord your God is bringing you to a good land, a land with brooks of water, fountains and depths, that emerge in valleys and mountains, זכִּ֚י יְהֹוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ מְבִֽיאֲךָ֖ אֶל־אֶ֣רֶץ טוֹבָ֑ה אֶ֚רֶץ נַ֣חֲלֵי מָ֔יִם עֲיָנֹת֙ וּתְהֹמֹ֔ת יֹֽצְאִ֥ים בַּבִּקְעָ֖ה וּבָהָֽר:
8a land of wheat and barley, vines and figs and pomegranates, a land of oil producing olives and honey, חאֶ֤רֶץ חִטָּה֙ וּשְׂעֹרָ֔ה וְגֶ֥פֶן וּתְאֵנָ֖ה וְרִמּ֑וֹן אֶֽרֶץ־זֵ֥ית שֶׁ֖מֶן וּדְבָֽשׁ:
oil-producing olives: Heb. זֵית שֶׁמֶן, lit. olives of oil, [i.e.] olives that produce oil. זית שמן: זיתים העושים שמן:
9a land in which you will eat bread without scarcity, you will lack nothing in it, a land whose stones are iron, and out of whose mountains you will hew copper. טאֶ֗רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֨ר לֹ֤א בְמִסְכֵּנֻת֙ תֹּֽאכַל־בָּ֣הּ לֶ֔חֶם לֹֽא־תֶחְסַ֥ר כֹּ֖ל בָּ֑הּ אֶ֚רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲבָנֶ֣יהָ בַרְזֶ֔ל וּמֵֽהֲרָרֶ֖יהָ תַּחְצֹ֥ב נְחֽשֶׁת:
10And you will eat and be sated, and you shall bless the Lord, your God, for the good land He has given you. יוְאָֽכַלְתָּ֖ וְשָׂבָ֑עְתָּ וּבֵֽרַכְתָּ֙ אֶת־יְהֹוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ עַל־הָאָ֥רֶץ הַטֹּבָ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר נָֽתַן־לָֽךְ:
Daily Tehillim: Psalms Chapters 83-87
• Chapter 83
A prayer regarding the wars against Israel in the days of Jehoshaphat, when the nations plotted against Israel.
1. A song, a psalm by Asaph.
2. O God, do not be silent; do not be quiet and do not be still, O God.
3. For behold, Your enemies are in uproar, and those who hate You have raised their head.
4. They plot deviously against Your nation, and conspire against those sheltered by You.
5. They say, "Come, let us sever them from nationhood, and the name of Israel will be remembered no more.”
6. For they conspire with a unanimous heart, they made a covenant against You-
7. the tents of Edom and the Ishmaelites, Moab and the Hagrites,
8. Geval and Ammon, and Amalek; Philistia with the inhabitants of Tyre.
9. Assyria, too, joined with them, and became the strength of the sons of Lot, Selah.
10. Do to them as to Midian; as to Sisera and Yavin at the brook of Kishon,
11. who were destroyed at Ein Dor, and were as dung for the earth.
12. Make their nobles like Orev and Ze'ev, all their princes like Zevach and Tzalmuna,1
13. who said, "Let us inherit the dwellings of God for ourselves.”
14. My God, make them like whirling chaff, like straw before the wind.
15. As a fire consumes the forest, and a flame sets the mountains ablaze,
16. so pursue them with Your tempest and terrify them with Your storm.
17. Fill their faces with shame, and they will seek Your Name, O Lord.
18. Let them be shamed and terrified forever; let them be disgraced and perish.
19. And they will know that You, Whose Name is the Lord, are alone, Most High over all the earth.
FOOTNOTES
1.These were the Midianite leaders who were captured (see Judges 7:25)
Chapter 84
In this psalm of prayers and entreaties, the psalmist mourns bitterly over the destruction of Temple from the depths of his heart, and speaks of the many blessings that will be realized upon its restoration. Fortunate is the one who trusts it will be rebuilt, and does not despair in the face of this long exile.
1. For the Conductor, on the gittit,1 a psalm by the sons of Korach.
2. How beloved are Your dwellings, O Lord of Hosts!
3. My soul yearns, indeed it pines, for the courtyards of the Lord; my heart and my flesh [long to] sing to the living God.
4. Even the bird has found a home, and the swallow a nest for herself, where she lays her young on the [ruins of] Your altars, O Lord of Hosts, my King and my God.
5. Fortunate are those who dwell in Your House; they will yet praise You forever.
6. Fortunate is the man whose strength is in You; the paths [to the Temple] are in his heart.
7. For those who pass through the Valley of Thorns, He places wellsprings; their guide will be cloaked in blessings.2
8. They go from strength to strength; they will appear before God in Zion.
9. O Lord, God of Hosts, hear my prayer; listen, O God of Jacob, forever.
10. See our shield,3 O God, and look upon the face of Your anointed one.
11. For better one day in Your courtyards than a thousand [elsewhere]. I would rather stand at the threshold of the house of my God, than dwell [in comfort] in the tents of wickedness.
12. For the Lord, God, is a sun and a shield; the Lord bestows favor and glory; He does not withhold goodness from those who walk in innocence.
13. O Lord of Hosts! Fortunate is the man who trusts in You.
FOOTNOTES
1.A musical instrument crafted in Gath (Metzudot).
2.God provides water for the pilgrims to Jerusalem, leading them to bless their guides for choosing a water-laden route (Metzudot)
3.Remember the Temple [and rebuild it](Metzudot).
Chapter 85
In this prayer, lamenting the long and bitter exile, the psalmist asks why this exile is longer than the previous ones, and implores God to quickly fulfill His promise to redeem us. Every individual should offer this psalm when in distress.
1. For the Conductor, a psalm by the sons of Korach.
2. O Lord, You favored Your land; You returned the captives of Jacob.
3. You forgave the iniquity of Your people, and covered all their sin forever.
4. You withdrew all Your fury, and retreated from Your fierce anger.
5. Return us, O God of our salvation, and annul Your anger toward us.
6. Will You forever be angry with us? Will You draw out Your anger over all generations?
7. Is it not true that You will revive us again, and Your people will rejoice in You?
8. Show us Your kindness, O Lord, and grant us Your deliverance.
9. I hear what the Almighty Lord will say; for He speaks peace to His nation and to His pious ones, and they will not return to folly.
10. Indeed, His deliverance is near those who fear Him, that [His] glory may dwell in the land.
11. Kindness and truth have met; righteousness and peace have kissed.
12. Truth will sprout from the earth, and righteousness will peer from heaven.
13. The Lord, too, will bestow goodness, and our land will yield its produce.
14. Righteousness shall walk before him, and he shall set his footsteps in [its] path.
Chapter 86
This psalm contains many prayers regarding David's troubles, and his enemies Doeg and Achitophel. It also includes many descriptions of God's praise. Every individual can offer this psalm when in distress.
1. A prayer by David. Lord, turn Your ear, answer me, for I am poor and needy.
2. Guard my soul, for I am pious; You, my God, deliver Your servant who trusts in You.
3. Be gracious to me, my Lord, for to You I call all day.
4. Bring joy to the soul of Your servant, for to You, my Lord, I lift my soul.
5. For You, my Lord, are good and forgiving, and exceedingly kind to all who call upon You.
6. Lord, hear my prayer and listen to the voice of my supplications.
7. On the day of my distress I call upon You, for You will answer me.
8. There is none like You among the supernal beings, my Lord, and there are no deeds like Yours.
9. All the nations that You have made will come and bow down before You, my Lord, and give honor to Your Name,
10. for You are great and perform wonders, You alone, O God.
11. Lord, teach me Your way that I may walk in Your truth; unify my heart to fear Your Name.
12. I will praise You, my Lord, my God, with all my heart, and give honor to Your Name forever.
13. For Your kindness to me has been great; You have saved my soul from the depth of the grave.
14. O God, malicious men have risen against me; a band of ruthless men has sought my soul; they are not mindful of You.
15. But You, my Lord, are a compassionate and gracious God, slow to anger and abounding in kindness and truth.
16. Turn to me and be gracious to me; grant Your strength to Your servant, and deliver the son of Your maidservant.
17. Show me a sign of favor, that my foes may see and be shamed, because You, Lord, have given me aid and consoled me.
Chapter 87
Composed to be sung in the Holy Temple, this psalm praises the glory of Jerusalem, a city that produces many great scholars, eminent personalities, and persons of good deeds. It also speaks of the good that will occur in the Messianic era.
1. By the sons of Korach, a psalm, a song devoted to the holy mountains [of Zion and Jerusalem].
2. The Lord loves the gates of Zion more than all the dwelling places of Jacob.
3. Glorious things are spoken of you, eternal city of God.
4. I will remind Rahav Egypt and Babylon concerning My beloved; Philistia and Tyre as well as Ethiopia, "This one was born there.”
5. And to Zion will be said, "This person and that was born there"; and He, the Most High, will establish it.
6. The Lord will count in the register of people, "This one was born there," Selah.
7. Singers as well as dancers [will sing your praise and say], "All my inner thoughts are of you."
Tanya: Iggeret HaKodesh, middle of Epistle 5
• Lessons in Tanya
• Today's Tanya Lesson
• Sunday, 17 AV , 5776 · 21 August 2016
• Iggeret HaKodesh, middle of Epistle 5
• אך ביאור הענין למה אמרו רז״ל שעולם הזה דוקא נברא בה׳
We now come to an exposition of why our Sages, of blessed memory, said that specifically this world was created by the hei.
According to the explanation provided above, not only this physical world, but all of creation resulted from the letter hei,i.e., from the Sefirah of Malchut as expressed in Divine speech.
The Alter Rebbe resolves this apparent anomaly by explaining that it is indeed true that all creation derives from the infinite variety of permutations and combinations of the letters which constitute Divine speech. Nevertheless, the loftier and more spiritual created beings derive from the internal aspect of Divine speech, which stems from Chochmah, and they therefore have an intellectual perception of G‑dliness. Physical creation, by contrast, is of too lowly a level to be able to receive its life-giving Divine light and energy from the “soul” (i.e., the internal aspect) of the letters of G‑d’s creative speech; it merely receives this from the “body” (i.e., from the external aspect) of these letters.
The creation of physicality thus resembles the breath emanating from the heart, that forms the physical voice. Above, in like manner, the physical world is formed from Supernal breath, the “body” of the letters.
Hence our Sages teach that this world was created by the letter hei — for this letter denotes the Divine breath, as explained above.
It is this that the Alter Rebbe now goes on to say:
הנה ידוע לכל חכמי לב
This is known to all the wise of heart1
כי ריבוי העולמות וההיכלות אשר אין להם מספר
concerning the multitude of worlds and heichalot, palaces or chambers, which are innumerable,
כמו שכתוב: היש מספר לגדודיו
as it is written, with reference to these countless worlds and heichalot,2 “Do His regiments have a number?”
ובכל היכל וגדוד, אלף אלפין ורבוא רבבן מלאכים
Each heichal and regiment comprises [a finite but prodigious number of] angels, [as it is written],]3 “A thousand thousands [serve Him] and myriads of myriads [stand before Him].”4
וכן נרנח״י, מדרגות לאין קץ
Likewise, incalculable like the above heichalot and regiments, are the levels of [souls, belonging to the five general categories of] nefesh, ruach, neshamah, chayah and yechidah, in rungs to no end, for each of these five categories branches out into levels of inexhaustible number.
ובכל עולם והיכלות מריבוי היכלות שבאצילות, בריאה, יצירה
And so too [there are numberless levels] in all the worlds and heichalot, from among the multitudes ofheichalot that exist in the Worlds of Atzilut, Beriah and Yetzirah.
The three above-mentioned worlds are “higher” than the World of Asiyah (“the World of Action”), which includes both the spiritual and physical worlds of Asiyah.
הנה כל ריבויים אלו, ריבוי אחר ריבוי עד אין קץ
All these hosts [of created beings], then, one multitude beyond another ad infinitum,
הכל נמשך ונשפע מריבוי צירופי כ״ב אותיות דבר ה׳
all issue and flow from the multitudinous combinations of the twenty-two letters of the “word of G‑d,”
המתחלקות גם כן לצירופים רבים עד אין קץ ותכלית ממש
which, in turn, divide into a further profusion of combinations, truly ad infinitum.
כמו שכתוב בספר יצירה: שבע אבנים בונות חמשת אלפים וארבעים בתים
As stated in Sefer Yetzirah,5 “Seven ‘stones’ (i.e., letters) build five thousand and forty ‘houses’ (i.e., words);
מכאן ואילך, צא וחשוב מה שאין הפה יכול לדבר כו׳
from here onwards — i.e., from the sum of the factorial of eight and onwards — go ahead and calculate that which the mouth is unable to express.”
In this way the letters of Divine speech may be multiplied infinitely by various permutations and combinations, thus giving rise to a correspondingly infinite range of created beings.
But if the distinctions between all these beings lie merely in the ways in which their respective letters are combined, why are there also many and varying qualitative levels, “one surpassing the other”? This is the question that the Alter Rebbe now proceeds to address.
והגם שיש במעלות ומדריגות המלאכים ונשמות כמה וכמה מיני מעלות ומדריגות חלוקות לאין קץ
Though among the rungs and levels of the angels and souls there are so many distinct kinds of qualitative as well as quantitative levels and rungs ad infinitum,
גבוה על גבוה
one surpassing the other,
הנה הכל נמשך לפי חילופי הצירופים והתמורות בא״ת ב״ש כו׳
[these variations of level exist because] they all come into being according to permutations in the various letter-combinations and letter-substitutions of alef-tav, beit-shin, and so on,6 (of the twenty-two letters whichthemselves come into being according to permutations in the various letter-combinations and letter-substitutions of alef-tav, beit-shin [and so on]),7
(וכמו שכתוב בפרק י״ב)
Now, although there exists such a teeming superabundance of distinct and varying levels of created beings:
אך דרך כלל הנה כולם בעלי חכמה ודעת, ויודעים את בוראם
In a general way they all possess wisdom and knowledge, and they know their Creator,
מפני היות חיותם מפנימיות האותיות, הנמשכות מבחינת חכמה עילאה, וכנ״ל
because their life-force stems from the inwardness of the letters which issue from the Supreme Chochmah,as mentioned above.
We may therefore truly say that the beings encompassed by the general term of [creatures of] the World to Come were all created by the letter yud, for their vitality stems from the inwardness and radiance of the letters of Divine speech that derive from the yud of the Four-Letter Name of G‑d.
* * *
| FOOTNOTES | |
| 1. | “This accords with the explanation in Torah Or (and Or HaTorah) on this phrase [in the context of Shmot 28:2-3].” ( — Note of the Rebbe.) |
| 2. | Iyov 25:3. |
| 3. | Daniel 7:10. |
| 4. | “The Alter Rebbe cites this as well (as he does also in Part I, ch. 46, p. 65b), thus inviting a question as to what is added thereby (see ibid., beginning of ch. 48). It could be argued that he thereby adduces that though these ‘regiments’ derive from letters and are therefore (finite and) countable, they nevertheless comprise as well an aspect of infinity.” ( — Note of the Rebbe.) |
| 5. | 4:12. |
| 6. | According to the rules of substitution, the first letter (א) can be substituted by the last letter (ת); the second letter (ב) can be substituted by the second-last letter (ש), and so on. There are also other schemes of transposition, e.g., of letters of similar sound; of letters articulated by the same organ of speech; and so on. |
| 7. | This parenthetical gloss was added by the Rebbe. |
| 8. | Parentheses appear in original text. |
| 9. | “[The above-described successive stages of letter-permutation cause the light of Divine speech] to descend from the loftiest rung to the lofty rung below it, [creating creatures of lesser standing by a mere] ‘radiation of a radiation’ [as in ch. 12, loc. cit.]. By contrast, mere differences in letter-permutation would not produce [creatures of] lesser standing.” ( — Note of the Rebbe.) |
• Rambam: Sefer Hamitzvos:
• Sunday, 17 AV , 5776 · 21 August 2016
• Today's Mitzvah
A daily digest of Maimonides’ classic work
Positive Commandment 236
Personal Injury
"If men quarrel, and one strikes the other..."—Exodus 21:18.
The courts are commanded to adjudicate cases that involve personal injury cause by one person to another. [Monetary penalties are assessed to compensate for devaluation of the injured individual, pain sustained, medical bills, unemployment due to the injury, and shame incurred.]
Only an ordained court in the Land of Israel can adjudicate such cases [with the exception of medical bills and unemployment, that can be adjudicated by all rabbinical courts no matter the location].
Full text of this Mitzvah »• Personal Injury
Positive Commandment 236
Translated by Berel Bell
The 236th mitzvah is that we are commanded regarding someone who wounds another person.
The source of this commandment is G‑d's statement1 (exalted be He), "[This is the law] when two men fight, and one hits the other..." These laws are called dinei k'nasos ["the laws of fines"].
There is one general verse which includes all these laws, namely G‑d's statement2 (exalted be He), "[If one maims his neighbor,] whatever he did must be done to him in return." The Oral Tradition explains that [it does not mean that he is literally to be harmed in return, but that] he must pay the monetary equivalent of the damage he has caused to the other person. Even if he merely shamed him, he must pay appropriate damages.
You should be aware that all these laws involve damage that one person causes to another. They may be judged and determined only by a High Court which was ordained in Israel. The same applies for cases when an animal damages a person or another animal.
The details of this mitzvah are explained in the 8th chapter of tractate Bava Kama.
FOOTNOTES
1.Ex. 21:18.
2.Lev. 24:19.
• Sunday, 17 AV , 5776 · 21 August 2016
• Today's Mitzvah
A daily digest of Maimonides’ classic work
Positive Commandment 236
Personal Injury
"If men quarrel, and one strikes the other..."—Exodus 21:18.
The courts are commanded to adjudicate cases that involve personal injury cause by one person to another. [Monetary penalties are assessed to compensate for devaluation of the injured individual, pain sustained, medical bills, unemployment due to the injury, and shame incurred.]
Only an ordained court in the Land of Israel can adjudicate such cases [with the exception of medical bills and unemployment, that can be adjudicated by all rabbinical courts no matter the location].
Full text of this Mitzvah »• Personal Injury
Positive Commandment 236
Translated by Berel Bell
The 236th mitzvah is that we are commanded regarding someone who wounds another person.
The source of this commandment is G‑d's statement1 (exalted be He), "[This is the law] when two men fight, and one hits the other..." These laws are called dinei k'nasos ["the laws of fines"].
There is one general verse which includes all these laws, namely G‑d's statement2 (exalted be He), "[If one maims his neighbor,] whatever he did must be done to him in return." The Oral Tradition explains that [it does not mean that he is literally to be harmed in return, but that] he must pay the monetary equivalent of the damage he has caused to the other person. Even if he merely shamed him, he must pay appropriate damages.
You should be aware that all these laws involve damage that one person causes to another. They may be judged and determined only by a High Court which was ordained in Israel. The same applies for cases when an animal damages a person or another animal.
The details of this mitzvah are explained in the 8th chapter of tractate Bava Kama.
FOOTNOTES
1.Ex. 21:18.
2.Lev. 24:19.
• Rambam - 1 Chapter a Day
Parah Adummah - Chapter 11
• Parah Adummah - Chapter 11
Parah Adummah - Chapter 11
• Parah Adummah - Chapter 11
1
How is a person who is impure because of contact with a human corpse purified by the water of sprinkling? A person who is pure takes three stalks of hyssop and binds them with one bond. Each stalk should have at least one bud. He should dip the top of the buds in the sprinkling water while it is in a container, focus his intent, and sprinkle it on the impure person or utensil on the third and seventh days after sunrise. If one sprinkled after dawn, it is acceptable. After the water has been sprinkled on a person on the seventh day, he should immerse in a mikveh during the day, wait until nightfall, and then, in the evening, he is pure.
If one dipped the hyssop [in the water] at night and sprinkled it during the day or dipped it [into the water] during the day and sprinkled it at night, the sprinkling is invalid. Moreover, the water imparts impurity just as the water of the ashes of the red heifer does, as will be explained.1 [The sprinkling is not valid] unless the hyssop is dipped in the water and it is sprinkled from it on the third and seventh days after sunrise. If one transgressed and performed [these activities] after dawn, it is acceptable, as explained [above].
א
כיצד מטהרים טמא מת במי נדה לוקח אדם טהור שלשה קלחין של אזוב ואוגדן אגודה אחת ובכל בד ובד גבעול אחד וטובל ראשי גבעולין במי נדה שבכלי ומתכוין ומזה על האדם או על הכלים ביום השלישי וביום השביעי אחר שתנץ החמה ואם הזה משעלה עמוד השחר כשר ואחר שיזה עליו ביום השביעי טובל ביום ומעריב שמשו והרי הוא טהור לערב טבל את האזוב בלילה והזה ביום או שטבל את האזוב ביום והזה בלילה הזאתו פסולה והמים מטמאין משום מי חטאת כמו שיתבאר עד שתהיה טבילת האזוב במים והזאתו ממנו ביום השלישי וביום השביעי אחר שתנץ החמה ואם עבר ועשה משעלה עמוד השחר כשר כמו שביארנו:
2
When a person became impure due to a corpse and remained several days without having the water sprinkled upon him, when he comes to have the water sprinkled upon him, he should count three days in our presence. The water is sprinkled upon him on the third and seventh days. He immerses in a mikveh on the seventh day and waits until nightfall.
To whom does the above apply? To a common person who comes to have the water sprinkled upon him. Even if he says that this is the third day after he contracted impurity, his word is not accepted, for perhaps he became impure on this day. Therefore, he must count the days in our presence. If, by contrast, a chaver comes to have the water sprinkled upon him, it may be sprinkled on him and his implements immediately.
When such water was sprinkled on a person on the third day, but it was not sprinkled upon him on the seventh day, he may immerse in a mikveh whenever he desires after the seventh day, whether during the night or during the day and the water should be sprinkled on him during the day, whether before immersion or after immersion. Even if he immersed on the night of the ninth day or the night of the tenth day, the water may be sprinkled on him on the following day after sunrise.
ב
מי שנטמא במת ושהה כמה ימים בלא הזאה כשיבוא להזות מונה בפנינו ג' ימים ומזין עליו בשלישי ובשביעי וטובל בשביעי ומעריב שמשו בד"א בעם הארץ שבא להזות שאפילו אמר היום שלישי שלי אינו נאמן שמא היום נטמא לפיכך צריך למנות בפנינו אבל חבר שבא להזות מזין עליו או על כליו מיד מי שהוזה עליו בשלישי ולא הוזה עליו בשביעי ושהה כמה ימים טובל בכל עת שירצה אחר השביעי בין ביום בין בלילה ומזין עליו ביום בין קודם טבילה בין אחר טבילה אפילו טבל בליל תשיעי או בליל עשירי מזין עליו למחר אחר הנץ החמה:
3
It is acceptable for all of those who are impure to have this water sprinkled upon them. What is implied? The water may be sprinkled on zavim, zavot, women in the niddah state, women impure because of childbirth, on the third and seventh days after they contract the ritual impurity connected with a human corpse. After the sprinkling, they are purified from that impurity although they are still impure because of another type of impurity, as implied by Numbers 19:19: "And the pure person shall sprinkle on the impure," i.e., one may derive that the sprinkling is effective for him even though he is impure.
Similarly, a person who is uncircumcised may have this water sprinkled upon him. What is implied? If an uncircumcised person contracted the impurity connected with a corpse and had the water sprinkled upon him on the third and seventh days, he is pure from this impurity. When he is circumcised, he must immerse himself and may eat sacrificial foods in the evening.
ג
כל המטמאין מקבלין הזאה כיצד זבים וזבות נדות ויולדות שנטמאו במת מזין עליהן בשלישי ושביעי והרי הם טהורין מטומאת מת אע"פ שהן טמאין טומאה אחרת שנאמר והזה הטהור על הטמא ביום השלישי הא למדת שהזייה מועלת לו אף על פי שהוא טמא וכן הערל מקבל הזאה כיצד ערל שנטמא במת והזה עליו שלישי ושביעי ה"ז טהור מטומאת מת וכשימול טובל ואוכל בקדשים לערב:
4
The optimum way of fulfilling the mitzvah of the hyssop is to use three stalks and for each stalk to have one bud. If at first there were three buds and then only two remained or if one took two at first and bound them together, it is acceptable. Should the buds open and the leaves fall off, even if only the slightest portion of each remain, it is acceptable, because as long as the smallest amount remains from a hyssop, it is acceptable.
When a stalk has three buds, one should separate one from the other and afterwards, bind them together, for the mitzvah is for them to be bound, even though this is not explicitly stated in the Torah. If one separated them, but did not bind them, or bound them without separating them, or used them for sprinkling without separating them or binding them, the sprinklingis valid.
When a hyssop is short, one should bind it with a string on a weaving needle or the like, dip it into the water, lift it up, and then hold the hyssop in one's hand and sprinkle with it. If he did not do so, but instead, sprinkled with it while bound to the needle and he was uncertain whether he sprinkled from the string, from the needle, or from the bud, the sprinkling is invalid.
ד
מצות אזוב שלשה קלחין וכל קלח וקלח גבעול אחד נמצאו ג' גבעולין ושיריו שנים או אם לקח ב' בתחילה ואגדן כשר נתפרדו הגבעולין ונשרו העלין אפילו לא נשאר מכל גבעול מהם אלא כל שהוא כשר ששירי האזוב בכ"ש קלח שיש בו שלשה בדין מפסקו ואח"כ אוגד שלשתן שמצותו להיות אגודה אע"פ שלא נתפרש בתורה שיהיה אגודה פסקו ולא אגדו או שאגדו ולא פסקו או שלא פסקו ולא אגדו והזה בו כשר האזוב הקצר אוגדו בחוט על הכוש וכיוצא בו וטובל במים ומעלה ואוחז באזוב ומזה נסתפק לו אם מן החוט הזה או מן הכוש או מן הגבעול הזאתו פסולה:
5
One should not sprinkle with underdeveloped stalks of hyssop, nor with the seed pods, but with stalks. This is what is meant by underdeveloped stalks: stalks which have not reached maturity. Nevertheless, if the water of the ashes of the red heifer was sprinkled on a person with an underdeveloped hyssop and that person entered the Temple, he is not liable.
From which point should a hyssop be used for sprinkling? From the time it buds. When a hyssop has been used for the sprinkling this water, it may be used to purify a person afflicted by tzara'at.
Whenever a hyssop is described by an additional term, it is not acceptable. The hyssop that is called a hyssop alone is the one which is acceptable. It is the hyssop that is eaten domestically. The species which are called Greek hyssop, red hyssop, desert hyssop, or Roman hyssop are invalid.
ה
אין מזין לא ביונקות האזוב ולא בתמרות אלא בגבעולין אלו הן היונקות גבעולין שלא גמלו ומי שהוזה עליו ביונקות ונכנס למקדש פטור ומאימתי מזין באזוב משינץ ואזוב שהוזה בו מי נדה כשר לטהר בו את המצורע כל אזוב שיש לו שם לווי פסול והאזוב שקורין אותו אזוב ביחוד הוא הכשר והוא האזוב שאוכלין אותו בעלי בתים אבל זה שקורין אותו אזוב יון ואזוב כחלית ואזוב מדברי פסול:
6
A hyssop that was worshiped as an asherah, came from a city that was led astray, belonged to a false deity, or came from impure terumah, is invalid. If it comes from pure terumah, as an initial preference, one should not sprinkle with it. If one did, the sprinkling is acceptable.
ו
אזוב של אשרה ושל עיר הנדחת ושל ע"ז ושל תרומה טמאה פסולה של תרומה טהורה לא יזה ואם הזה כשר:
7
When a hyssop was gathered to be used for kindling and liquids fell upon it, one may dry it, and it will remain acceptable for sprinkling. If it was reaped for use as food, even if the water was dried, it is unacceptable, because it is considered as impure for sprinkling. For all liquids, foods, and implements are considered as impure with regard to the purification process using the water of the ashes of the red heifer, as will be explained. If a hyssop was reaped to use for the purification process, it is as if it was reaped for kindling. Thus if a liquid fell on it, it may be dried and used for sprinkling.
ז
אזוב שלקטו לעצים ונפלו עליו משקין מנגבו והוא כשר להזייה לקטו לאוכלין ונפלו עליו משקין אף על פי שנגבו פסול שהרי נטמא להזייה שכל המשקין וכל האוכלין וכל הכלים הרי הן כטמאים לענין חטאת כמו שביארנו לקטו לחטאת הרי הן כנלקט לעצים ואם נפלו עליו משקין מנגבו ומזה בו:
FOOTNOTES
1.
As indicated by Chapter 15, Halachah 1, the water from an invalid sprinkling imparts impurity.
•
• Hayom Yom: Today's Hayom Yom
• Sunday, 17 AV , 5776 · 21 August 2016
• "Today's Day"
• Wednesday, Menachem Av 17, 5703
Rambam - 3 Chapters a Day
Shechenim - Chapter One, Shechenim - Chapter Two, Shechenim - Chapter Three
• Shechenim - Chapter One
The purpose of the these laws is to know the proper way to divide land among partners, how one should remove factors that may cause danger to one's neighbor and those upon whom one's property borders, and the laws concerning the privileges granted to a person upon whose land one's property borders.
These laws are explained in the chapters that follow.
1
The following rules apply when a person purchases half of a field from a colleague, two people together purchase a field from a colleague, they both inherited a field,a field was given them as a gift, or they took possession of ownerless land or property belonging to a convert who died without leaving Jewish heirs - i.e., any situation in which two people own land in partnership.
If one of the partners asks to divide the property and take his portion alone, and the property is large enough to be divided, we compel the other partners to divide the property with him. If the property is not large enough to be divided, neither partner can require the other one to divide the property. Similar laws apply with regard to movable property.
When does the above apply? When neither of the parties recognizes a specific portion of the property they share as his own, but rather both use the entire property equally. If, however, one of the partners recognizes a portion of the property as his own, each one has the right to compel the other partner to make a divider between his portion and his colleague's portion, although the property is not large enough to be divided.
א
אחד הקונה מחבירו חצי שדהו או שנים שקנו מאחד שדה או שירשו או שנתנה להן במתנה או שהחזיקו בה מן ההפקר או נכסי גר כללו של דבר כל שיש ביניהם שותפות בקרקע וביקש אחד מן השותפין לחלק וליטול חלקו לבדו אם יש באותה קרקע דין חלוקה כופה את שאר השותפין וחולקין עמו ואם אין בה דין חלוקה אין אחד מהן יכול לכוף את חבירו לחלוק וכן הדין במטלטלין בד"א בשאין אחד מהן מכיר את חלקו במקום שהן שותפין בו אלא יד כולן משתמש בכל המקום אבל אם היה אחד מהן מכיר חלקו אף על פי שאין בה דין חלוקה כופה כל אחד מהן את חבירו להבדיל בין חלקו לחלק חבירו:
2
In a situation where the property is not large enough to be divided or with regard to an entity that cannot be divided - e.g., a maidservant or a utensil - if one of the partners tells the other: "Sell me your portion for this and this much, or buy my portion for the same price," his request is supported by the law. We compel the other partner either to sell his share to his colleague or to purchase his colleague's share from him.
If, however, the other partner does not desire to purchase his partner's share or does not have the means to do so, he cannot compel his colleague to purchase his share from him even at the low market price. For his colleague may tell him: "I do not want to buy; I want to sell."
Therefore, the following laws apply if two brothers, one rich and one poor, inherited from their father a bathhouse or an olive press. If the father made these premises for the purpose of hire, the two share the rental equally for as long as they desire to remain partners.
If the father made these structures for his personal use, the poor brother cannot force the rich brother to hire them out. Instead, they should use them as their father used them. The rich brother can tell the poor brother: "Purchase olives and crush them in the olive press; purchase servants and have them come and wash in the bathhouse."
The poor brother cannot compel the rich brother to purchase his portion unless the poor brother tells him: "Purchase my portion from me or sell me your portion. For I will borrow from others and purchase it or sell it to others, and they will purchase it." If he makes such statements, his claim is supported by law.
If each of the brothers says: "I don't want to purchase your portion; I want to sell my portion," the property should be sold to others.
The following rules apply if both of them say: "I will not sell," but instead each of them wishes to purchase his colleague's portion, or neither of them desires to purchase his colleague's portion, nor to sell his own portion, but instead to remain partners in the property.
What should they do? If the place was fit to rent, they should hire it out and divide the rent. If the place was not fit to rent they should alternate. If the property is a courtyard, they should dwell in it, each for a year at a time. The rationale for this ruling is that it is impossible for them to dwell in it together, because of the lack of privacy, and it is not large enough to divide. A more frequent rotation is not employed, because a person would not trouble himself to move from one courtyard to another every 30 days. Hence, the rotation is carried out from year to year.
If the shared property is a bathhouse, both of them are allowed to enter at all times during the day. The same principle applies to any object that is fit to be used at all times and is not usually hired out - e.g., a bathhouse, a mattress or a Torah scroll. One cannot tell the other: "You use it one day, and I will use it the next day." For the other can claim: "I want to use it every day."
ב
אחד מן השותפין שאמר לחבירו במקום שאין בו דין חלוקה או בדבר שאי אפשר שיחלקו כגון שפחה או כלי מכור לי חלקך בכך וכך או קנה ממני כשער הזה הדין עמו וכופין את הנתבע למכור לחבירו או לקנות ממנו אבל אם אין התובע רוצה לקנות או לא ימצא במה יקנה אינו יכול לכוף את חבירו לקנות ממנו אפילו כשער הזול שהרי חבירו יכול לומר לו אין רצוני שאקנה אלא שאמכור לפיכך שני אחין אחד עני ואחד עשיר שהניח להם אביהם מרחץ או בית הבד אם עשאן האב לשכר השכר לאמצע כל זמן שירצו לעמוד בשותפות עשאן האב לעצמו אינו יכול לכוף אחיו להשכיר אותם אלא משתמשין בהם כדרך שהשתמש אביהם והרי עשיר אומר לעני קח לך זיתים ובוא ועשה אותם בבית הבד קנה לך עבדים ויבאו וירחצו במרחץ ואין העני כופה את העשיר לקנות חלקו אא"כ אמר לו קנה ממני או מכור לי והריני לוה וקונה או מוכר לאחרים וקונין הדין עמו אמר כל אחד מהן איני קונה אלא הריני מוכר חלקי מוכרין אותה לאחרים אמר כל אחד מהם איני מוכר אלא כל אחד מהן רוצה שיקנה חלק חבירו או שאין אחד מהן רוצה לא לקנות חלק חבירו ולא למכור חלקו אלא ישארו שותפין בגוף היאך הן עושין אם היה המקום עשוי לשכר משכירין אותו וחולקין שכרו ואם אינו עשוי לשכר אם חצר הוא שוכנין בה שנה שנה שאי אפשר שישכנו שניהם כאחת מפני היזק ראייה שהרי אין בה דין חלוקה ואין אדם עשוי לטרוח כל שלשים יום לפנות מחצר לחצר אלא משנה לשנה ואם מרחץ הוא נכנסין לה שניהם תמיד בכל יום:
וכן כל דבר שראוי להשתמש בו תמיד ואינו עשוי לשכר כגון מרחץ או מצע או ספר תורה אינו יכול לומר לו השתמש אתה יום ואני יום שהרי אומר לו בכל יום אני רוצה להשתמש בו:
3
When one person rents from a colleague a portion of a courtyard or a field that is not large enough to divide or two people rent such a property in partnership, each one can compel his colleague and tell him: "Either rent my portion from me or rent me your portion." If the property is large enough to divide, it should be divided.
ג
אחד השוכר מחבירו מקצת חצר או שדה שאין בה דין חלוקה או שנים ששכרו מקום אחד בשותפות כל אחד מהן יכול לכוף את חבירו ולומר לו או שכור ממני חלקי או השכיר לי חלקך ואם יש בה דין חלוקה חולקין:
4
What is meant by a property being large enough to divide? That if it were divided among the partners, even the partner with the smallest share would receive a portion of the property large enough to be referred to by the same name that is used to refer to the entire entity. If, however, the name that is used to refer to the entire entity would not be used for this portion, it is not large enough to divide.
What is implied? Whenever a courtyard does not contain four cubits by four cubits, it cannot be called a courtyard. Whenever a field is not large enough to sow nine kabbim of grain, it is not considered to be a field. Whenever a garden is not large enough to sow a half a kav, it is not considered to be a garden. Whenever an orchard is not large enough to sow three kabbim, it is not considered to be an orchard.
Therefore, a courtyard is not divided among partners unless it is large enough for each of the partners to receive at least four cubits by four cubits. A field is not divided unless it is large enough for each of the partners to receive at least enough to sow nine kabbim. A garden is not divided unless it is large enough for each of the partners to receive at least enough to sow half a kav. And an orchard is not divided unless it is large enough for each of the partners to receive at least enough to sow three kabbim.
Where does the above apply? In Eretz Yisrael and lands like it. In Babylonia and lands like it, by contrast each partner must receive a larger measure. A field is not divided unless it is large enough for each of the partners to receive at least enough to require a day of plowing. An orchard is not divided unless it is large enough for each of the partners to receive at least 36 trees - this is the number that requires one person to tend to them for a day. A field that is watered with a utensil is not divided unless it is large enough for each of the partners to receive at least enough that a workman will spend a day watering it.
ד
אי זהו דין חלוקה כל שאילו יחלק לפי השותפין יגיע לפחות שבהם חלק ששם הכל קרוי עליו אבל אם אין שם הכל נקרא על החלק אין בה דין חלוקה כיצד כל חצר שאין בה ארבע אמות על ארבע אמות אינה קרויה חצר וכל שדה שאין בה כדי זריעת תשעה קבין אינה קרויה שדה וכל גינה שאין בה כדי זריעת חצי קב אינה קרויה גינה וכל פרדס שאין בו כדי זריעת שלשה קבין אינו קרוי פרדס לפיכך אין חולקין את החצר עד שיהיה ארבע אמות לכל אחד ואחד מן השותפין ולא את השדה עד שיהיה בה כדי זריעת תשעה קבין [לכל אחד ואחד] ולא את הגינה עד שיהא בה חצי קב לכל אחד ואחד ולא את הפרדס עד שיהא בו בית שלשה קבין לכל אחד ואחד במה דברים אמורים בארץ ישראל וכיוצא בה אבל בבבל וכיוצא בה אין חולקין את השדה עד שיהיה בה כדי חרישת יום לזה וחרישת יום לזה ולא את הפרדס עד שהיה בו ל"ו אילנות לזה [ול"ו אילנות לזה] כדי עבודת אדם אחד ביום אחד ושדה שמשקין אותה בכלי עד שיהא בה כדי שימלא הפועל יום אחד לזה ויום אחד לזה:
5
One should not divide a hall, a large building, a dovecote, an olive press, a bathhouse or a garment unless each of the recipients will receive a portion sufficient for himself. If one is dividing a bathhouse, each portion must be useful as a bathhouse. If one is dividing a dovecote, each portion must be useful as a dovecote. The same principles apply with regard to a garment or other objects.
If the entity is not large enough to divide, its value is assessed. One can tell one's fellow partner: "Either sell it to me or buy it from me."
If the entity is not large enough to divide, but one partner says to the other: "Let us divide this even though the portions are not equal. I will take the smaller portion and you take the larger portion," we are not required to accept his proposition. For the other partner will tell him: "I do not desire to receive a gift." Instead, since the entity is not large enough for an equal division, we assess its financial value.
ה
אין חולקין את הטרקלין ולא את המורן ולא את השובך ולא את בית הבד ולא את המרחץ ולא את הטלית עד שיהא בכל חלק מהן כדי לזה וכדי לזה אם מרחץ חלקו עד שיהא בכל חלק מהן כדי מרחץ ואם שובך עד שיהא כל חלק שובך בפני עצמו וכן בטלית ובשאר כל הדברים אין בהן כדי לזה וכדי לזה מעלין אותו בדמים ויש [לו] לומר לחבירו או מכור לי או קנה ממני אמר אחד מהן חלוק זה אע"פ שאין החלקין שוים אנו אטול את הפחות וטול אתה את היתר אין שומעין לו שהרי אומר לו אין רצוני ליקח מתנה אלא הואיל ואין בה דין חלוקה בשוה הרי אנו מעלין בדמים:
Shechenim - Chapter Two
1
The following laws apply with regard to courtyards in villages where every person builds a house for himself, and thus the courtyard in between the two houses is used jointly by all the members of the two households. Every opening is granted four cubits in front of it for the entire length of the opening. With regard to the remainder of the courtyard, if there is enough to provide every partner with four cubits by four cubits, it is divided. If not, it is not divided. For any courtyard that is not four cubits by four cubits cannot be called a courtyard, as we have explained.
What is implied? If there were two partners, one owned two houses in the courtyard and the other owned one. For the one who owns two houses, we grant him four cubits from the courtyard in front of the entire width of the entrances to each of his homes, even if the entrances of each are ten cubits wide. And we give the partner who owns one house four cubits in front of the entire width of the entrance to his home.
With regard to the remainder of the courtyard, if it is at least eight cubits by four cubits, so that each one will receive a portion at least four cubits by four cubits in addition to the area in front of the entrances, it is considered large enough to divide, and it should be divided. If it is smaller than this, it is not large enough to divide.
א
חצרות הכפרים שכל אחד ואחד בונה לו בית ונמצאת החצר שבין שני הבתים משותפת לכל בני הבתים הרי יש לכל פתח ופתח ארבע אמות לפניו ברוחב כל הפתח והנשאר מן החצר אם יש בו ארבע אמות על ארבע אמות לכל שותף ושותף חולקין אותה ואם לאו אין חולקין אותה שכל חצר שאין לה ארבע אמות על ארבע אמות אינה קרויה חצר כמו שביארנו כיצד היו שני שותפין לזה שני בתים ולזה בית אחד זה שיש לו שני בתים מודדין לו מן החצר ארבע אמות לכל בית ובית על כל רוחב הפתח אפילו היה עשר אמות וזה שיש לו בית אחד נותנין לו ארבע אמות ברוחב פתחו לפני פתחו והנשאר מן החצר אם יש בה שמנה אמות כדי שיהא לזה ארבע אמות על ארבע אמות ולזה ארבע אמות על ארבע אמות חוץ מן הפתחים יש בה דין חלוקה וחולקין פחות מזה אין בה דין חלוקה:
2
When a house in a courtyard has many entrances on all sides, it is granted four cubits on every side. If the owner designates one entrance as the entrance to the house, he is granted four cubits only opposite this entrance.
ב
בית שיש לו פתחים רבים מכל רוחותיו יש לו ארבע אמות לכל רוח ואם ייחד לו פתח אין לו אלא ארבע אמות כנגד פתחו:
3
When a person can enter an excedra carrying his load, he is not granted these four cubits. If not, he is granted these four cubits. For the sole reason our Sages said that a person is granted four cubits for every entrance is so that he can unload his burden there.
ג
אכסדרה אם אפשר לו להכנס לתוכה במשאו אין לה ארבע אמות ואם לאו יש לה ארבע אמות שלא אמרו שיש לכל פתח ופתח ארבע אמות אלא לפרק שם משאו:
4
A person is granted four cubits in front of a guard's room or a porch.
If there are five structures that open up to a porch, and the porch opens up to a courtyard, only four cubits are granted.
ד
בית שער או מרפסת יש להם ארבע אמות היו חמשה בתים פתוחים למרפסת והמרפסת פתוחה לחצר אין לה אלא ארבע אמות:
5
A chicken coop is not granted four cubits.
ה
לול של תרנגולים אין לו ארבע אמות:
6
When a house has a roof over half of it, but not over the second half, regardless of whether the roofed portion is on the inside or toward the outside, it is not granted four cubits.
ו
בית חציו מקורה וחציו שאינו מקורה בין שקרויו כלפי פנים בין שקרויו כלפי חוץ אין לו ארבע אמות:
7
Although the entrance to a house is closed off, the owner is granted four cubits. If, however, the owner destroyed the doorway and closed it entirely, it is not granted four cubits.
ז
בית סתום יש לו ארבע אמות פרץ את פצימיו אין לו ארבע אמות:
8
When a house is smaller than four cubits by four cubits, its owner is not granted four cubits in the courtyard.
Thus, the following rule applies if there is a courtyard with two structures, and at least one of them is smaller than this minimal size. If the courtyard contains four cubits for one owner and four cubits for the other, even though this measure reaches the entrance of the structure, the courtyard is divided.
The manure in the courtyard should be divided according to the entrances. The levy of the king for the keep of his legions is divided according to the number of people living in the courtyard.
ח
בית שאין בו ארבע אמות על ארבע אמות אין לו ארבע אמות בחצר אלא אם יש בחצר ארבע אמות לזה וארבע אמות לזה עד פתח הבית הזה חולקין והזבל של חצר מתחלק לפי הפתחים אבל אכסניא של מלך לפי בני אדם:
9
When partners desire to divide an entity that is not fit to be divided, they may divide it, although because of their actions it will no longer be called by the same name.
With regard to holy scrolls, by contrast, even though the partners desire, a scroll should not be divided.
When does the above apply? When all the sacred writings are contained in one scroll, but if the sacred writings are contained in two scrolls, they may be divided.
ט
השותפין שרצו לחלוק דבר שאין בו דין חלוקה אף על פי שהן מפסידין את שמו חולקין ובכתבי הקדש אף על פי שרצו לא יחלוקו בד"א בכרך אחד אבל בשתי כריכות חולקין:
10
When partners desire to divide a place that is not large enough to be divided, each one has the right to retract until the actual division is made. This applies even when the decision was confirmed with a kinyan, for this is merely a kinyan concerning words, as we have explained.
If, however, the partners made a kinyan, stating that this one desired the portion of the property in one direction, and the other desired the portion of the property in the other direction, they cannot retract. Similarly, if each one went and manifested ownership over his portion, neither can retract, even though they did not confirm their commitment with a kinyan.
י
מקום שאין בו דין חלוקה שרצו שותפין לחלקו אע"פשקנו מידם כל אחד מהן יכול לחזור בו שזה קניין דברים הוא כמו שביארנו אבל אם קנו מידם שזה רצה ברוח פלוני וזה רצה ברוח פלוני אינן יכולים לחזור בהם וכן אם הלך זה בעצמו והחזיק בחלקו וזה בעצמו והחזיק בחלקו אע"פ שלא קנו מידם אין אחד מהם יכול לחזור בחבירו:
11
When brothers divide an estate by lottery, once one of them receives his lot, they all acquire the remainder of the property. The rationale is that with the satisfaction that they receive from the fact that they carried out the agreement that they arranged between themselves, each one concluded the matter and transferred the appropriate share to his fellow.
יא
האחין שחלקו ועשו ביניהם גורל כיון שעלה גורל לאחד מהן קנו כולן בהנייה שנעשית להם ששמעו זה מזה לדבר שהסכימו עליו גמר כל אחד מהן ומקנה לחבירו:
12
When brothers divide an estate, they are considered as having purchased their shares from each other. Thus, none of them is entitled to claim from any of the others the right of passage, the right to erect a ladder, the right to maintain a window, or the right to the passage of an irrigation channel. For once they have divided the property, none of them has any right with regard to the property belonging to any of the other brothers.
Therefore, one brother may tell another: "When the field was owned by one person, he would cause this irrigation ditch to pass from one place to another. Now, however, that this field has become my portion, I have the right to close the irrigation ditch." Similarly, he may block off a window that looks over his portion and build next to a ladder, even though it nullifies its usefulness.
The same laws apply when two people buy a field in partnership from one person and then decide to divide the property. Neither has any rights with regard to the portion of his colleague. The owner of either portion may dam the irrigation ditch or block off the windows.
יב
האחין שחלקו הרי הן כלקוחות זה מזה ואין להם דרך זה על זה ולא סולמות זה על זה ולא חלונות זה על זה ולא אמת המים זה על זה שכיון שחלקו לא נשאר לאחד מהן זכות בחלק חבירו לפיכך יש לומר לאחין כשהיתה השדה כולה לאחד היה מעביר בה אמת המים הזאת ממקום למקום אבל עתה שנעשית זה חלקי יש לי להסיר אמת המים מעלי וכן סותם החלון המשקיף על חלקו ובונה בצד הסולם אף על פי שהוא מבטל תשמישו והוא הדין בשנים שקנו שדה מאחד וחלקו לא נשאר לאחד מהם זכות בחלק חבירו ומפסיק אמת המים מחלקו וסותם החלונות:
13
When, by contrast, two people buy a field from two other people, or from two brothers, neither has the right to dam the irrigation ditch or to change any other of the privileges that one of the sellers had established as his own, even though it is damaging to his colleague.
יג
אבל שנים שקנו שדה משני אנשים או משני אחין אין לאחד מהן להפסיק אמת המים ולא לשנות דבר מן הנזקים שהחזיקו בהן המוכרין:
14
The following rule applies with regard to a courtyard owned in partnership that is large enough to divide or one that was divided by consent, even though it is not large enough to divide. Each of the partners may compel the other to join in the building of a wall in the middle of the courtyard, so that one will not see the other when using the courtyard.
The rationale is that damage caused by an invasion of privacy is considered to be damage.
Neither partner can claim that it is an established fact that the courtyard has remained without a wall. Instead, even though the courtyard stood many years without a divider, one partner can compel the other to join in the building of a divider whenever he desires.
יד
חצר השותפין שיש בה דין חלוקה או שחלקוה ברצונם אע"פ שאין בה חלוקה יש לכל אחד מהן לכוף את חבירו לבנות הכותל באמצע כדי שלא יראהו חבירו בשעה שמשתמש בחלקו שהיזק ראייה היזק הוא ואין לו חזקה בחצר אלא אף על פי שעמדו כך שנים רבות בלא מחיצה כופהו לעשות מחיצה בכל עת שירצה:
15
The space where the wall will be built comes from both partners.
How wide must the partition be? Everything depends on local custom. Even if the local custom is to make a partition from reeds or palm leaves, such a partition is made, provided it does not leave open space for one neighbor to look and see his colleague.
טו
רוחב מקום הכותל משל שניהם וכמה יהיה רחבו הכל כמנהג המדינה ואפילו נהגו לעשות מחיצה ביניהם בקנים ובהוצין ובלבד שלא יהיה אויר שיסתכל בו ויראה את חבירו:
16
How high must the wall be? No smaller than four cubits. Similarly, in a garden, a person may compel his neighbor to separate their two gardens with a divider ten handbreadths high. But in a stretch of fields, there is no need to separate one person's stretch of fields from another unless this is the local custom.
If a person desires to make a distinction between his stretch of fields and that belonging to his colleague, he must build the barrier within his own property. Therefore, he should make a sign of approximately a cubit by a cubit of mortar on the outside to indicate that the wall belongs to him. Therefore, if the wall falls, both the land and the stones belong to him.
If the wall is built by the two of them in partnership, they should build a projection on both sides. Therefore, if the wall falls, they both share the space and the stones.
טז
כמה גובה הכותל אין פחות מארבע אמות וכן בגינה כופהו להבדיל גינתו מגינת חבירו במחיצה גבוהה עשרה טפחים אבל בבקעה אין צריך להבדיל בקעתו מבקעת חבירו אלא במקום שנהגו רצה להבדיל בקעתו מבקעת חבירו כונס לתוך שלו ובונה ועושה חזית כמו אמה בסיד מבחוץ כדי להודיע שהכותל שלו לפיכך אם נפל הכותל המקום והאבנים שלו ואם עשו מדעת שניהם בונים הכותל באמצע ועושין חזית מכאן ומכאן לפיכך אם נפל הכותל המקום והאבנים של שניהן:
17
The following rule applies when a person sells a garden to a colleague without any specifications. If it is attached with other gardens, we compel the purchaser to construct a fence between them. This applies even when the custom is not to erect fences in gardens. If, however, he sells a field without any specifications, we do not require him to erect a fence unless this is the local custom.
יז
המוכר גינה לחבירו סתם והיתה מעורבת עם גנות אחרות כופין את הלוקח לבנות את הכותל ביניהם ואפילו במקום שנהגו שלא לגדור בגנות אבל אם מכר בקעה סתם אין מחייבים אותו לגדור אלא במקום שנהגו:
18
In a place where it is customary to use stones that are not hewn to build the walls that divide courtyards or gardens, each of the partners should give three handbreadths. If they use hewn stones, each of the partners should give two and a half handbreadths. If they use broken bricks, each of the partners should give two handbreadths. If they use bricks, each of the partners should give a handbreadth and a half. All these measures include the thickness of the wall and the mortar.
Since the space of the wall belongs equally to both of them, should the wall fall, the space and the stones are shared equally between them. Even if the wall fell into the property of one of them, or one cleared all the stones into his property and claimed that his colleague sold him his portion or gave it to him as a gift, his word is not accepted. Instead, they are considered to belong to both of them unless one of them proves his claim.
יח
מקום שנהגו לבנות כותלים המבדילין בחצירות או בגנות באבנים שאינן גזית זה נותן שלשה טפחים וזה נותן שלשה טפחים בגזית זה נותן טפחיים ומחצה וזה נותן טפחיים ומחצה בכפיסין זה נותן טפחיים וזה נותן טפחיים בלבנים זה נותן טפח ומחצה וזה נותן טפח ומחצה וכל השיעורין האלו עובי הכותל עם הסיד והואיל ומקום הכותל משל שניהם אם נפל הכותל הרי המקום והאבנים של שניהם ואפילו נפל לרשות אחד מהן או שפינה אחד מהן את כל האבנים לרשותו וטען שמכר לו חבירו חלקו או נתנו לו במתנה אינו נאמן אלא הרי הן ברשות של שניהם עד שיביא ראיה:
Shechenim - Chapter Three
1
When a wall that separates between two partners falls, each of the partners may compel the other to share in its construction until it reaches the height of four cubits, so that they will not see each other. We do not, however, compel a partner to build it any higher than four cubits.
The following rule applies if one of the partners takes the initiative and builds the wall higher than four cubits. If the other colleague comes and builds another wall of his as high as the wall between them, we obligate that partner to pay his share in the additional height that is opposite his wall.
What is implied? One person built a wall between himself and another partner and elevated it to a height of ten cubits. Afterwards, the other partner came and built another wall opposite it or at its side for the sake of making a room, and built that wall six cubits high. We obligate him to pay his share in the two cubits that were added to the minimum of four cubits. For it is obvious that he desired them.
Similarly, if he hewed out a place on the top of the wall between them to place beams or affixed permanently there a large beam on which the others rest, we obligate him to pay his share in the entire six cubits that his colleague added to the minimum of four cubits, although he did not build the entire wall. For he revealed his intent, that he desired the entire height of the wall.
א
כותל חצר המבדיל בין שני שותפין שנפל יש לכל אחד משניהם לכוף על חבירו לבנותו עד גובה ד"א כדי שלא יראו זה את זה אבל יתר על ארבע אמות אין מחייבין אותו רצה האחד והגביה הכותל יותר על ארבע אמות אם בא חבירו ובנה כותל אחד גבוה כנגד הכותל שביניהן מחייבין אותו ליתן חלקו בגובה שכנגד כתלו כיצד בנה אחד כותל שביניהן והגביהו עשר אמות ובא חבירו ובנה כותל אחד כנגדו או בצדו לעשות לו בית והגביה הכותל האחר שש אמות מחייבין אותו ליתן חלקו בשתי אמות שמוסיף על ארבע אמות שהרי נראה ממעשיו שהוא רוצה בהן וכן אם חקק בראש הכותל שביניהן מקום להניח בו הקורות או שבנה עליו קורה גדולה שהקורות נשענין עליה מחייבין אותו ליתן חלקו בשש האמות כולן שהוסיף חבירו על הארבע אמות אע"פ שלא בנה כל הכותל שהרי גילה דעתו שהוא רוצה בכל הגובה הזה:
2
The following rule applies when one of the partners builds a wall four cubits high that separates between his property and his colleague's property and demands that his colleague pay his share of the costs. If the other colleague claims to have paid his share, we assume that he paid. He is required to take a sh'vuat hesset that he paid, and he is then under no further obligation unless the plaintiff brings proof that he did not pay.
If, however, one partner demands of the other that he pay his share in the portion of the wall that he added above the minimum four cubits, because he built next to it or opposite it, and that partner claims to have paid, his statements are not believed. Instead, the plaintiff is given the option of taking an oath while holding a sacred article, that the defendant did not pay him. He may then expropriate the money, as is the case with regard to all those who take oaths and collect, unless the defendant brings proof that he paid him.
ב
אחד מן השותפין שבנה הכותל שמבדיל בינו ובין חבירו עד ארבע אמות ותבע חבירו ליתן חלקו בהוצאה ואמר נתתי חלקי ה"ז בחזקת שנתן ונשבע היסת שנתן ונפטר עד שיביא ראיה התובע שלא נתן אבל אם בא לתבוע אותו ליתן חלקו בהוצאת שאר הגובה שהוסיף על ארבע אמות מפני שסמך לו או כנגדו ואמר נתתי אינו נאמן אלא חבירו נשבע בנקיטת חפץ שלא נתן לו ונוטל ממנו כדין כל הנשבעין ונוטלין עד שיביא ראיה זה שנתן לו:
3
The following rules apply when a person owns one ruin in the midst of several ruins belonging to a colleague. Although the colleague builds a divider on one side of the owner's ruin, and then on a second side, and then on a third side, and thus the ruin is enclosed from three sides, we do not obligate the owner to pay any of the costs. For the construction is of no benefit to him, since his ruin is still open to the public domain as it was before.
Therefore, if the builder also encloses the fourth side for him, and thus the owner's ruin is totally enclosed by a partition, we require him to pay his share in the entire amount. He must pay half the costs that his colleague undertook in building the divider four cubits high around all four sides. This applies provided the place of the wall belongs to both of them.
ג
מי שהיה לו חורבה בין חורבות חבירו ועמד חבירו וגדר רוח ראשונה ושנייה ושלישית עד שנמצאת חורבה זו משלש רוחותיה גדורה אין מחייבין אותו ליתן לו ההוצאה כלום שהרי לא הועיל לו והרי חורבתו פתוחה לר"ה כשהיתה לפיכך אם גדר לו רוח רביעית עד שנמצאת חורבתו מוקפת גדר מגלגלין עליו את הכל ונותן חצי ההוצאה שהוציא זה בארבע רוחות עד ארבע אמות ובלבד שיהיה מקום הכותל של שניהם:
4
If, however, the builder constructs the wall on his own property, it appears to me that the owner is charged only a small amount, as the judges see fit, because he does not have the right to use the walls.
If the person whose property was enclosed himself encloses the fourth side, he has revealed his consent and he must pay half the cost of the other three sides if the wall belongs to both of them. Similar principles apply in all analogous situations.
ד
אבל אם היה הכותל של זה שבנה ובחלקו בנה יראה לי שאין מגלגלין עליו אלא דבר מועט כמו שיראו הדיינין שהרי אינו יכול להשתמש בכתלים וכן אם הניקף עצמו הוא שגדר רוח רביעית הרי גילה דעתו ונותן חצי ההוצאה של שלש רוחות אם היה הכותלים של שניהם וכן כל כיוצא בזה:
5
Principles similar to those that govern walls dividing courtyards apply to the construction of guard rails on roofs. If there are two houses situated next to each other, and their roofs are fit for use, one owner should make a guard rail for the half of the roof where he dwells, and the other should make a guard rail for the half of the roof where he dwells. They should extend the partitions beyond the midpoint, so that they will not see each other.
This applies even if the houses are built on two sides of the public domain. Although the people from the public domain can see the person on his roof, each one can tell his colleague: "The people in the public domain see me only during the day, when I stand on my roof. You, by contrast, see me at all times."
ה
וכן שני בתים זה בצד זה והיו גניהן עשויין לדירה אפילו היו בשני צדי רשות הרבים זה עושה מעקה לחצי גגו שהוא דר בו וזה עושה מעקה לחצי גגו וזה שלא כנגד זה ומעדיף כדי שלא יראו זה את זה ואף על פי שבני ר"ה רואין אותו יכול כל אחד לומר לחבירו אלו אין רואין אותי אלא ביום בעת שאעמוד על גגי ואתה רואה אותי תמיד:
6
When a person's roof is close to a courtyard belonging to a neighbor, he should build a guard rail four cubits high.
Between one roof and another, however, four cubits are not necessary. For people do not live on the roofs, and there is no concept of invasion of privacy. One must, nevertheless, make a divider ten handbreadths high between one roof and another to make a distinction, so that if one enters the other's property, it will be obvious that he is like a thief
ו
גג הסמוך לחצר חבירו עושה לו מעקה גבוה ארבע אמות אבל בין גג לגג משאר הגגין אינו זקוק לארבע אמות שאין בני אדם דרין בגגות לפיכך אין בגגות היזק ראייה אבל צריך לעשות מחיצה בין שני הגגין גבוהה עשרה טפחים כדי שיתפוס אותו כגנב אם נכנס לרשותו:
7
When there are two courtyards, and one is situated above the other, the owner of the upper courtyard may not say: "I will build from my level and higher." Instead, both of them must share in the building from below upward, and the owner of the upper courtyard must build from his level and higher alone.
If a person's courtyard was higher than the roof belonging to a colleague, the owner of the higher property need not be concerned with the lower property at all.
ז
שתי חצרות זו למעלה מזו לא יאמר העליון הריני בונה מכנגדי ועולה אלא בונים שניהם מלמטה ועולה ובונה העליון לבדו מכנגדו ומעלה ואם היתה חצרו למעלה מגגו של חבירו אין העליון זקוק לתחתון כלל:
8
When a wall belonging to a person that was located next to a garden belonging to a colleague falls, we compel the owner of the wall to remove his stones. If the owner of the wall tells the owner of the garden: "See, it came to you; they are yours," we do not heed him.
If, however, the owner of the garden desired the stones and agreed, saying "yes, " when he removes them, he acquires them. The owner of the wall may not retract. Even if he tells the owner of the garden: "Here is the money for your costs; let me take my stones, " we do not heed him. If, however, the owner of the garden did not remove the stones, he does not acquire them. We assume that the owner of the wall made the statement only to procrastinate.
ח
מי שהיה כותלו סמוך לגינת חבירו ונפל כופין אותו לפנות אבניו אמר לו הגיעוך והרי הן שלך אין שומעין לו ואם רצה בהן בעל הגינה ואמר לו הן אם פינה אותם קנה ואינו יכול לחזור בו ואפילו אמר הילך יציאותיך ואטול אבני אין שומעין לו אבל אם לא פינה לא קנה שלא אמר לו אלא לדחותו:
9
The following laws apply when there are five gardens that derive water from one spring, and the spring becomes impaired. All the owners of the gardens must share in the repairs made by the owner of the first garden.Thus the owner of the lowest garden must share in the repairs undertaken by all the others, but must make any repairs necessary in his own domain by himself. The owner of the first garden, by contrast, does not share in the repairs of the second, nor in any of those that are below him.
Similar laws apply when the inhabitants of five courtyards pour water into one drain, and the drain becomes damaged. All the inhabitants of the courtyards share in the repairs of the lower one. Thus, the inhabitants of the highest courtyard must share in the repairs undertaken by all the others, but must make any repairs necessary in his own domain by himself. The inhabitants of the lowest courtyard, by contrast, do not share in the repairs of the second, nor in any of those that are above it.
ט
חמש גנות המספקות מים ממעיין אחד ונתקלקל המעיין כולן מתקנות עם העליונה נמצאת התחתונה מתקנת עם כולן ומתקנת לעצמה והראשונה אינה מתקנת עם השניה ולא מהשניה ולמטה וכן חמש חצרות ששופכין מים לביב אחד ונתקלקל הביב כולן מתקנות עם התחתונה נמצאת העליונה מתקנת עם כולן ומתקנת לעצמה והתחתונה אינה מתקנת עם השניה ולא משניה ולמעלה:
10
People with properties adjacent to a river irrigate their fields with water from the river should do so in the sequence in which their properties are situated.
If one of the owners desired to dam up the river so that the water would flow through his property first, and only afterwards would he open it, and another owner wants the river to remain open so that his property will be irrigated first, whoever overcomes the other prevails.
When a cistern is close to an irrigation ditch, it can be filled first as an expression of "the ways of peace."
י
בני הנהר משקין על הסדר רצה אחד מהן לסכור כדי שיחזור לו המים וישקה תחלה ואח"כ יפתח ואחר רוצה להשקות תחלה כל המתגבר זכה ובור הקרוב לאמה מתמלא ראשון מפני דרכי שלום:
• Sunday, 17 AV , 5776 · 21 August 2016
• "Today's Day"
• Wednesday, Menachem Av 17, 5703
Torah lessons: Chumash: Eikev, Revi'i with Rashi.
Tehillim: 83-87.
Tanya: As for an (p. 413) ...as mentioned above. (p. 413).
The Rebbe Tzemach Tzedek explained the relationship of fire and Inner Torah. Inner Torah gives vitality to the Revealed Torah. When one learns an halacha and knows that after his 120 years on earth he will learn the same halacha in gan eden, that puts a little fire into him.
• Daily Thought:
Transfusion
A king without a queen, the Zohar says, is neither great nor a king. For it is the woman who empowers the man to conquer.
And it is the man who empowers the woman to nurture.
And then the man will learn from this woman that he, too, can reach within others and provide nurture.
And the woman will learn that through nurture, she can conquer.[Shabbat Noach, 5751.]
A king without a queen, the Zohar says, is neither great nor a king. For it is the woman who empowers the man to conquer.
And it is the man who empowers the woman to nurture.
And then the man will learn from this woman that he, too, can reach within others and provide nurture.
And the woman will learn that through nurture, she can conquer.[Shabbat Noach, 5751.]
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