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- ב"ה - Today in Judaism - Today is Shabbat, 10 Tishrei, 5778 · September 30, 2017 - Yom Kippur
Yom Kippur - Shabbat: Leviticus 16:1-34
Yom Kippur - Shabbat: Numbers 29:7-11
Yom Kippur Shacharit: Isaiah 57:14 - 58:14; Jonah 1:1 - 4:11; Micah 7:18-20Yom Kippur - Shabbat: Leviticus 16:1 Adonai spoke with Moshe after the death of Aharon’s two sons, when they tried to sacrifice before Adonai and died; 2 Adonai said to Moshe, “Tell your brother Aharon not to come at just any time into the Holy Place beyond the curtain, in front of the ark-cover which is on the ark, so that he will not die; because I appear in the cloud over the ark-cover.
3 “Here is how Aharon is to enter the Holy Place: with a young bull as a sin offering and a ram as a burnt offering. 4 He is to put on the holy linen tunic, have the linen shorts next to his bare flesh, have the linen sash wrapped around him, and be wearing the linen turban — they are the holy garments. He is to bathe his body in water and put them on.
5 “He is to take from the community of the people of Isra’el two male goats for a sin offering and one ram for a burnt offering. 6 Aharon is to present the bull for the sin offering which is for himself and make atonement for himself and his household. 7 He is to take the two goats and place them before Adonai at the entrance to the tent of meeting. 8 Then Aharon is to cast lots for the two goats, one lot for Adonai and the other for ‘Az’azel. 9 Aharon is to present the goat whose lot fell to Adonai and offer it as a sin offering. 10 But the goat whose lot fell to ‘Az’azel is to be presented alive to Adonai to be used for making atonement over it by sending it away into the desert for ‘Az’azel.
11 “Aharon is to present the bull of the sin offering for himself; he will make atonement for himself and his household; he is to slaughter the bull of the sin offering which is for himself. 12 He is to take a censer full of burning coals from the altar before Adonai and, with his hands full of ground, fragrant incense, bring it inside the curtain. 13 He is to put the incense on the fire before Adonai, so that the cloud from the incense will cover the ark-cover which is over the testimony, in order that he not die. 14 He is to take some of the bull’s blood and sprinkle it with his finger on the ark-cover toward the east; and in front of the ark-cover he is to sprinkle some of the blood with his finger seven times.
15 “Next, he is to slaughter the goat of the sin offering which is for the people, bring its blood inside the curtain and do with its blood as he did with the bull’s blood, sprinkling it on the ark-cover and in front of the ark-cover. 16 He will make atonement for the Holy Place because of the uncleannesses of the people of Isra’el and because of their transgressions — all their sins; and he is to do the same for the tent of meeting which is there with them right in the middle of their uncleannesses. 17 No one is to be present in the tent of meeting from the time he enters the Holy Place to make atonement until the time he comes out, having made atonement for himself, for his household and for the entire community of Isra’el. (LY: ii) 18 Then he is to go out to the altar that is before Adonai and make atonement for it; he is to take some of the bull’s blood and some of the goat’s blood and put it on all the horns of the altar. 19 He is to sprinkle some of the blood on it with his finger seven times, thus purifying it and setting it apart from the uncleannesses of the people of Isra’el.
20 “When he has finished atoning for the Holy Place, the tent of meeting and the altar, he is to present the live goat. 21 Aharon is to lay both his hands on the head of the live goat and confess over it all the transgressions, crimes and sins of the people of Isra’el; he is to put them on the head of the goat and then send it away into the desert with a man appointed for the purpose. 22 The goat will bear all their transgressions away to some isolated place, and he is to let the goat go in the desert.
23 “Aharon is to go back into the tent of meeting, where he is to remove the linen garments he put on when he entered the Holy Place, and he is to leave them there. 24 Then he is to bathe his body in water in a holy place, put on his other clothes, come out and offer his burnt offering and the burnt offering of the people, thus making atonement for himself and for the people. (RY: ii, LY: iii) 25 He is to make the fat of the sin offering go up in smoke on the altar.
26 “The man who let go the goat for ‘Az’azel is to wash his clothes and bathe his body in water; afterwards, he may return to the camp.
27 “The bull for the sin offering and the goat for the sin offering, whose blood was brought in to make atonement in the Holy Place, is to be carried outside the camp; there they are to burn up completely their hides, meat and dung. 28 The person burning them is to wash his clothes and bathe his body in water; afterwards, he may return to the camp.
29 “It is to be a permanent regulation for you that on the tenth day of the seventh month you are to deny yourselves and not do any kind of work, both the citizen and the foreigner living with you. 30 For on this day, atonement will be made for you to purify you; you will be clean before Adonai from all your sins. 31 It is a Shabbat of complete rest for you, and you are to deny yourselves.
“This is a permanent regulation. 32 The cohen anointed and consecrated to be cohen in his father’s place will make the atonement; he will put on the linen garments, the holy garments; 33 he will make atonement for the Especially Holy Place; he will make atonement for the tent of meeting and the altar; and he will make atonement for the cohanim and for all the people of the community. 34 This is a permanent regulation for you, to make atonement for the people of Isra’el because of all their sins once a year.” Moshe did as Adonai had ordered him.
Yom Kippur - Shabbat: Numbers 29:7 “‘On the tenth day of this seventh month you are to have a holy convocation. You are to deny yourselves, and you are not to do any kind of work; 8 but you are to present a burnt offering to Adonai to make a fragrant aroma: one young bull, one ram, and seven male lambs in their first year (they are to be without defect for you), 9 with their grain offering, fine flour mixed with olive oil, six quarts for the bull, four quarts for the one ram, 10 and two quarts for each of the seven lambs; 11 also one male goat as a sin offering; in addition to the sin offering for atonement and the regular burnt offering with its grain offering, and their drink offerings.
Yom Kippur Shacharit: Isaiah 57:14 Then he will say,
“Keep building! Keep building! Clear the way!
Remove everything blocking my people’s path!”
15 For thus says the High, Exalted One
who lives forever, whose name is Holy:
“I live in the high and holy place
but also with the broken and humble,
in order to revive the spirit of the humble
and revive the hearts of the broken ones.
16 For I will not fight them forever
or always nurse my anger;
otherwise their spirits would faint before me,
the creatures I myself have made.
17 It was because of their flagrant greed
that I was angry and struck them;
I hid myself and was angry,
but they continued on their own rebellious way.
18 I have seen their ways, and I will heal them;
I will lead them and give comfort
to them and to those who mourn for them —
19 I will create the right words:
‘Shalom shalom to those far off
and to those nearby!’ says Adonai;
‘I will heal them!’”
20 But the wicked are like the restless sea —
unable to be still,
its waters toss up mud and dirt.
21 There is no shalom, says my God,
for the wicked.
58:1 Shout out loud! Don’t hold back!
Raise your voice like a shofar!
Proclaim to my people what rebels they are,
to the house of Ya‘akov their sins.
2 “Oh yes, they seek me day after day
and [claim to] delight in knowing my ways.
As if they were an upright nation
that had not abandoned the rulings of their God,
they ask me for just rulings
and [claim] to take pleasure in closeness to God,
3 [asking,] ‘Why should we fast, if you don’t see?
Why mortify ourselves, if you don’t notice?’
“Here is my answer: when you fast,
you go about doing whatever you like,
while keeping your laborers hard at work.
4 Your fasts lead to quarreling and fighting,
to lashing out with violent blows.
On a day like today, fasting like yours
will not make your voice heard on high.
5 “Is this the sort of fast I want,
a day when a person mortifies himself?
Is the object to hang your head like a reed
and spread sackcloth and ashes under yourself?
Is this what you call a fast,
a day that pleases Adonai?
6 “Here is the sort of fast I want —
releasing those unjustly bound,
untying the thongs of the yoke,
letting the oppressed go free,
breaking every yoke,
7 sharing your food with the hungry,
taking the homeless poor into your house,
clothing the naked when you see them,
fulfilling your duty to your kinsmen!”
8 Then your light will burst forth like the morning,
your new skin will quickly grow over your wound;
your righteousness will precede you,
and Adonai’s glory will follow you.
9 Then you will call, and Adonai will answer;
you will cry, and he will say, “Here I am.”
If you will remove the yoke from among you,
stop false accusation and slander,
10 generously offer food to the hungry
and meet the needs of the person in trouble;
then your light will rise in the darkness,
and your gloom become like noon.
11 Adonai will always guide you;
he will satisfy your needs in the desert,
he will renew the strength in your limbs;
so that you will be like a watered garden,
like a spring whose water never fails.
12 You will rebuild the ancient ruins,
raise foundations from ages past,
and be called “Repairer of broken walls,
Restorer of streets to live in.”
13 “If you hold back your foot on Shabbat
from pursuing your own interests on my holy day;
if you call Shabbat a delight,
Adonai’s holy day, worth honoring;
then honor it by not doing your usual things
or pursuing your interests or speaking about them.
14 If you do, you will find delight in Adonai —
I will make you ride on the heights of the land
and feed you with the heritage of your ancestor Ya‘akov,
for the mouth of Adonai has spoken.”; Jonah 1:11 The word of Adonai came to Yonah the son of Amitai: 2 “Set out for the great city of Ninveh, and proclaim to it that their wickedness has come to my attention.”
3 But Yonah, in order to get away from Adonai, prepared to escape to Tarshish. He went down to Yafo, found a ship headed for Tarshish, paid the fare and went aboard, intending to travel with them to Tarshish and get away from Adonai. 4 However, Adonai let loose over the sea a violent wind, which created such stormy conditions that the ship threatened to break to pieces. 5 The sailors were frightened, and each cried out to his god. They threw the cargo overboard to make the ship easier for them to control.
Meanwhile, Yonah had gone down below into the hold, where he lay, fast asleep. 6 The ship’s captain found him and said to him, “What do you mean by sleeping? Get up! Call on your god! Maybe the god will remember us, and we won’t die.”
7 Then they said to each other, “Come, let’s draw lots to find out who is to blame for this calamity.” They drew lots, and Yonah was singled out. 8 They said to him, “Tell us now, why has this calamity come upon us? What work do you do? Where are you from? What is your country? Which is your people?” 9 He answered them, “I am a Hebrew; and I fear Adonai, the God of heaven, who made both the sea and the dry land.” 10 At this the men grew very afraid and said to him, “What is this that you have done?” For the men knew he was trying to get away from Adonai, since he had told them. 11 They asked him, “What should we do to you, so that the sea will be calm for us?” — for the sea was getting rougher all the time. 12 “Pick me up,” he told them, “and throw me into the sea. Then the sea will be calm for you; because I know it’s my fault that this terrible storm has come over you.”
13 Nevertheless, the men rowed hard, trying to reach the shore. But they couldn’t, because the sea kept growing wilder against them. 14 Finally they cried to Adonai, “Please, Adonai, please! Don’t let us perish for causing the death of this man, and don’t hold us to account for shedding innocent blood; because you, Adonai, have done what you saw fit.” 15 Then they picked up Yonah and threw him into the sea, and the sea stopped raging. 16 Seized with great fear of Adonai, they offered a sacrifice to Adonai and made vows.
2:1 (1:17) Adonai prepared a huge fish to swallow Yonah; and Yonah was in the belly of the fish for three days and three nights. 2 (1) From the belly of the fish Yonah prayed to Adonai his God; 3 (2) he said,
“Out of my distress I called to Adonai,
and he answered me;
from the belly of Sh’ol I cried,
and you heard my voice.
4 (3) For you threw me into the deep,
into the heart of the seas;
and the flood enveloped me;
all your surging waves passed over me.
5 (4) I thought, ‘I have been banished from your sight.’
But I will again look at your holy temple.
6 (5) The water surrounded me, threatened my life;
the deep closed over me, seaweed twined around my head.
7 (6) I was going down to the bottoms of the mountains,
to a land whose bars would close me in forever;
but you brought me up alive from the pit,
Adonai, my God!
8 (7) As my life was ebbing away,
I remembered Adonai;
and my prayer came in to you,
into your holy temple.
9 (8) “Those who worship vain idols
give up their source of mercy;
10 (9) but I, speaking my thanks aloud,
will sacrifice to you;
what I have vowed, I will pay.
Salvation comes from Adonai!”
11 (10) Then Adonai spoke to the fish, and it vomited Yonah out onto dry land.
3:1 The word of Adonai came to Yonah a second time: 2 “Set out for the great city of Ninveh, and proclaim to it the message I will give you.” 3 So Yonah set out and went to Ninveh, as Adonai had said. Now Ninveh was such a large city that it took three days just to cross it. 4 Yonah began his entry into the city and had finished only his first day of proclaiming, ‘In forty days Ninveh will be overthrown,’ 5 when the people of Ninveh believed God. They proclaimed a fast and put on sackcloth, from the greatest of them to the least. 6 When the news reached the king of Ninveh, he got up from his throne, took off his robe, put on sackcloth and sat in ashes. 7 He then had this proclamation made throughout Ninveh: “By decree of the king and his nobles, no person or animal, herd or flock, is to put anything in his mouth; they are neither to eat nor drink water. 8 They must be covered with sackcloth, both people and animals; and they are to cry out to God with all their might — let each of them turn from his evil way and from the violence they practice. 9 Who knows? Maybe God will change his mind, relent and turn from his fierce anger; and then we won’t perish.”
10 When God saw by their deeds that they had turned from their evil way, he relented and did not bring on them the punishment he had threatened.
4:1 But this was very displeasing to Yonah, and he became angry. 2 He prayed to Adonai, “Now, Adonai, didn’t I say this would happen, when I was still in my own country? That’s why I tried to get away to Tarshish ahead of time! I knew you were a God who is merciful and compassionate, slow to anger and rich in grace, and that you relent from inflicting punishment. 3 Therefore, Adonai, please, just take my life away from me; it’s better for me to be dead than alive!” 4 Adonai asked, “Is it right for you to be so angry?”
5 Yonah left the city and found a place east of the city, where he made himself a shelter and sat down under it, in its shade, to see what would happen to the city. 6 Adonai, God, prepared a castor-bean plant and made it grow up over Yonah to shade his head and relieve his discomfort. So Yonah was delighted with the castor-bean plant. 7 But at dawn the next day God prepared a worm, which attacked the castor-bean plant, so that it dried up. 8 Then, when the sun rose, God prepared a scorching east wind; and the sun beat down on Yonah’s head so hard that he grew faint and begged that he could die, saying, “I would be better off dead than alive.”
9 God asked Yonah, “Is it right for you to be so angry about the castor-bean plant?” He answered, “Yes, it’s right for me to be so angry that I could die!” 10 Adonai said, “You’re concerned over the castor-bean plant, which cost you no effort; you didn’t make it grow; it came up in a night and perished in a night. 11 So shouldn’t I be concerned about the great city of Ninveh, in which there are more than 120,000 people who don’t know their right hand from their left — not to mention all the animals?”; Micah 7:18 Who is a God like you,
pardoning the sin and overlooking the crimes
of the remnant of his heritage?
He does not retain his anger forever,
because he delights in grace.
19 He will again have compassion on us,
he will subdue our iniquities.
You will throw all their sins
into the depths of the sea.
20 You will show truth to Ya‘akov
and grace to Avraham,
as you have sworn to our ancestors
since days of long ago.
Today's Laws and Customs:
Yom Kippur Observances
Yom Kippur is the holiest day of the year -- the day on which we are closest to G-d and to the quintessential core of our own souls. It is the "Day of Atonement" -- "For on this day He will forgive you, to purify you, that you be cleansed from all your sins before G-d" (Leviticus 16:30).
For twenty-six hours, from several minutes before sunset on Tishrei 9 to after nightfall on Tishrei 10, we "afflict our souls": we abstain from food and drink, do not wash or anoint our bodies, do not wear leather shoes, and abstain from marital relations.
When the Holy Temple stood in Jerusalem, the Yom Kippur service included the High Priest's entry into the "Holy of Holies" to offer the ketoret -- the only time that anyone entered the Temple's innermost chamber -- and the "casting of lots" over two goats, one to be offered to G-d and the other to carry off the sins of Israel to the wilderness. Today, we spend the day in the synagogue garbed in a white garment called a kittel to resemble the sin-free angels and to waken thoughts of repentance by reminding us of the day of our death. In the course of the day we hold five prayer services: Maariv, with its solemn Kol Nidrei service, on the eve of Yom Kippur; Shacharit; Musaf, which includes a detailed account of the Temple service; Minchah, which includes the reading of the Book of Jonah; and Ne'illah, the "closing of the gates" service at sunset. We say the Al Chet confession of sins ten times, and recite Psalms every available moment.
The day is the most solemn of the year, yet an undertone of joy suffuses it: a joy that revels in the spirituality of the day and expresses the confidence that G-d will accept our repentance, forgive our sins, and seal our verdict for a year of life, health and happiness. When the closing Ne'illah service climaxes in the resounding cries of "Hear O Israel... G-d is one" and a single blast of the shofar, the joy erupts in song and dance (a Chabad custom is to sing the lively niggun known as "Napoleon's March"), followed by the festive after-fast meal, making the evening following Yom Kippur a Yom Tov (festival) in its own right.
See also: More Yom Kippur laws & customs; an overview of the Yom Kippur services
Links
A Yom Kippur anthology
About Yom Kippur (from JewishNewYear.com)
Yizkor
Yizkor, the remembrance prayer for departed parents, is recited today after the morning reading of the Torah.
Links:
The Yizkor Prayer
Honor Due to Parents
On Breavement and Mourning
Ten Days of RepentanceThe 10-day period beginning on Rosh Hashanah and ending on Yom Kippur is known as the "Ten Days of Repentance"; this is the period, say the sages, of which the prophet speaks when he proclaims (Isaiah 55:6) "Seek G-d when He is to be found; call on Him when He is near." Psalm 130, Avinu Malkeinu and other special inserts and additions are included in our daily prayers during these days.
The Baal Shem Tov instituted the custom of reciting three additional chapters of Psalms each day, from the 1st of Elul until Yom Kippur.On Yom Kippur the remaining 36 chapters are recited, thereby completing the entire book of Psalms. Click below for the break-down of the Psalms.
Before Kol Nidrei chapters 115-123</ br> Before retiring for the night chapters 124-132 </ br> After the Musaf prayer chapters 133-141</ br> After the Neilah final prayer chapters 142-150
Links: About the Ten Days of teshuvah; Voicemail; more on teshuvah
Sanctification of the Moon
Once a month, as the moon waxes in the sky, we recite a special blessing called Kiddush Levanah, "the sanctification of the moon," praising the Creator for His wondrous work we call astronomy.
Kiddush Levanah is recited after nightfall, usually on Saturday night. The blessing is concluded with songs and dancing, because our nation is likened to the moon—as it waxes and wanes, so have we throughout history. When we bless the moon, we renew our trust that very soon, the light of G‑d's presence will fill all the earth and our people will be redeemed from exile.
Though Kiddush Levanah can be recited as early as three days after the moon's rebirth, the kabbalah tells us it is best to wait a full week, till the seventh of the month. When sanctifying the moon of the month of Tishrei, it is customary to wait till the night after Yom Kippur.
Once 15 days have passed, the moon begins to wane once more and the season for saying the blessing has passed.
Links:
Brief Guide to Kiddush Levanah: Thank G‑d for the Moon!
More articles on Kiddush Levanah from our knowledgebase.
Today in Jewish History:
Rebecca Born (1677 BCE)Birth of Rebecca (1677-1556 BCE), wife of Isaac, mother of Jacob and Esau, and one of the Four Matriarchs of Israel.
Links: Isaac & Rebecca (the biblical account); Whom to Marry; Faking It
2nd Tablets (1313 BCE)On the 10th of Tishrei of the year 2449 from creation, 82 days after the people of Israel betrayed their newly entered covenant with G-d by worshipping a Golden Calfand after Moses twice spent 40 days atop Mount Sinai pleading on their behalf, "G-d restored His goodwill with the Jewish people gladly and wholeheartedly, saying to Moses 'I have forgiven, as you ask', and gave him the Second Tablets" -- thereby establishing the day as a time for atonement, forgiveness and teshuvah for all generations.
Link: The 120-Day Version of the Human Story
Daily Study:
Shabbat, 10 Tishrei 5778 / September 30, 2017
Chumash with Rashi Parshat Vezot Hab'rachah
Daily Wisdom:
Read a short inspiring insight on this Torah portion.
Deuteronomy Chapter 34
1And Moses went up from the plains of Moab to Mount Nebo, [to the] top of the summit facing Jericho. And the Lord showed him all the Land: The Gilead until Dan, אוַיַּ֨עַל משֶׁ֜ה מֵֽעַרְבֹ֤ת מוֹאָב֙ אֶל־הַ֣ר נְב֔וֹ רֹ֚אשׁ הַפִּסְגָּ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־פְּנֵ֣י יְרֵח֑וֹ וַיַּרְאֵ֨הוּ יְהֹוָ֧ה אֶת־כָּל־הָאָ֛רֶץ אֶת־הַגִּלְעָ֖ד עַד־דָּֽן:
from the plains of Moab to Mount Nebo: There were many levels [leading up from the plain to the summit], but Moses covered them with one step. — [Sotah 13b]
מערבות מואב אל הר נבו: כמה מעלות היו ופסען משה בפסיעה אחת:
all the Land: He showed him the entire Land of Israel in its tranquility, and the oppressors who were destined to oppress it. — [Sifrei 33:30]
את כל הארץ: הראהו את כל ארץ ישראל בשלותה והמציקין העתידים להיות מציקין לה:
until Dan: He showed him the children of Dan practicing idolatry, as Scripture states, “And the children of Dan set up for themselves the graven image” (Jud. 18:30), and He showed him Samson, who was destined to issue from him [Dan] as a savior [for Israel]. — [ibid.]
עד דן: הראהו בני דן עובדים עבודה זרה שנאמר (שופטים יח, ל) ויקימו להם בני דן את הפסל, והראהו שמשון שעתיד לצאת ממנו למושיע:
2and all [the land of] Naftali, and the land of Ephraim and Manasseh, and all the land of Judah, until the western sea, בוְאֵת֙ כָּל־נַפְתָּלִ֔י וְאֶת־אֶ֥רֶץ אֶפְרַ֖יִם וּמְנַשֶּׁ֑ה וְאֵת֙ כָּל־אֶ֣רֶץ יְהוּדָ֔ה עַ֖ד הַיָּ֥ם הָאַֽחֲרֽוֹן:
And all [the land of] Naftali: He showed him his land in its tranquility and in its destruction, and He showed him Deborah and Barak of Kedesh-Naftali, waging war against Sisera and his troops. — [Sifrei 33:31]
ואת כל נפתלי: הראהו ארצו בשלותה וחורבנה, והראהו דבורה וברק מקדש נפתלי נלחמים עם סיסרא וחיילותיו:
and the land of Ephraim and Manasseh: He showed him their land in its tranquility and in its destruction; and He showed him Joshua, who was descended from Ephraim, waging war against the kings of Canaan, and Gideon, who was descended from Manasseh, waging war against Midian and Amalek. — [Sifrei 33:31]
ואת ארץ אפרים ומנשה: הראהו ארצם בשלותה ובחורבנה והראהו יהושע נלחם עם מלכי כנען שבא מאפרים, וגדעון שבא ממנשה נלחם עם מדין ועמלק:
and all the land of Judah: in its tranquility and in its destruction, and He showed him the kingdom of the house of David and their victories. — [Sifrei 33:31]
ואת כל ארץ יהודה: בשלותה ובחורבנה והראהו מלכות בית דוד ונצחונם:
until the western sea: Heb. עַד הַיָּם הָאַחֲרוֹן, the land in the west [of Israel], in its tranquillity and in its destruction. [Here, the sea referred to is the Mediterranean Sea, which represents the westernmost flank of the Land of Israel.] Another explanation: Do not understand the verse as stating הַיָּם הָאַחֲרוֹן, but read it as though it had said הַיּוֹם הָאַחֲרוֹן, “until the very last day,” meaning that the Holy One, blessed is He, showed Him all the incidents that were destined to happen to Israel [until “the last day,” namely,] until the time that the dead would return to life. — [Sifrei 33:31]
עד הים האחרון: ארץ המערב בשלותה ובחורבנה. דבר אחר אל תקרי הים האחרון אלא היום האחרון, הראהו הקב"ה כל המאורעות שעתידין לארע לישראל עד שיחיו המתים:
3and the south, and the plain, the valley of Jericho, the city of palm trees, until Zoar. גוְאֶת־הַנֶּ֗גֶב וְאֶת־הַכִּכָּ֞ר בִּקְעַ֧ת יְרֵח֛וֹ עִ֥יר הַתְּמָרִ֖ים עַד־צֹֽעַר:
and the south: Heb. הַנֶּגֶב, the southland [of the Land of Israel]. Another explanation: the Machpelah Cave [which is in Hebron, in the south of Israel], as Scripture states, “And they went up to the south בַנֶּגֶב, and they came to Hebron” (Num. 13:22). - [Sifrei 33:32]
ואת הנגב: ארץ הדרום. דבר אחר מערת המכפלה, שנאמר (במדבר יג, כב) ויעלו בנגב ויבא עד חברון:
and the plain: He showed him Solomon molding the vessels of the Holy Temple, as Scripture states, “In the plain (כִּכָּר) of the Jordan, the king molded them in thick clay” (I Kings 7:46). - [Sifrei 33:31]
ואת הככר: הראהו שלמה יוצק כלי בית המקדש, שנאמר (מ"א א' ז, מו) בככר הירדן יצקם המלך במעבה האדמה:
4And the Lord said to him, "This is the Land I swore to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob, saying, 'I will give it to your offspring.' I have let you see it with your eyes, but you shall not cross over there." דוַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהֹוָ֜ה אֵלָ֗יו זֹ֤את הָאָ֨רֶץ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר נִ֠שְׁבַּ֠עְתִּי לְאַבְרָהָ֨ם לְיִצְחָ֤ק וּלְיַֽעֲקֹב֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר לְזַרְעֲךָ֣ אֶתְּנֶ֑נָּה הֶרְאִיתִ֣יךָ בְעֵינֶ֔יךָ וְשָׁ֖מָּה לֹ֥א תַֽעֲבֹֽר:
saying, ‘I will give it to your offspring,’ I have let you see it: so that you [Moses] can go and say to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob, “The oath that the Holy One, blessed is He, swore to you-He has fulfilled it!” This is what is meant by the word “saying” [i.e., Moses should say this to them] (Ber. 18b).“For this reason,” [God says to Moses,] “I have shown it to you. However, a decree has been made before Me, that you shall not cross over there, for otherwise, I would keep you alive until you would see Israel implanted and settled in the Land, and then you would go and tell them [the forefathers].”
לאמר לזרעך אתננה הראיתיך: כדי שתלך ותאמר לאברהם ליצחק וליעקב שבועה שנשבע לכם הקב"ה קיימה, וזהו לאמר, לכך הראיתיה לך, אבל גזרה היא מלפני ששמה לא תעבור, שאלולי כך הייתי מקיימך עד שתראה אותם נטועים וקבועים בה ותלך ותגיד להם:
5And Moses, the servant of the Lord, died there, in the land of Moab, by the mouth of the Lord. הוַיָּ֨מָת שָׁ֜ם משֶׁ֧ה עֶֽבֶד־יְהֹוָ֛ה בְּאֶ֥רֶץ מוֹאָ֖ב עַל־פִּ֥י יְהֹוָֽה:
And Moses… died there: Is it possible that Moses died, and [then] wrote, “And Moses… died there”? But [the answer is:] Moses wrote up to that juncture, and Joshua wrote from then on. Says Rabbi Meir: But is it possible that the Torah Scroll would be lacking anything at all, and yet Scripture states (Deut. 31:26),“Take this Torah Scroll” [and Moses commanded this to the Levites; so, according to the above opinion, is it possible that the Torah Scroll referred to there was an incomplete one, up to the juncture of Moses’s death? This cannot be!] Rather, [continues Rabbi Meir, we must say that] The Holy One, blessed is He, dictated this [i.e., the verse “And Moses… died there”], and Moses wrote it in tears. — [B.B. 15b, Sifrei 33:34]
וימת שם משה: אפשר משה מת וכתב וימת שם משה, אלא עד כאן כתב משה, מכאן ואילך כתב יהושע. ר' מאיר אומר אפשר ספר התורה חסר כלום, והוא אומר (לעיל לא, כו) לקוח את ספר התורה הזה, אלא הקב"ה אומר ומשה כותב בדמע:
by the mouth of the Lord: [i.e., Moses died] by a Divine kiss. — [B.B. 17a]
על פי ה': בנשיקה:
6And He buried him in the valley, in the land of Moab, opposite Beth Pe'or. And no person knows the place of his burial, unto this day. ווַיִּקְבֹּ֨ר אֹת֤וֹ בַגַּי֙ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ מוֹאָ֔ב מ֖וּל בֵּ֣ית פְּע֑וֹר וְלֹֽא־יָדַ֥ע אִישׁ֙ אֶת־קְבֻ֣רָת֔וֹ עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה:
And He buried him: i.e., The Holy One, blessed is He, Himself, in His very glory [buried Moses]. — [Sotah 14a] Rabbi Ishmael, however, says that [the words“And he buried him” mean that] Moses buried himself. And this אֶת in the phrase here וַיִּקְבֹּר אוֹתוֹ is one of the three instances of the אֶת in Scripture which Rabbi Ishmael expounded on in this way [i.e., where the suffix attached אֶת is understood to be reflexive, meaning “to himself” , “to themselves” , and so on]. And similar to this case [are the following two instances]:“On the day when his Nazirite vow is completed, he must bring him (אֹתוֹ) ” (Num. 6:13), which means, “he shall bring himself” [i.e., present himself]. And likewise,“And they cause them (אוֹתָם) to bear the sin of their guilt” (Lev. 22:16). Surely does this refer to others causing them to bear that sin? Rather, the verse must mean that they cause themselves to bear the sin. — [Sifrei Nasso 32:124]
ויקבר אותו: הקב"ה בכבודו. רבי ישמעאל אומר הוא קבר את עצמו, וזהו אחד משלשה אתין שהיה רבי ישמעאל דורש כן. כיוצא בו (במדבר ו, יג) ביום מלאת ימי נזרו יביא אותו, הוא מביא את עצמו. כיוצא בו (ויקרא כב, טז) והשיאו אותם עון אשמה, וכי אחרים משיאים אותם, אלא הם משיאים את עצמם:
opposite Beth Pe’or: His burial site was ready there [at Beth Pe’or], since the six days of Creation, to atone for the [sinful] act of Pe’or. — [see Num. 25:1-8; Sotah 14a] This [Moses’s burial site] was one of the things created at twilight, on the eve of [the first] Sabbath. — [Avoth 5:6]
מול בית פעור: קברו היה מוכן שם מששת ימי בראשית לכפר על מעשה פעור, וזה אחד מן הדברים שנבראו בערב שבת בין השמשות:
7Moses was one hundred and twenty years old when he died. His eye had not dimmed, nor had he lost his [natural] freshness. זוּמשֶׁ֗ה בֶּן־מֵאָ֧ה וְעֶשְׂרִ֛ים שָׁנָ֖ה בְּמֹת֑וֹ לֹא־כָֽהֲתָ֥ה עֵינ֖וֹ וְלֹא־נָ֥ס לֵחֹֽה:
His eye had not dimmed: Even after he died. — [see Sifrei 33:36]
לא כהתה עינו: אף משמת:
nor had he lost his [natural] freshness: [The word לֵחֹה refers to his [body’s] moisture. [Thus, the phrase means:] “[Even after his death,] decomposition did not take over his body, nor did the appearance of his face change.”
ולא נס לחה: לחלוחית שבו לא שלט בו רקבון ולא נהפך תואר פניו:
8And the sons of Israel wept for Moses in the plains of Moab for thirty days, and the days of weeping over the mourning for Moses came to an end. חוַיִּבְכּוּ֩ בְנֵ֨י יִשְׂרָאֵ֧ל אֶת־משֶׁ֛ה בְּעַרְבֹ֥ת מוֹאָ֖ב שְׁלשִׁ֣ים י֑וֹם וַיִּתְּמ֔וּ יְמֵ֥י בְכִ֖י אֵ֥בֶל משֶֽׁה:
The sons of Israel: [ordinarily meaning the children of Israel, male and female. But here, it refers only to] the males [who wept for Moses]. However, concerning [the passing of] Aaron, since he used to pursue peace and bring peace between a man and his fellow and between a woman and her husband, it is said [at Aaron’s passing], “The whole house of Israel [wept for him]” (Num. 20:29), meaning both males and females. — [Pirkei d’Rabbi Eliezer 17]
בני ישראל: הזכרים, אבל באהרן מתוך שהיה רודף שלום ונותן שלום בין איש לרעהו ובין אשה לבעלה נאמר (במדבר כ, כט) כל בית ישראל, זכרים ונקבות:
9And Joshua the son of Nun was full of the spirit of wisdom, because Moses had laid his hands upon him. And the children of Israel obeyed him, and they did as the Lord had commanded Moses. טוִֽיהוֹשֻׁ֣עַ בִּן־נ֗וּן מָלֵא֙ ר֣וּחַ חָכְמָ֔ה כִּֽי־סָמַ֥ךְ משֶׁ֛ה אֶת־יָדָ֖יו עָלָ֑יו וַיִּשְׁמְע֨וּ אֵלָ֤יו בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ וַיַּֽעֲשׂ֔וּ כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֛ר צִוָּ֥ה יְהֹוָ֖ה אֶת־משֶֽׁה:
10And there was no other prophet who arose in Israel like Moses, whom the Lord knew face to face, יוְלֹא־קָ֨ם נָבִ֥יא ע֛וֹד בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל כְּמשֶׁ֑ה אֲשֶׁר֙ יְדָע֣וֹ יְהֹוָ֔ה פָּנִ֖ים אֶל־פָּנִֽים:
whom the Lord knew face to face: For he was quite familiar with Him, speaking with Him at any time he wished, as it is said, “So now I will go up to the Lord” (Exod. 32:30), and, “You stand still, and I will listen to what the Lord will command concerning you” (Num. 9:8).
אשר ידעו ה' פנים אל פנים: שהיה לבו גס בו ומדבר אליו בכל עת שרוצה, כענין שנאמר (שמות לב, ל) ועתה אעלה אל ה', (במדבר ט, ח) עמדו ואשמעה מה יצוה ה' לכם:
11as manifested by all the signs and wonders, which the Lord had sent him to perform in the land of Egypt, to Pharaoh and all his servants, and to all his land, יאלְכָל־הָֽ֨אֹתֹ֜ת וְהַמּֽוֹפְתִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֤ר שְׁלָחוֹ֙ יְהֹוָ֔ה לַֽעֲשׂ֖וֹת בְּאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם לְפַרְעֹ֥ה וּלְכָל־עֲבָדָ֖יו וּלְכָל־אַרְצֽוֹ:
12and all the strong hand, and all the great awe, which Moses performed before the eyes of all Israel. יבוּלְכֹל֙ הַיָּ֣ד הַֽחֲזָקָ֔ה וּלְכֹ֖ל הַמּוֹרָ֣א הַגָּד֑וֹל אֲשֶׁר֙ עָשָׂ֣ה משֶׁ֔ה לְעֵינֵ֖י כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל:
and all the strong hand: [This refers to] his receiving the Torah on the Tablets with his hands.
ולכל היד החזקה: שקבל את התורה בלוחות בידיו:
And all the great awe: [This refers to the] miracles and mighty deeds [that were performed for Israel] in the great and awesome wilderness. — [Sifrei 33:41]
ולכל המורא הגדול: נסים וגבורות שבמדבר הגדול והנורא:
before the eyes of all Israel: [This expression alludes to the incident where] his heart stirred him up to smash the tablets before their eyes, as it is said, “and I shattered them before your eyes” (Deut. 9:17). - [Sifrei 33:41] And [regarding Moses shattering the Tablets,] the Holy One Blessed is He gave His approval, as Scripture states, “[the first Tablets] which you shattered” (Exod. 34:1); [God said to Moses:] “Well done for shattering them!” - [Shab. 87a]
לעיני כל ישראל: שנשאו לבו לשבור הלוחות לעיניהם, שנאמר (לעיל ט, יז) ואשברם לעיניכם, והסכימה דעת הקב"ה לדעתו, שנאמר (שמות לד, א) אשר שברת, יישר כחך ששברת:
Shabbat, 10 Tishrei 5778 / September 30, 2017
Daily Tehillim - Psalms Chapters 55-59
Special Custom for the Month of Elul and High Holidays
The Baal Shem Tov instituted a custom of reciting three additional chapters of Psalms each day, from the 1st of Elul until Yom Kippur (on Yom Kippur the remaining 36 chapters are recited, thereby completing the entire book of Psalms).
Chapter 55
David composed this psalm upon escaping from Jerusalem in the face of the slanderers, Doeg and Achitofel, who had declared him deserving of death. David had considered Achitofel a friend and accorded him the utmost honor, but Achitofel betrayed him and breached their covenant. David curses all his enemies, so that all generations should "know, and sin no more."
1. For the Conductor, with instrumental music, a maskil by David.
2. Listen to my prayer, O God, do not hide from my pleas.
3. Pay heed to me and answer me, as I lament in my distress and moan -
4. because of the shout of the enemy and the oppression of the wicked; for they accuse me of evil and hate me passionately.
5. My heart shudders within me, and the terrors of death have descended upon me.
6. Fear and trembling penetrate me, and I am enveloped with horror.
7. And I said, "If only I had wings like the dove! I would fly off and find rest.
8. Behold, I would wander afar, and lodge in the wilderness forever.
9. I would hurry to find shelter for myself from the stormy wind, from the tempest.”
10. Consume, O Lord, confuse their tongue; for I have seen violence and strife in the city.1
11. Day and night they encircle her upon her walls, and iniquity and vice are in her midst.
12. Treachery is within her; fraud and deceit never depart from her square.
13. For it is not the enemy who taunts me-that I could bear; nor my foe who raises himself against me, that I could hide from him.
14. But it is you, a man of my equal, my guide and my intimate.
15. Together we took sweet counsel; we walked with the throng to the house of God.
16. May He incite death upon them, let them descend to the pit alive; for there is evil in their dwelling, within them.
17. As for me, I call to God, and the Lord will save me.
18. Evening, morning and noon, I lament and moan-and He hears my voice.
19. He redeemed my soul in peace from battles against me, because of the many who were with me.
20. May God-He who is enthroned from the days of old, Selah-hear and humble those in whom there is no change, and who do not fear God.
21. He extended his hands against his allies, he profaned his covenant.
22. Smoother than butter are the words of his mouth, but war is in his heart; his words are softer than oil, yet they are curses.
23. Cast your burden upon the Lord, and He will sustain you; He will never let the righteous man falter.
24. And You, O God, will bring them down to the nethermost pit; bloodthirsty and treacherous men shall not live out half their days; but I will trust in You.
FOOTNOTES
1.Jerusalem.
Chapter 56
David composed this psalm while in mortal danger at the palace of Achish, brother of Goliath. In his distress David accepts vows upon himself.
1. For the Conductor, of the mute dove1 far away. By David, a michtam, 2 when the Philistines seized him in Gath.
2. Favor me, O God, for man longs to swallow me; the warrior oppresses me every day.
3. My watchful enemies long to swallow me every day, for many battle me, O Most High!
4. On the day I am afraid, I trust in You.
5. [I trust] in God and praise His word; in God I trust, I do not fear-what can [man of] flesh do to me?
6. Every day they make my words sorrowful; all their thoughts about me are for evil.
7. They gather and hide, they watch my steps, when they hope [to capture] my soul.
8. Should escape be theirs in reward for their iniquity? Cast down the nations in anger, O God!
9. You have counted my wanderings; place my tears in Your flask-are they not in Your record?
10. When my enemies will retreat on the day I cry out, with this I will know that God is with me.
11. When God deals strictly, I praise His word; when the Lord deals mercifully, I praise His word.
12. In God I trust, I do not fear-what can man do to me?
13. My vows to You are upon me, O God; I will repay with thanksgiving offerings to You.
14. For You saved my soul from death-even my feet from stumbling-to walk before God in the light of life.
FOOTNOTES
1.David having fled from Jerusalem, is silenced by fear (Rashi/Metzudot).
2.A psalm that was especially precious to David
Chapter 57
David composed this psalm while hiding from Saul in a cave, facing grave danger. Like Jacob did when confronted with Esau, David prayed that he neither be killed nor be forced to kill. In the merit of his trust in God, God wrought wonders to save him.
1. For the Conductor, a plea to be spared destruction. By David, a michtam, when he fled from Saul in the cave.
2. Favor me, O God, favor me, for in You my soul took refuge, and in the shadow of Your wings I will take refuge until the disaster passes.
3. I will call to God the Most High; to the Almighty Who fulfills [His promise] to me.
4. He will send from heaven, and save me from the humiliation of those who long to swallow me, Selah; God will send forth His kindness and truth.
5. My soul is in the midst of lions, I lie among fiery men; their teeth are spears and arrows, their tongue a sharp sword.
6. Be exalted above the heavens, O God; let Your glory be upon all the earth.
7. They laid a trap for my steps, they bent down my soul; they dug a pit before me, [but] they themselves fell into it, Selah.
8. My heart is steadfast, O God, my heart is steadfast; I will sing and chant praise.
9. Awake, my soul! Awake, O harp and lyre! I shall awaken the dawn.
10. I will thank You among the nations, my Lord; I will praise You among the peoples.
11. For Your kindness reaches till the heavens, Your truth till the skies.
12. Be exalted above the heavens, O God; let Your glory be over all the earth.
Chapter 58
David expresses the anguish caused him by Avner and his other enemies, who justified Saul's pursuit of him.
1. For the Conductor, a plea to be spared destruction; by David, a michtam.
2. Is it true that you are mute [instead of] speaking justice? [Instead of] judging men with fairness?
3. Even with your heart you wreak injustice upon the land; you justify the violence of your hands.
4. The wicked are estranged from the womb; from birth do the speakers of falsehood stray.
5. Their venom is like the venom of a snake; like the deaf viper that closes its ear
6. so as not to hear the voice of charmers, [even] the most skillful caster of spells.
7. O God, smash their teeth in their mouth; shatter the fangs of the young lions, O Lord.
8. Let them melt like water and disappear; when He aims His arrows, may they crumble.
9. Like the snail that melts as it goes along, like the stillbirth of a woman-they never see the sun.
10. Before your tender shoots know [to become] hardened thorns, He will blast them away, as one [uprooting] with vigor and wrath.
11. The righteous one will rejoice when he sees revenge; he will bathe his feet in the blood of the wicked.
12. And man will say, "There is indeed reward for the righteous; indeed there is a God Who judges in the land."
Chapter 59
This psalm speaks of the great miracle David experienced when he eluded danger by escaping through a window, unnoticed by the guards at the door. The prayers, supplications, and entreaties he offered then are recorded here.
1. For the Conductor, a plea to be spared destruction, By David, a michtam, when Saul dispatched [men], and they guarded the house in order to kill him.
2. Rescue me from my enemies, my God; raise me above those who rise against me.
3. Rescue me from evildoers, save me from men of bloodshed.
4. For behold they lie in ambush for my soul, mighty ones gather against me-not because of my sin nor my transgression, O Lord.
5. Without iniquity [on my part,] they run and prepare-awaken towards me and see!
6. And You, Lord, God of Hosts, God of Israel, wake up to remember all the nations; do not grant favor to any of the iniquitous traitors, Selah.
7. They return toward evening, they howl like the dog and circle the city.
8. Behold, they spew with their mouths, swords are in their lips, for [they say], "Who hears?”
9. But You, Lord, You laugh at them; You mock all nations.
10. [Because of] his might, I wait for You, for God is my stronghold.
11. The God of my kindness will anticipate my [need]; God will show me [the downfall] of my watchful foes.
12. Do not kill them, lest my nation forget; drive them about with Your might and impoverish them, O our Shield, my Master,
13. [for] the sin of their mouth, the word of their lips; let them be trapped by their arrogance. At the sight of their accursed state and deterioration, [people] will recount.
14. Consume them in wrath, consume them and they will be no more; and they will know that God rules in Jacob, to the ends of the earth, Selah.
15. And they will return toward evening, they will howl like the dog and circle the city.
16. They will wander about to eat; when they will not be sated they will groan.
17. As for me, I shall sing of Your might, and sing joyously of Your kindness toward morning, for You have been a stronghold to me, a refuge on the day of my distress.
18. [You are] my strength, to You I will sing, for God is my stronghold, the God of my kindness.
Shabbat, 10 Tishrei 5778 / September 30, 2017
Daily Tanya
Iggeret HaKodesh, middle of Epistle 20
Yehoshua B. Gordon - Igeret HaKodesh: Epistle 20 - Part 7 (13:27)
Manis Friedman - 10th day of Tishrei (15:26)
Iggeret HaKodesh, middle of Epistle 20
והנה כמו כן מזיווג זו״ן דבי״ע, נבראו מאין ליש כל הנבראים והנוצרים והנעשים
Similarly, by the union of Za and Nukva of Beriah, Yetzirah, and Asiyah, there were created — as yesh from ayin — all the beings that were created in the World of Beriah, formed in the World of Yetzirah and made in the World of Asiyah,
As explained above, Malchut of Atzilut as well as the union of Zu’n (Za and Nukva) of Atzilut creates the souls and angels of the World of Beriah, creatures which are created in a manner of yesh. And as explained above, this comes about through the power of the Ein Sof and the Kav that is vested in Malchut in general and in the union of Zu’n in particular.
So, too, the union of Zu’n of Beriah, Yetzirah and Asiyah results in the creation of the beings that pertain to these worlds (and, as the Alter Rebbe will conclude, here too there is a vestiture of a glimmer of the Kav, the infinite Ein Sof-light).
על ידי אור הנשמה שבתוכן, שהיא אלקות מהכלים דיו״ד ספירות דמלכות דאצילות
by the light of the Neshamah within them — for it (the Neshamah) is Divinity of the kelim of the Ten Sefirot of Malchut of Atzilut.
The ten kelim of Malchut of Atzilut descend into the Sefirot of Beriah, Yetzirah and Asiyah to serve as the Neshamah and Divinity of the Sefirot of Beriah, Yetzirah and Asiyah.
וגם בתוכה, הארת הקו דאור אין סוף
In it, within Malchut of Atzilut, there is also present the radiation of the Kav from the [infinite] Ein Sof-light,
Since the light of the Kav is similar to its source, the Luminary, it can bring about the creation of yesh from ayin, as explained above.
המלובש באצילות עד הפרסא
which is vested in Atzilut as far as the Prassa, the curtain or veil that screens off Atzilut from Beriah, so that the light of Beriah, Yetzirah and Asiyah will be utterly different from the essence of the G‑dly light in Atzilut.
והארת הקו, שהיה מאיר בכלים דיו״ד ספירות דמלכות
This radiation of the Kav, that radiated in the kelim of the Ten Sefirot of Malchut of Atzilut,
בקע הפרסא עמהם, ומאיר בהם, בבריאה יצירה עשיה, כמו באצילות ממש
pierced the Prassa together with them, and radiates in them — in the thirty kelim of Malchut of Atzilut that becomes a Neshamah for Beriah, Yetzirah and Asiyah — in Beriah, Yetzirah and Asiyah, just as in Atzilut itself.
This aspect of the illumination of the Kav that previously radiated within the kelim of Atzilut, remains constant even beyond the Prassa between Atzilut and Beriah, Yetzirah and Asiyah, that causes the light of the latter three worlds to be completely different from that of Atzilut. For the thirty kelim of Malchut of Atzilut pierce the Prassa and hence retain their Divine characteristics, becoming the light and soul of Beriah, Yetzirah and Asiyah. The same is therefore true of the ray of the Kav that is within them and thus also pierced the Prassa together with them, so that it too radiates within the light of the soul of Beriah, Yetzirah and Asiyah, thereby creating and animating the beings that populate those three worlds.
וכן גם הקו בעצמו, המלובש בסיום וסוף נצח הוד יסוד דאדם קדמון
The same is the case (not only with the ray of the Kav that is vested within the kelim of Atzilut, but) also with the Kav itself, which is vested in the conclusion and end of the Netzach, Hod and Yesod of Adam Kadmon (abbreviated in the Hebrew original as נה״י דא״ק),
שהוא סוף רגלי היושר שלו המסתיימים במלכות דעשיה
i.e., the end of [the Kav’s] “feet of Yosher” which conclude in Malchut of Asiyah:
הנה הארת הקו מאירה משם, ומתלבשת באור הנשמה דיו״ד ספירות דבריאה יצירה עשיה, שהוא אלוקות
a radiation from the Kav radiates from there — from Netzach, Hod and Yesod of Adam Kadmon — and vests itself in the light of the Neshamah of the Ten Sefirot of Beriah, Yetzirah and Asiyah, which is Divinity.
Adam Kadmon (lit., “Primordial Man”), “Who observes and looks to the end of all generations”), represents the first Divine thought concerning and encompassing all of creation. The particulars that are found within this thought serve as the basis of life for all of creation.
Within this level are to be found two modes of emanation, called Iggulim (lit., “circles”) and Yosher (lit., “straightness”). The former (transcendent) mode of emanation encompasses all of creation equally, while the latter (immanent) mode of emanation animates the various levels of creation by permeating each according to its particular rank.
The concluding level of Yosher (the “feet” of Yosher) of Adam Kadmon comes to an end in the very last level of the lowest World (which is Asiyah), i.e., at the Sefirah of Malchut of Asiyah. It is with regard to this level that the Alter Rebbe states above that the radiation from the Kav that illuminates even as far as Malchut of Asiyah “vests itself in the light of the Neshamah of the Ten Sefirot of Beriah, Yetzirah and Asiyah, which is Divinity.”
(The fact that it does so is not due to its vestiture in the kelim of Atzilut, but because of the Kav that radiates within Adam Kadmon, and as such is to be found within all levels of creation, even as far as the last level of Malchut of Asiyah. For Malchut of Asiyah too derives from the primordial thought of Adam Kadmon.)
והארה דהארה מתלבשת בנפש רוח דיו״ד ספירות דבריאה יצירה עשיה
And a radiation from [this] radiation [of the Kav] vests itself (not only in the light of the Neshamah of the Ten Sefirot of Beriah, Yetzirah and Asiyah, but also) in the Nefesh-Ruach of the Ten Sefirot of Beriah, Yetzirah and Asiyah,
ואף גם בכל הכלים שלהם
and also in all their kelim (i.e., in the kelim of the Sefirot of Beriah, Yetzirah and Asiyah),
Though these kelim are not actual Divinity, they are nevertheless irradiated by a glimmer of a glimmer of the Kav. It is not the investment of the Kav within the kelim of Atzilut that brings this about, for Atzilut only illuminates and is vested within that which may be called Divinity. Rather, the Primordial Thought of Adam Kadmon causes the Kav itself (which transcends Atzilut) to irradiate a glimmer of a glimmer of its light even within the kelim of the Sefirot of Beriah, Yetzirah and Asiyah.
והארה דהארה דהארה הוא בכל הנבראים ונוצרים ונעשים
while a radiation of [that] radiation of the [original] radiation is immanent in all the beings that were created in the World of Beriah, formed in the World of Yetzirah and made in the World of Asiyah,
This enables all created beings to be imbued with the Divine purpose of their creation, a purpose which is to be fulfilled by them. This intent, which originates in the Primordial Thought of Adam Kadmon, is the animating force of all created beings.
The meaning of “a radiation of a radiation of the radiation” is as follows: While a radiation of something is not the same as the object itself, nevertheless it is of the same nature. For example, the radiation of the Kav is still basically Divinity; it is of the same mahut (“essential nature”). By contrast, “a radiation of a radiation” (such as “a radiation of a radiation of the Kav”) differs from the Kav in essence, though still resembling it in the manner of its external manifestation; its metziut is the same.
This is why the “radiation of the radiation” vests itself in the Nefesh-Ruach of the Sefirot of Beriah, Yetzirah and Asiyah. For they are not of the same mahut as their antecedent Sefirot in Atzilut, inasmuch as the Sefirot in Atzilut are actual Divinity while they are not. However, the Sefirot of Beriah, Yetzirah and Asiyah are similar to the Sefirot in Atzilut, for they have in common the spiritual manifestation (the metziut) of kelim and Sefirot. True, they are not actual Divinity, but neither are they a manifestation (a metziut) of created beings.
Proceeding one step further, “a radiation of a radiation of the radiation” does not even share the metziut, the outward man-ifestation, of the original radiation. Thus, “a radiation of a radiation of the radiation” of the Kav vests itself within all created beings — within all entities that are yesh — which were “created, formed and made.”
כמו שכתוב: הימים וכל אשר בהם, ואתה מחיה את כולם
as it is written,1“The seas, and all that they contain [were made by You], and You give life to them all.”
I.e., life-force is drawn down from “You” — from the [infinite] Ein Sof-light — into all of creation, by way of “a radiation of a radiation of the radiation” of the Kav.
***
וכל זאת בבחינת התפשטות החיות, להחיותםNow all this is by way of an extension of the vital force to animate them.
With regard to this indirect mode of illumination there is a difference in the manner of vestiture — in Atzilut; in the light of the Neshamah of Beriah, Yetzirah and Asiyah; in the Nefesh-Ruach and the kelim of the Ten Sefirot of Beriah, Yetzirah and Asiyah; and ultimately, in all created beings.
אמנם מציאותו ומהותו של אור האין סוף אינו בגדר מקום כלל
However, the essence and nature of the [infinite] Ein Sof-light is in no way subject to space; hence it cannot be said that this light is to be found in Atzilut in one manner, and in another manner in the lower three worlds of Beriah, Yetzirah and Asiyah and all their ramifications:
וסובב כל עלמין בשוה
rather, it encompasses all worlds equally.
ואת השמים ואת הארץ אני מלא, בהשוואה אחת
[Thus G‑d says,2] “I fill the heavens and earth” — uniformly.
ולית אתר פנוי מיניה, אף בארץ הלזו הגשמית
Likewise,3“There is no place — or spiritual level — devoid of Him,” even in this physical world.
רק שהוא בבחינת מקיף וסובב
[The Divine light is present,] however, [only] in an “encompassing” and “encircling” manner — not in a palpable indwelling, but in a concealed transcendence,
וכמו שכתוב הפירוש בלקוטי אמרים
as this concept (i.e., makkif, or Sovev Kol Almin) is explained in Likutei Amarim.4
ולא התפשטות והתלבשות החיות, להחיותם ולהוותם מאין ליש
As to the presence in the worlds of the very essence and nature of the [infinite] Ein Sof-light, this is not by way of an extension and investment of the life-force, thereby animating them and bringing them into being from ayin to yesh.
For even creation ex nihilo, though it involves a concealed power of the Ein Sof-light, is by definition an act of revelation and expansion that takes place by means of the Sefirot and spiritual levels that draw down and reveal this concealed power. This cannot result directly from the essence of the Ein Sof-light that is utterly concealed within creation.
כי אם על ידי הארה דהארה דהארה וכו׳ מהקו, כנזכר לעיל
Rather, [this extension of life-force and creative power emanates] only by means of a radiation from a radiation of the radiation, etc., from the Kav, as discussed above.
וגם מאור הסובב ומקיף לארבע עולמות, אצילות בריאה יצירה עשיה, בשוה
Also, from the [transcendent Ein Sof-] light that “encircles” and “encompasses” the Four Worlds — Atzilut, Beriah, Yetzirah and Asiyah — uniformly,
מאיר אל הקו הפנימי, דרך הכלים דיו״ד ספירות דבי״ע
there is a radiation to the inner Kav, by way of the kelim of the Ten Sefirot of Beriah, Yetzirah and Asiyah. The kelim thus encompass and transcend the light that is vested within them.
ובהארתו תוך הכלים, נותן בהם כח ועוז לברוא יש מאין
By its radiation within the kelim, it endows them with power and strength to create yesh from ayin.
It has already been explained that the creation of the respective beings of each of the Four Worlds comes about through the kelim of the Sefirot of that particular world. Their ability to create yesh from ayin (which can come about only from the essence of the Ein Sof-light that encompasses all worlds) results from the radiation of the encompassing light within them.
ומאחר שהבריאה היא על ידי הכלים
Now, because creation takes place by means of the kelim, which are finite and diverse, and the infinite light radiates within and through them,
לזאת הם הנבראים בבחינת ריבוי והתחלקות וגבול ותכלית
created beings are numerous and diverse, limited and finite,
ובפרט על ידי האותיות, כנזכר לעיל
especially since [the Divine radiation which brought them into being is revealed] by means of the letters, as explained above, for these letters (of speech) are even more finite and more diverse than the kelim.
To summarize: Both the indwelling aspect (the Kav) and the transcendent (“encompassing”) aspect of the [infinite] Ein Sof-light are present not only within the Sefirot, the Neshamah, Nefesh-Ruach and the kelim, of each of the worlds, but also within all the created beings of these worlds. The difference lies only in the degree of manifestation — whether it be a “radiation”, a “radiation of a radiation,” or a “radiation of a radiation of a radiation.”
When the creative light is present at the first and most direct level (“radiation”), though it is not the essence of the [infinite] Ein Sof-light that is manifest, the light will still be of the same nature; it retains the same mahut. When it manifests as a “radiation of a radiation,” the creative light will be essentially different, and merely bear some external resemblance to its source in the manner of its manifestation; only its metziut remains Divine. When, however, it is manifest as a “radiation of a radiation of a radiation,” as is the case with all created beings, it does not retain even the metziut of the original radiation; the Divine radiation merely descends into the metziut of the created being.
***
FOOTNOTES1.Nechemiah 9:6
2.Yirmeyahu 23:24
3.Tikunei Zohar 57:91b.
4.Tanya, ch.48.
Shabbat, 10 Tishrei 5778 / September 30, 2017
Daily-Mitzvah
Principle 10, 11, 12, 13, 14
Mendel Kaplan - The Principles for Counting 613 Mitzvot: 10 - 14 1)
Principle 10
Do not count a preparatory act as an independent mitzvah.
E.g., "You shall take fine flour and bake it [into] twelve loaves" (Leviticus 24:5). This is not an independent mitzvah, but a necessary prerequisite to the mitzvah of placing Showbreads on the Table in the Temple's sanctuary. Similarly, "Command the children of Israel, and they shall take to you pure olive oil" (ibid. 27:2) is not counted as one of the 613 mitzvot, rather it is a preamble to the mitzvah of kindling the Temple Menorah daily.
Principle 11
If a mitzvah is comprised of a number of elements, do not count them separately.
E.g. "And you shall take for yourselves on the first day [of Sukkot], the fruit of a beautiful tree, date palm fronds, a branch of a braided tree, and willows of the brook" (ibid. 23:40). All these individual elements come together to create a single mitzvah—the mitzvah of taking the Four Species. As such, they are collectively counted as only one mitzvah.
Principle 12
When commanded to do a certain action, do not count each part of the action separately.
E.g. "They shall make Me a sanctuary" (Exodus 25:8). There's a general mitzvah to construct a sanctuary for G‑d. For this purpose, it is necessary to construct an Ark, a Menorah, altars, etc.—but these are all details of the overarching mitzvah of creating a sanctuary for G‑d.
Principle 13
We do not count the amount of days a mitzvah is performed.
E.g., we are commanded to dwell in a sukkah during the seven days of the holiday of Sukkot—yet this is one mitzvah. We are commanded to bring a special offering in the Temple on Rosh Chodesh—yet this is one mitzvah, not twelve. We are commanded to make pilgrimage to the Temple thrice yearly—but this is one mitzvah, the mitzvah of pilgrimage.
Principle 14
We do not count the punishment administered for each transgression.
The Torah specifies many forms of punishments that the courts administer: Four types of capital punishment, corporal punishment, financial remuneration, sacrificial penalties, etc.
While each form of punishment constitutes an independent mitzvah, we do not count the penalty for a particular transgression as part of the 613. For example, there are many different transgressions that mandate the bringing of a sin-offering. Yet, the bringing of a sin-offering is counted as only one mitzvah.
Shabbat, 10 Tishrei 5778 / September 30, 2017
Rambam - 1 Chapter a Day
Part 1
Yehoshua B. Gordon - Rambam: Positive Commandments Part 1 (44:23)
SIE Rambam - Positive Commandments: 1-83 (24:27)
Part 1
1
The first of the positive commandments is the mitzvah to know that there is a God, as [Exodus 20:2] states: "I am God, your Lord."
א
מצוה ראשונה ממצוות עשה, לידע שיש שם אלוה, שנאמר "אנוכי ה' אלוהיך" (שמות כ,ב; דברים ה,ו).
2
To unify Him, as [Deuteronomy 6:4] states: "God is our Lord, God is one."
ב
לייחדו, שנאמר "ה' אלוהינו, ה' אחד" (דברים ו,ד).
3
To love Him, as [Deuteronomy 6:5] states: "And you shall love God, your Lord."
ג
לאוהבו, שנאמר "ואהבת, את ה' אלוהיך" (דברים ו,ה; דברים יא,א).
4
To fear Him, as [Deuteronomy 6:13] states: "Fear God, your Lord."
ד
ליראה ממנו, שנאמר "את ה' אלוהיך תירא" (דברים ו,יג; דברים י,כ).
5
To pray, as [Exodus 23:25] states: "And you shall serve God, your Lord." This service is prayer.a
ה
להתפלל, שנאמר "ועבדתם, את ה' אלוהיכם" (שמות כג,כה); עבודה זו תפילה.
6
To cling to Him, as [Deuteronomy 10:2] states: "And you shall cling to Him."
ו
לדובקה בו, שנאמר "ובו תדבק" (דברים י,כ).
7
To swear in His name, as [Deuteronomy 10:20] states: "And you shall swear in His name."a,b
ז
להישבע בשמו, שנאמר "ובשמו, תישבע" (דברים ו,יג; דברים י,כ).
8
To emulate His good and just ways, as [Deuteronomy 28:9] states: "And you shall walk in His ways."
ח
להידמות בדרכיו הטובים והישרים, שנאמר "והלכת, בדרכיו" (דברים כח,ט).
9
To sanctify His name, as [Leviticus 22:32] states: "And I shall be sanctified amidst the children of Israel."
ט
לקדש את שמו, שנאמר "ונקדשתי, בתוך בני ישראל" (ויקרא כב,לב).
10
To recite the Shema twice daily, as [Deuteronomy 6:2] states: "And you shall speak of them when you lie down and when you arise."
י
לקרות קרית שמע פעמיים בכל יום, שנאמר "ודיברת בם . . . בשוכבך ובקומך" (דברים ו,ז).
11
To study Torah and to teach it [to others], as [Deuteronomy 6:2] states: "And you shall teach them to your children."
יא
ללמוד תורה וללמדה, שנאמר "ושיננתם לבניך" (דברים ו,ז).
12
To tie tefillin upon our heads, as [Deuteronomy 6:8] states: "And they shall be an emblem between your eyes."
יב
לקשור תפילין בראש, שנאמר "והיו לטוטפות, בין עיניך" (דברים ו,ח).
13
To tie tefillin upon our arms, as [Deuteronomy 6:8] states: "And you shall tie them for a sign upon your arms."
יג
לקשור תפילין ביד, שנאמר "וקשרתם לאות, על ידך" (דברים ו,ח).
14
To make tzitzit, as [Numbers 15:38] states: "And you shall make tzitzit for them."
יד
לעשות ציצית, שנאמר "ועשו להם ציצית" (במדבר טו,לח).
15
To affix a mezuzah, as [Deuteronomy 6:9] states: "And you shall write them on the doorposts of your home."
טו
לקבוע מזוזה, שנאמר "וכתבתם על מזוזות ביתך" (דברים ו,ט; דברים יא,כ).
16
To collect the people to hear the Torah [being read] in the year following the shemitah year, as [Deuteronomy 31:12] states: "Gather together the people."
טז
להקהיל את העם לשמוע התורה במוצאי שביעית, שנאמר "הקהל את העם" (דברים לא,יב).
17
For each man to write a Torah scroll for himself, as [Deuteronomy 31:19] states: "Write down this song."
יז
לכתוב כל איש ספר תורה לעצמו, שנאמר "כתבו לכם את השירה הזאת" (דברים לא,יט).
18
For the king to write a second Torah scroll for himself in addition to the one which [he is required to write to fulfill the mitzvah incumbent upon] every man. Thus, he will have two Torah scrolls, as [Deuteronomy 17:19] states: "And he shall write for himself a copy of this Torah."
יח
לכתוב המלך ספר תורה לעצמו, יתר על האחד של כל אדם, עד שיהיה לו שתי תורות, שנאמר "וכתב לו את משנה התורה הזאת" (דברים יז,יח).
19
To bless [God] after eating, as [Deuteronomy 8:10] states: "[After] you eat and are satisfied, you shall bless God, your Lord."
יט
לברך אחר המזון, שנאמר "ואכלת, ושבעת--ובירכת את ה' אלוהיך" (דברים ח,י).
20
To build [God's] chosen house, [the Temple,] as [Exodus 25:8] states: "And you shall make a sanctuary for Me."b
כ
לבנות בית הבחירה, שנאמר "ועשו לי, מקדש" (שמות כה,ח).
21
To revere this house, as [Leviticus 19:30] states: "And revere My sanctuary."
כא
ליראה מבית זה, שנאמר "ומקדשי תיראו" (ויקרא יט,ל; ויקרא כו,ב).
22
To keep watch over this house continuously, as [Numbers 18:2,4] states: "And you and- your descendants before the Tent of Testimony.... [And they shall keep the watch....]"
כב
לשמור בית זה תמיד, שנאמר "ואתה ובניך איתך, לפני אוהל העדות" (במדבר יח,ב).
23
For the Levites to serve in the sanctuary, as [Numbers 18:23] states: "And the Levite shall serve...."
כג
להיות הלוי עובד במקדש, שנאמר "ועבד הלוי הוא" (במדבר יח,כג).
24
For a priest to sanctify his hands and feet at the time of service [in the Temple], as [Exodus 30:19] states: "And Aaron and his sons will wash...."
כד
לקדש הכוהן ידיו ורגליו בשעת העבודה, שנאמר "ורחצו אהרון ובניו" (שמות ל,יט).
25
To prepare the candles of the Sanctuary, as [Exodus 27:21] states: "Aaron and his sons shall prepare it."
כה
לערוך נרות במקדש, שנאמר "יערוך אותו אהרון ובניו" (שמות כז,כא).
26
For the priests to bless the Jews, as [Numbers 6:23] states: "In this manner, you shall bless the children of Israel."
כו
לברך הכוהנים את ישראל, שנאמר "כה תברכו את בני ישראל" (במדבר ו,כג).
27
To arrange bread and frankincense before God [in the Temple] on every Sabbath, as [Exodus 25:30] states: "And you shall place the showbread on the table."b
כז
להסדיר לחם ולבונה לפני ה' בכל שבת, שנאמר "ונתת על השולחן לחם פנים" (שמות כה,ל).
28
To burn a spice offering twice [each] day, as [Exodus 30:7] states: "And Aaron shall burn incense upon it...."
כח
להקטיר קטורת פעמיים ביום, שנאמר "והקטיר עליו אהרון, קטורת סמים" (שמות ל,ז).
29
To keep a fire burning on the altar for burnt offerings continually, as [Leviticus 6:6] states: "And you shall keep a fire burning continuously on the altar."
כט
להבעיר אש במזבח העולה תמיד, שנאמר "אש, תמיד תוקד על המזבח" (ויקרא ו,ו).
30
To remove the ashes from the altar, as [Leviticus 6:3] states: "And he shall remove the ashes...."
ל
להרים את הדשן מעל המזבח, שנאמר "והרים את הדשן" (ויקרא ו,ג).
31
To send impure people out from the camp of the Divine Presence - i.e., the sanctuary - as [Numbers 5:2] states: "And you shall send from the camp all the leprous, any zav, and anyone who has contracted impurity because of a corpse."
לא
לשלח טמאים ממחנה שכינה שהוא המקדש, שנאמר "וישלחו מן המחנה, כל צרוע וכל זב; וכול, טמא לנפש" (במדבר ה,ב).
32
To show honor to Aaron's descendants and to give them priority regarding all holy matters, as [Leviticus 21:8] states: "And you shall sanctify him."
לב
לחלוק כבוד לזרעו של אהרון ולהקדימו לכל דבר שבקדושה, שנאמר "וקידשתו" (ויקרא כא,ח).
33
To clothe the priests with the priestly garments for service [in the Temple], as [Exodus 28:2] states: "And you shall make holy garments...."a
לג
להלביש הכוהנים לעבודה בגדי כהונה, שנאמר "ועשית בגדי קודש" (שמות כח,ב).
34
To carry the ark upon our shoulders when it is to be carried, as [Numbers 7:9] states: "And they shall carry it on their shoulders."
לד
לשאת את הארון על הכתף כשנושאים אותו, שנאמר "בכתף יישאו" (במדבר ז,ט).
35
To anoint the High Priests and kings with the anointing oil, as [Exodus 30:30-31] states: "[Anoint Aaron....] This shall be sacred anointing oil."
לה
למשוח כוהנים גדולים ומלכים בשמן המשחה, שנאמר "שמן משחת קודש יהיה זה" (שמות ל,לא).
36
For the priests to serve in the sanctuary in individual watches; and for them to all serve as one on the festivals, as [Deuteronomy 18:6-8] states: "When the Levite shall come... [he can serve]...with the exception of that which is theirs by ancestral right."a
לו
להיות הכוהנים עובדים במקדש משמרות משמרות, ובמועדים עובדים כאחד, שנאמר "וכי יבוא הלוי" (דברים יח,ו) "לבד ממכריו, על האבות" (דברים יח,ח).
37
For the priests to become ritually impure and mourn for their relatives in the same manner as other Jews who are commanded to mourn, as [Leviticus 21:3] states: "He shall become impure for her."
לז
להיות הכוהנים מיטמאים לקרוביהן ומתאבלין עליהן כשאר ישראל שהן מצווין להתאבל, שנאמר "לה, ייטמא" (ויקרא כא,ג).
38
For a High Priest to marry a virgin, as [Leviti‑cus 21:13] states: "And he shall marry a woman who is a virgin."
לח
להיות כוהן גדול נושא בתולה, שנאמר "והוא, אישה בבתוליה ייקח" (ויקרא כא,יג).
39
To offer the tamid offerings each day, as [Numbers 28:3] states: "[This is the fire offering...] two each day continuously."
לט
להקריב תמידין בכל יום, שנאמר "שניים ליום, עולה תמיד" (במדבר כח,ג).
40
For the High Priest to offer a meal offering each day, as [Leviticus 6:13] states: "This is the sacrifice of Aaron and his descendants."
מ
להקריב כוהן גדול מנחה בכל יום, שנאמר "זה קרבן אהרון ובניו" (ויקרא ו,יג).
41
To offer an additional sacrifice every Sabbath, as [Numbers 28:9] states: "On the Sabbath day, two lambs...."
מא
להוסיף קרבן אחר בכל שבת, שנאמר "וביום, השבת--שני כבשים" (במדבר כח,ט).
42
To offer an additional sacrifice every Rosh Chodesh, as [Numbers 28:11] states: "On your Rashei Chodashim...."
מב
להוסיף קרבן בכל ראש חודש וחודש, שנאמר "ובראשי, חודשיכם" (במדבר כח,יא).
43
To offer an additional sacrifice on Pesach, as [Leviticus 23:36] states: "For seven days, you will bring a fire offering unto God...."1
מג
להוסיף קרבן בחג הפסח, שנאמר "שבעת ימים, תקריבו אישה לה'" (ויקרא כג,לו).
44
To bring the meal offering of the omer on the day after the first day of Pesach together with a single lamb, as [Leviticus 23:10] states: "And you shall bring the omer...."
מד
להקריב מנחת העומר ממוחרת יום ראשון של פסח עם כבש אחד, שנאמר "והבאתם את עומר ראשית קצירכם, אל הכוהן" (ויקרא כג,י).
45
To offer an additional sacrifice on Shavuot, as [Numbers 28:26] states: "On the day of the first fruits [Bikkurim]...."
מה
להוסיף קרבן ביום עצרת, שנאמר "וביום הביכורים . . ." (במדבר כח,כו).
46
To bring two loaves and the sacrifices which accompany the loaves on Shavuot, as [Leviticus 23:17] states: "From your dwellings, bring bread as a wave offering. And you shall offer upon the bread...."
מו
להביא שתי הלחם עם הקרבנות הקרבים בגלל הלחם ביום עצרת, שנאמר "ממושבותיכם תביאו לחם תנופה" (ויקרא כג,יז) "והקרבתם על הלחם" (ויקרא כג,יח).
47
To offer an additional sacrifice on Rosh HaShanah, as [Numbers 29:1] states: "And in the seventh month, on the first of the month...."
מז
להוסיף קרבן בראש השנה, שנאמר "ובחודש השביעי באחד לחודש" (במדבר כט,א).
48
To offer an additional sacrifice on the fast [of Yom Kippur], as [Numbers 29:7] states: "On the tenth of the seventh month...."
מח
להוסיף קרבן ביום הצום, שנאמר "ובעשור לחודש השביעי" (במדבר כט,ז).
49
To carry out the service of the fast [of Yom Kippur], as [Leviticus 16:3] states: "In this manner, Aaron will enter the [inner] sanctuary, with a young bull...." All the [particulars of] this service are stated in the parashah of Acharei Mot.
מט
לעשות עבודת היום ביום הצום, שנאמר "בזאת יבוא אהרון, אל הקודש:. בפר בן בקר" (ויקרא טז,ג), וכל העבודה הכתובה בפרשת אחרי מות.
50
To offer an additional sacrifice on the holiday of Sukkot, as [Numbers 29:13] states: "And you shall present a burnt offering as a pleasing fragrance...."
נ
להוסיף קרבן בחג הסוכות, שנאמר "והקרבתם עולה אישה ריח ניחוח" (במדבר כט,יג).
51
To offer an additional sacrifice on Shemini Atzeret, for it is a festival in its own right, as [Numbers 29:35] states: "And on the eighth day....
נא
להוסיף קרבן ביום שמיני עצרת, כי רגל בפני עצמו הוא, שנאמר "ביום, השמיני" (במדבר כט,לה).
52
To celebrate on the festivals, as [Exodus 23:14] states: "And you shall celebrate three festivals for Me."
נב
לחוג ברגלים, שנאמר "שלוש רגלים, תחוג לי" (שמות כג,יד).
53
To appear [before God in the Temple] on the festivals, as [Deuteronomy 16:16] states: "On three occasions during the year, all your males shall appear...."
נג
להיראות ברגלים, שנאמר "שלוש פעמים, בשנה--ייראה, כל זכורך" (שמות כג,יז; שמות לד,כג; דברים טז,טז).
54
To rejoice on the festivals, as [Deuteronomy 16:14] states: "And you shall rejoice on your festivals."
נד
לשמוח ברגלים, שנאמר "ושמחת, בחגך" (דברים טז,יד).
55
To slaughter the Paschal lamb, as [Exodus 12:6] states: "And the entire congregation shall slaughter it...."
נה
לשחוט כבש הפסח, שנאמר "ושחטו אותו, כול קהל . . ." (שמות יב,ו).
56
To eat the meat of the Paschal sacrifice roasted on the night of the fifteenth of Nisan, as [Exodus 12:8] states: "And they shall eat the meat...."
נו
לאכול בשר הפסח צלי בלילי חמישה עשר מניסן, שנאמר "ואכלו את הבשר" (שמות יב,ח).
57
To offer the second Paschal sacrifice, as [Numbers 9:11] states: "In the second month, on the fourteenth of the month...."
נז
לעשות פסח שני, שנאמר "בחודש השני בארבעה עשר" (במדבר ט,יא).
58
To eat the meat of the second Paschal offering together with matzot and bitter herbs, as [Numbers 9:11] states: "And you shall eat it with matzot and bitter herbs."
נח
לאכול את בשר פסח שני על מצה ומרור, שנאמר "על מצות ומרורים, יאכלוהו" (במדבר ט,יא).
59
To sound the trumpets when the sacrifices [are offered] and in times of difficulty, as [Numbers 10:10] states: "And you shall sound the trumpets...."
נט
לתקוע בחצוצרות על הקרבנות ובשעת הצרות, שנאמר "ותקעתם בחצוצרות" (במדבר י,י).
60
For all animals to be sacrificed after their eighth day [of life], as [Leviticus 22:27] states: "And on the eighth day and afterwards...."b
ס
להיות כל קרבנות בהמה מיום שמיני והלאה, שנאמר "מיום השמיני, והלאה" (ויקרא כב,כז).
61
For all animal offerings to be unblemished, as [Leviticus 22:21] states: "[When it is] unblemished, it will be desirable...."
סא
להיות כל קרבן בהמה תמים, שנאמר "תמים יהיה לרצון" (ויקרא כב,כא).
62
To salt all the sacrifices, as [Leviticus 2:13] states: "Offer salt on all your sacrifices."
סב
למלוח כל קרבן, שנאמר "על כל קרבנך, תקריב מלח" (ויקרא ב,יג).
63
The burnt offering, as [Leviticus 1:3] states:"If his is a burnt offering...."
סג
מעשה העולה, שנאמר "אם עולה קרבנו" (ויקרא א,ג).
64
The sin offering, as [Leviticus 6:18] states: "These are the laws of the sin offering...."
סד
מעשה חטאת, שנאמר "זאת תורת החטאת" (ויקרא ו,יח).
65
The guilt offering, as [Leviticus 7:1] states: "These are the laws of the guilt offering...."
סה
מעשה האשם, שנאמר "זאת תורת, האשם" (ויקרא ז,א).
66
The peace offering, as [Leviticus 7:11] states: "These are the laws of the peace offering...."
סו
מעשה זבח השלמים, שנאמר "וזאת תורת, זבח השלמים" (ויקרא ז,יא).
67
The meal offering, as [Leviticus 2:1] states: "When a person presents a meal offering...."
סז
מעשה המנחה, שנאמר "ונפש, כי תקריב קרבן מנחה" (ויקרא ב,א).
68
For the [High] Court to offer a sacrifice if it renders an erroneous decision, as [Leviticus 4:13] states: "If the entire congregation of Israel shall err...."
סח
להקריב בית דין קרבן אם טעו בהוראה, שנאמר "ואם כל עדת ישראל, ישגו" (ויקרא ד,יג).
69
For each individual to offer a sin offering if he unintentionally violates a negative commandment punishable by karet2, as [Leviticus 5:1] states: "When a person sins...."3
סט
להקריב היחיד קרבן חטאת אם שגג במצות לא תעשה שחייבים עליה כרת, שנאמר "ונפש כי תחטא" (ויקרא ה,א).
70
For an individual to offer a sacrifice if he is in doubt whether or not he transgressed a prohibition for which he would be liable for a sin offering, as [Leviticus 5:17-18] states: "If he does not know, he still bears responsibility...and he shall bring his guilt offering." This is referred to as "the conditional guilt offering."
ע
להקריב היחיד קרבן אם נסתפק לו אם חטא חטא שחייבים עליו חטאת או לא חטא, שנאמר "ולא ידע ואשם . . . והביא את אשמו" (ראה ויקרא ה,יז-יח); וזה הוא נקרא אשם תלוי.
71
For [the following individuals:] a person who unknowingly used sacred property, a person who sinned by stealing, one [who had relations with] a maidservant designated for another person, or one who denied possession of an entrusted object and took a [false] oath, to bring a guilt offering. This is referred to as "the unconditional guilt offering."4
עא
להקריב השוגג במעילה, או החוטא בגזילה, או בשפחה חרופה, או שכפר בפיקדון ונשבע; מביא קרבן אשם, וזה הוא הנקרא אשם ודאי.
72
To offer "the adjustable guilt offering" [as atonement for the violation of certain transgressions], as [Leviticus 5:1,11] states: "If his means are not sufficient.... If his means do not suffice...."
עב
להקריב קרבן עולה ויורד, שנאמר "ואם לא תגיע ידו" (ויקרא ה,ז), "ואם לא תשיג ידו" (ויקרא ה,יא).
73
For a person to confess before God for any sin which he has committed. [This applies] when he brings a sacrifice [for atonement] and when he does not bring a sacrifice, as [Numbers 5:6] states: "And they shall confess the sins that they committed."5
עג
להתוודות לפני ה' מכל חטא שיעשה האדם, בשעת הקרבן ושלא בשעת הקרבן, שנאמר "והתוודו, את חטאתם אשר עשו" (במדבר ה,ז).
74
For a zav to offer a sacrifice when he becomes purified [after his affliction], as [Leviticus 15:13] states: "When a zav will become pure...."
עד
להקריב הזב קרבן אחר שיטהר, שנאמר "וכי יטהר הזב, מזובו" (ויקרא טו,יג).
75
For a zavah to offer a sacrifice when she be-comes purified [after her affliction], as [Leviticus 15:28] states: "When she becomes pure from [the condition] of zavah...."
עה
להקריב הזבה קרבן אחר שתטהר, שנאמר "ואם טהרה, מזובה" (ויקרא טו,כח).
76
For a person afflicted with tzara’at to offer a sacrifice after he becomes purified, as [Leviticus 14:1] states: "On the eighth day, he shall take...."
עו
להקריב היולדת קרבן אחר שתטהר, שנאמר "ובמלאות ימי טוהרה" (ויקרא יב,ו).
77
For a woman who gave birth to offer a sacrifice after she becomes purified, as [Leviticus 12:6] states: "And after the conclusion of her pure days...."
עז
להקריב המצורע קרבן אחר שיטהר, שנאמר "וביום השמיני ייקח" (ויקרא יד,י).
78
To tithe one's herds, as [Leviticus 27:32] states: "And all the tithes of your cattle and sheep...."
עח
לעשר הבהמה, שנאמר "וכל מעשר בקר וצאן" (ויקרא כז,לב).
79
To sanctify the firstborn of a kosher animal and offer it as a sacrifice, as [Deuteronomy 15:19] states: "Every firstling which shall be born...."
עט
לקדש בכור הבהמה הטהורה ולהקריבו, שנאמר "כל הבכור אשר ייוולד" (דברים טו,יט).
80
To redeem firstborn sons, as [Numbers 18:15] states: "However, you must surely redeem first-born humans."
פ
לפדות בכור אדם, שנאמר "אך פדה תפדה, את בכור האדם" (במדבר יח,טו).
81
To redeem a firstling donkey, as [Exodus 34:20] states: "Redeem a firstling donkey with a sheep."
פא
לפדות פטר חמור, שנאמר "ופטר חמור תפדה בשה" (שמות לד,כ).
82
To decapitate a firstling donkey [which is not redeemed], as [Exodus 34:20] states: "If you do not redeem it, you must decapitate it."
פב
לערוף פטר חמור, שנאמר "ואם לא תפדה וערפתו" (שמות יג,יג; שמות לד,כ).
83
For a person to bring all the sacrifices for which he is liable, be they obligatory or voluntary offerings, on the first pilgrimage festival that occurs, as [Deuteronomy 12:5-6] states: "And you shall come there... and you shall bring there...."
פג
להביא כל הקרבנות שיש על האדם בחובה או בנדבה ברגל ראשון שפגע בו, שנאמר "ובאת שמה" (דברים יב,ה), "והבאתם שמה" (דברים יב,ו).
Note: We have marked with the letter “a” those mitzvot concerning which the Ramban (Nachmanides) differs with the Rambam in his Hasagot to Sefer HaMitzvot, and with the letter “b,” those mitzvot concerning which the Ra'avad, in his gloss to the Mishneh Torah, differs with the Rambam.
FOOTNOTES
1.There is a slight difficulty with the Rambam's statements: The verse cited refers to the sacrifices offered on Sukkot, and not those offered on Pesach. Perhaps the intended prooftext is Leviticus 23:8: "And you shall offer a burnt offering for God for seven days."
2.Karet refers to premature death at the hand of God, the death of one's children, and a severe spiritual punishment for the soul. (See Hilchot Teshuvah 8:1.)
3.. Though this prooftext is quoted in the printed editions of the Mishneh Torah, it appears to be an error, for the passage it introduces deals with the adjustable guilt offering (Positive Mitzvah 72). The verse which introduces the laws of the sin offerings is Leviticus 4:27: "If one person sins...."
4.. Perhaps the Rambam does not cite a specific prooftext for this mitzvah because there is a different passage in the Torah which deals with each of the guilt offerings which he mentions.
5.. Note that in Hilchot Teshuvah, the Rambam defines this mitzvah as return to God and repentance, a more encompassing service, of which confession is only one facet.(See Hilchot Teshuvah 2:2.)
Shabbat, 10 Tishrei 5778 / September 30, 2017
Rambam - 3 Chapters a Day
Part 1, Part 2, Part 3
Yehoshua B. Gordon - Rambam: Listing of Mitzvot Part 1 (38:46)
Watch Listen Download
Yehoshua B. Gordon - Rambam: Listing of Mitzvot Part 2 (55:48)
Yehoshua B. Gordon - Rambam: Listing of Mitzvot Part 3 (49:14)
Index: I have seen fit to divide...The book of Women (30:54)
Index: The book of holiness...The book of sacrifices (42:58)
Index: The book of Purity...with the help of G-d (30:17)
Part 1
The Division of the Mitzvot According to the Halachot of the
Mishneh Torah
I saw fit to divide this text into fourteen books.
וראיתי לחלק חיבור זה לארבעה עשר ספרים:
The first book - I will include within it all the mitzvot that are the foundations of the faith [taught by] Moses, our teacher, of blessed memory, those which a person must know before everything - e.g., the unity of God, blessed be He, and the prohibition against worshipping false gods. I have called this book The Book of Knowledge.
ספר ראשון. אכלול בו כל המצוות שהן עיקר דת משה רבנו, וצריך אדם לידע אותם תחילת הכול--כגון ייחוד שמו ברוך הוא, ואיסור עבודה זרה. וקראתי שם ספר זה ספר המדע.
The second book - I will include within it all the mitzvot that are constant and which were commanded to us so that we will love God and constantly remember Him - e.g., the recitation of the Shema, prayer, tefillin, and the priestly blessing. Circumcision is included in this category because it is a sign in our flesh to recall [God] constantly, during the times when we are not wearing tefillin, tzitzit, or the like. I have called this book The Book of Love.
ספר שני. אכלול בו המצוות שהן תדירות, שנצטווינו בהם כדי לאהוב את המקום ולזוכרו תמיד--כגון קרית שמע, ותפילה, ותפילין, וברכות; ומילה בכלל, לפי שהיא אות בבשרנו להזכיר תמיד בשעה שאין שם לא תפילין ולא ציצית וכיוצא בהן. וקראתי שם ספר זה ספר אהבה.
The third book - I will include within it all the mitzvot that are associated with specific times - e.g., the Sabbath and the festivals. I have called this book The Book of the Seasons.
ספר שלישי. אכלול בו כל המצוות שהן בזמנים ידועים--כגון שבת, ומועדות. וקראתי שם ספר זה ספר זמנים.
The fourth book - I will include within it all the mitzvot that involve intimate relations - e.g., marriage, divorce, yibbum, and chalitzah. I have called this book The Book of Women.
ספר רביעי. אכלול בו המצוות של בעילה--כגון קידושין וגירושין, וייבום וחליצה. וקראתי שם ספר זה ספר נשים.
The fifth book - I will include within it all the mitzvot that involve forbidden intimate relations and those that involve forbidden foods. [I have grouped the two (forbidden intimate relations and forbidden foods) together] because it is in these two matters that God has sanctified us and separated us from the [other] nations.
[The Torah mentions the concept of holiness] with regard to both these matters, stating [Leviticus 20:24, 27]: "[I am God, your Lord,] who has separated you from among the nations... and I have set you apart among the nations." [Accordingly,] I have called this book The Book of Holiness.
ספר חמישי. אכלול בו מצוות של ביאות אסורות, ומצוות של מאכלות אסורות--לפי שבשני עניינים האלו קידשנו המקום והבדילנו מן האומות בעריות ובמאכלות אסורות, ובשניהם נאמר "ואבדיל אתכם מן העמים" (ויקרא כ,כו), "אשר הבדלתי אתכם מן העמים" (ויקרא כ,כד). וקראתי שם ספר זה ספר קדושה.
The sixth book - I will include within it all the mitzvot that one is obligated in when he forbids himself [certain things] by his statements - e.g., vows and oaths. I have called this book The Book of Utterances.
ספר שישי. אכלול בו מצוות שיתחייב אדם בהן מי שאסר עצמו בדברים--כגון שבועות ונדרים. וקראתי שם ספר זה ספר הפלאה.
The seventh book - I will include within it all the mitzvot that deal with the produce of the earth - e.g., the Sabbatical and Jubilee years, the tithes, the terumot, and the other mitzvot which are relevant to this subject. I have called this book The Book of Agricultural [Laws].
ספר שביעי. אכלול בו מצוות שהם בזרע הארץ--כגון שמיטין ויובלות, ומעשרות ותרומות, ושאר מצוות הנכללים עימהן מעניינם. וקראתי שם ספר זה ספר זרעים.
The eighth book - I will include within it all the mitzvot that involve the construction of the Temple and the communal offerings that are brought regularly. I have called this book The Book of [the Temple and its] Service.
ספר שמיני. אכלול בו מצוות שהן בבניין מקדש וקרבנות ציבור התמידין. וקראתי שם ספר זה ספר עבודה.
The ninth book - I will include within it all the mitzvot that involve the sacrifices [brought by] individuals. I have called this book The Book of Sacrifices.
ספר תשיעי. אכלול בו מצוות שהן בקרבנות היחיד. וקראתי שם ספר זה ספר קרבנות.
The tenth book - I will include within it all the mitzvot that involve ritual purity and impurity. I have called this book The Book of Ritual Purity.
ספר עשירי. אכלול בו מצוות שהן בטהרות וטמאות. וקראתי שם ספר זה ספר טהרה.
The eleventh book - I will include within it all the mitzvot that [govern relations] between an individual and his colleague that involve damage to property or personal injury. I have called this book The Book of Damages.
ספר אחד עשר. אכלול בו מצוות שבין אדם לחברו, ויש בהם היזק תחילה בממון או בגוף. וקראתי שם ספר זה ספר נזקים.
The twelfth book - I will include within it all the mitzvot that govern sales and the acquisition [of property]. I have called this book The Book of Acquisition [of Property].
ספר שנים עשר. אכלול בו מצוות מכירה וקנייה. וקראתי שם ספר זה ספר קניין.
The thirteenth book - I will include within it all the mitzvot that [govern relations] between an individual and his colleague and do not involve damage at the outset - e.g., the laws of watchmen, debtors, claims lodged [against one another], and [their] denial. I have called this book The Book of Judgments.
ספר שלושה עשר. אכלול בו מצוות שבין אדם לחברו, בשאר דינין שאין בתחילתן היזק--כגון שומרין, ובעלי חובות, וטענות וכפירות. וקראתי שם ספר זה ספר משפטים.
The fourteenth book - I will include within it all the mitzvot that are delegated to the Sanhedrin - e.g., execution [when convicted by] the court, the acceptance of testimony, and the laws pertaining to a king and the wars he [wages]. I have called this book The Book of Judges.
ספר ארבעה עשר. אכלול בו מצוות שהן מסורין לסנהדרין--כגון מיתות בית דין, וקבלת עדות, ודין המלך ומלחמותיו. וקראתי שם ספר זה ספר שופטים.
These are [the governing principles for] the division of the Halachot of this text according to the subjects [treated in] the [different] books and the division of the mitzvot according to the subjects [treated in] the halachot.
The Listing of the Mitzvot According to the Halachot of the Mishneh Torah
וזה הוא חילוק הלכות של חיבור זה לפי ענייני הספרים, וחילוק המצוות לפי ענייני ההלכות.
Sefer HaMada- The Book of Knowledge
ספר המדע
It contains five halachot. They are, in order:
Hilchot Yesodei HaTorah - The Laws [which are] the Foundations of the Torah
Hilchot De'ot - The Laws of Personal Development
Hilchot Talmud Torah - The Laws of Torah Study
Hilchot Avodat Kochavim UMazalot V'Chukkot
HaAkum - The Laws [Governing the Prohibition against] the Worship of Stars and Spiritual Forces,and the Statutes of the Idolaters
Hilchot Teshuvah - The Laws of Teshuvah
הלכותיו חמש, וזה הוא סידורן: הלכות יסודי התורה, הלכות דעות, הלכות תלמוד תורה, הלכות עבודה זרה וחוקות הגויים, הלכות תשובה.
Hilchot Yesodei HaTorah - The Laws [which are] the Foundations of the Torah
They contain ten mitzvot:
Six positive commandments and four negative commandments.
They are:
1. To know that there is a God
2. Not to consider the thought that there is another
divinity aside from God
3. To unify Him
4. To love Him
5. To fear Him
6. To sanctify His name
7. Not to profane God's name
8. Not to destroy those things associated with His name
9. To listen to a prophet who speaks in [God's] name
10. Not to test God.
הלכות יסודי התורה. יש בכללן עשר מצוות--שש מצוות עשה, וארבע מצוות לא תעשה; וזה הוא פרטן: (א) לידע שיש שם אלוה; (ב) שלא יעלה במחשבה שיש שם אלוה זולתי ה'; (ג) לייחדו; (ד) לאוהבו; (ה) ליראה ממנו; (ו) לקדש שמו; (ז) שלא לחלל את שמו; (ח) שלא לאבד דברים שנקרא שמו עליהם; (ט) לשמוע מן הנביא המדבר בשמו; (י) שלא לנסותו.
Hilchot De'ot
The Laws of Personal Development
They contain eleven mitzvot:
Five positive commandments and six negative com-
mandments.
They are:
1. To emulate His ways
2. To cling to those who know Him
3. To love one's fellow Jews
4. To love the converts
5. Not to hate one's [Jewish] brethren
6. To rebuke
7. Not to embarrass
8. Not to oppress the unfortunate
9. Not to gossip
10. Not to take vengeance
11. Not to bear a grudge.
הלכות דעות. יש בכללן אחת עשרה מצוות--חמש מצוות עשה, ושש מצוות לא תעשה; וזה הוא פרטן: (א) להידמות בדרכיו; (ב) להידבק ביודעיו; (ג) לאהוב את הריעים; (ד) לאהוב את הגרים; (ה) שלא לשנוא אחים; (ו) להוכיח; (ז) שלא להלבין פנים; (ח) שלא לענות אמיללין; (ט) שלא לילך רכיל; (י) שלא לנקום; (יא) שלא לנטור.
Hilchot Talmud Torah
The Laws of Torah Study
They contain two mitzvot:
1. To study Torah
2. To honor those who study it and know it.
הלכות תלמוד תורה. יש בכללן שתי מצוות עשה: (א) ללמוד תורה; (ב) לכבד מלמדיה ויודעיה.
Hilchot Avodat Kochavim V'Chukkot HaAkum
The Laws of [Governing the Prohibition against]
the Worship of Stars and the Statutes of the
Idolaters
They contain 51 mitzvot:
Two positive commandments and forty nine negative commandments.
They are:
1. Not to show interest in the worship of false gods
2. Not to stray after the thoughts of one's heart or the sights one's eyes behold
3. Not to curse [God]
4. Not to worship [false gods] with the types of service with which they are customarily served
5. Not to bow down to [false gods]
6. Not to make an idol for oneself
7. Not to make an idol even for others
8. Not to make images even for decoration
9. Not to entice others to [worship false gods]
10. To burn an apostate city
11. Never to rebuild it
12. Not to receive benefit from any of its property
13. Not to persuade a single individual to worship [false gods]
14. Not to love a mesit
15. Not to reduce one's hatred for him
16. Not to save his life
17. Not to advance any arguments on his behalf
18. Not to withhold information that will lead to his conviction
19. Not to prophesy in the name of [false gods]
20. Not to listen to anyone who prophesies in the name of [false gods]
21. Not to give false prophecy even in the name of God
22. Not to fear executing a false prophet
23. Not to swear in the name of a false god
24. Not to perform the deeds associated with an ov
25. Not to perform the deeds associated with a yid'oni
26. Not to offer to Molech
27. Not to erect a pillar [for purposes of worship]
28. Not to prostrate oneself on hewn stones
29. Not to plant an asherah
30. To destroy false gods and all their objects of worship
31. Not to benefit from false gods and all their objects of worship
32. Not to benefit from ornaments that have adorned false gods
33. Not to establish a covenant with nations who worship false gods
34. Not to show them favor
35. Not to allow them to settle in our land
36. Not to follow their customs or manner of dress
37. Not to act as a soothsayer
38. Not to practice black magic
39. Not to practice divination
40. Not to cast spells
41. Not to seek information from the dead
42. Not to consult an ov
43. Not to consult a yid'oni
44. Not to practice sorcery
45. Not to shave the temples of our heads
46. Not to shave off the corners of our beards
47. For a man not to wear a woman's apparel
48. For a woman not to wear a man's apparel
49. Not to tattoo [our bodies]
50. Not to make cuts in our flesh
51. Not to tear out hair [in mourning] for the dead.
הלכות עבודה זרה וחוקות הגויים. יש בכללן אחת וחמישים מצוות--שתי מצוות שה, ותשע וארבעים מצוות לא תעשה; וזה הוא פרטן: (א) שלא לפנות אחר עבודה זרה; (ב) שלא לתור אחר הרהור הלב וראיית העיניים; (ג) שלא לגדף; (ד) שלא יעבוד אותה כדרך עבודתה; (ה) שלא ישתחווה לה; (ו) שלא לעשות פסל לעצמו; (ז) שלא לעשות פסל אפילו לאחרים; (ח) שלא לעשות צורות ואפילו לנואי; (ט) שלא להדיח אחרים אחריה; (י) לשרוף עיר הנידחת; (יא) שלא לבנותה; (יב) שלא ליהנות מכל ממונה; (יג) שלא להסית יחיד לעובדה; (יד) שלא לאהוב המסית; (טו) שלא לעזוב שנאתו; (טז) שלא להצילו; (יז) שלא ללמד עליו זכות; (יח) שלא יימנע מללמד עליו חובה; (יט) שלא להתנבא בשמה; (כ) שלא לשמוע מן המתנבא בשמה; (כא) שלא להתנבא בשקר, ואפילו בשם ה'; (כב) שלא לגור מהריגת נביא שקר; (כג) שלא לישבע בשם עבודה זרה; (כד) שלא לעשות אוב; (כה) שלא לעשות יידעוני; (כו) שלא להעביר למולך; (כז) שלא להקים מצבה; (כח) שלא להשתחוות על אבן משכית; (כט) שלא ליטע אשרה; (ל) לאבד עבודה זרה וכל הנעשה בשבילה; (לא) שלא ליהנות בעבודה זרה ובכל משמשיה; (לב) שלא ליהנות בציפויי נעבד; (לג) שלא לכרות ברית לעובדי עבודה זרה; (לד) שלא לחון עליהם; (לה) שלא יישבו בארצנו; (לו) שלא לנהוג כמנהגותיהם וכמלבושיהם; (לז) שלא לנחש; (לח) שלא לקסום; (לט) שלא לעונן; (מ) שלא לחבור חבר; (מא) שלא לדרוש אל המתים; (מב) שלא לשאול באוב; (מג) שלא לשאול ביידעוני; (מד) שלא לכשף; (מה) שלא להקיף פיאת ראש; (מו) שלא להשחית פיאת הזקן; (מז) שלא יעדה איש עדי אישה; (מח) שלא תעדה אישה עדי איש; (מט) שלא לכתוב קעקע; (נ) שלא להתגודד; (נא) שלא לעשות קורחה על מת.
Hilchot Teshuvah
The Laws of Teshuvah
[They contain] one mitzvah, that a sinner should repent before God from his sin and confess.
הלכות תשובה. מצות עשה אחת, והוא שישוב החוטא מחטאו לפני ה', ויתוודה.
Thus, this book contains a total of 75 mitzvot: 16 positive commandments and 59 negative commandments.
נמצאו כל המצוות הנכללות בספר זה, חמש ושבעים--שש עשרה מהן מצוות עשה, ותשע וחמישים מצוות לא תעשה.
Sefer Ahavah
The Book of Love
ספר אהבה
It contains six halachot. They are, in order:
Hilchot Kri'at Shema - The Laws of the Recitation of the Shema
Hilchot Tefillah U'Virkat Kohanim - The Laws of Prayer and the Priestly Blessing
Hilchot Tefillin UM'zuzah V'Sefer Torah - The Laws of Tefillin, Mezuzot, and Torah Scrolls
Hilchot Tzitzit - The Laws of Tzitzit
Hilchot Berachot - The Laws of Blessings
Hilchot Milah - The Laws of Circumcision
הלכותיו שש, וזה הוא סידורן: הלכות קרית שמע, הלכות תפילה וברכת כוהנים, הלכות תפילין ומזוזה וספר תורה, הלכות ציצית, הלכות ברכות, הלכות מילה.
Hilchot Kri'at Shema
The Laws of the Recitation of the Shema
[They contain] one positive commandment, to recite the Shema twice daily.
הלכות קרית שמע. מצות עשה אחת, והיא לקרות קרית שמע פעמיים ביום.
Hilchot Tefillah U'Virkat Kohanim
The Laws of Prayer and the Priestly Blessing
They contain two positive commandments:
1. To serve God in prayer each day
2. For the priests to bless the Jews each day.
הלכות תפילה וברכת כוהנים. יש בכללן שתי מצוות עשה: (א) לעבוד את ה' בתפילה בכל יום; (ב) לברך כוהנים את ישראל בכל יום.
Hilchot Tefillin UM'zuzah V'Sefer Torah
The Laws of Tefillin, Mezuzot, and Torah Scrolls
They contain five positive commandments. They are:
1. To [place] tefillin on the head
2. To tie them on the arm
3. To affix a mezuzah at the entrance of our gateways
4. For a man to write a Torah scroll for himself
5. For a king to write a second Torah scroll for himself, so that he will have two Torah scrolls.
הלכות תפילין ומזוזה וספר תורה. יש בכללן חמש מצוות עשה; וזה הוא פרטן: (א) להיות תפילין על הראש; (ב) לקושרם על היד; (ג) לקבוע מזוזה בפתחי השערים; (ד) לכתוב כל איש ספר תורה לעצמו; (ה) לכתוב המלך ספר שני לעצמו כדי שיהיה לו שני ספרי תורה.
Hilchot Tzitzit
The Laws of Tzitzit
[They contain] one positive commandment, to tie tzitzit to the fringes of our garments.
הלכות ציצית. מצות עשה אחת, והיא לעשות ציצית על כנפי הכסות.
Hilchot Berachot
The Laws of Blessings
[They contain] one positive commandment, to bless His name after eating.
הלכות ברכות. מצות עשה אחת, והיא לברך את שמו אחר אכילה.
Hilchot Milah
The Laws of Circumcision
[They contain] one positive commandment, to circumcise males on the eighth day.
הלכות מילה. מצות עשה אחת, והיא למול את הזכרים ביום השמיני.
Thus, this book contains a total of eleven positive commandments.
נמצאו כל המצוות הנכללות בספר זה, אחת עשרה מצוות עשה.
Sefer Zemanim
The Book of Seasons
ספר זמנים
It contains ten halachot. They are, in order:
Hilchot Shabbat - The Laws of the Sabbath
Hilchot Eruvin - The Laws of Eruvin
Hilchot Sh'vitat Asor - The Laws of Resting on the Tenth Day [Yom Kippur]
Hilchot Sh'vitat Yom Tov - The Laws of Resting on Holidays
Hilchot Chametz UMatzah - The Laws of Chametz and Matzah
Hilchot Shofar V'Sukkah V'Lulav - The Laws of Shofar, Sukkah, and Lulav
Hilchot Shekalim - The Laws of the [Half-] Shekel Hilchot Kiddush HaChodesh - The Laws of the Sanctification of the New Month
Hilchot Ta'aniot - The Laws of Fasts
Hilchot Megillah V'Chanukah - The Laws of the Megillah and of Chanukah
הלכותיו עשר, וזה הוא סידורן: הלכות שבת, הלכות עירובין, הלכות שביתת עשור, הלכות שביתת יום טוב, הלכות חמץ ומצה, הלכות שופר וסוכה ולולב, הלכות שקלים, הלכות קידוש החודש, הלכות תענייות, הלכות מגילה וחנוכה.
Hilchot Shabbat
The Laws of the Sabbath
They contain five mitzvot:
Two positive commandments and three negative commandments.
They are:
1. To rest on the seventh [day]
2. Not to do work on it
3. [For the court] not to inflict punishment on the Sabbath
4. Not to travel beyond the limits [of one's place] on the Sabbath
5. To sanctify the day by remembering it.
הלכות שבת. יש בכללן חמש מצוות--שתי מצוות עשה, ושלוש מצוות לא תעשה; וזה הוא פרטן: (א) לשבות בשביעי; (ב) שלא לעשות בו מלאכה; (ג) שלא לענוש בשבת; (ד) שלא לצאת חוץ לגבול בשבת; (ה) לקדש היום בזכירה.
Hilchot Eruvin
The Laws of Eruvin
[They contain] one positive commandment, which is Rabbinic in origin and is not included among [the 613 commandments of the Torah].
הלכות עירובין. מצות עשה אחת, והיא מדברי סופרים ואינה מן המניין.
Hilchot Sh'vitat Asor
The Laws of Resting on the Tenth Day [Yom Kippur]
They contain three mitzvot:
Two positive commandments and two negative commandments:
1. To rest on this day
2. Not to do work on it
3. To fast on this day
4. Not to eat or drink on it.
הלכות שביתת עשור. יש בכללן ארבע מצוות--שתי מצוות עשה, ושתי מצוות לא תעשה; וזה הוא פרטן: (א) לשבות בו ממלאכה; (ב) שלא לעשות בו מלאכה; (ג) להתענות בו; (ד) שלא לאכול ולשתות בו.
Hilchot Sh'vitat Yom Tov
The Laws of Resting on Holidays
They contain twelve mitzvot:
Six positive commandments and six negative commandments.
They are:
1. To rest on the first day of Pesach
2. Not to work on that day
3. To rest on the seventh day of Pesach
4. Not to work on that day
5. To rest on the holiday of Shavuot
6. Not to work on that day
7. To rest on the first day of Rosh HaShanah
8. Not to work on that day
9. To rest on the first day of the festival of Sukkot
10. Not to work on that day
11. To rest on the eighth day of the festival [of Sukkot]
12. Not to work on that day.
הלכות שביתת יום טוב. יש בכללן שתים עשרה מצוות--שש מצוות עשה, ושש מצוות לא תעשה; וזה הוא פרטן: (א) לשבות בראשון של פסח; (ב) שלא לעשות בו מלאכה; (ג) לשבות בשביעי של פסח; (ד) שלא לעשות בו מלאכה; (ה) לשבות ביום חג השבועות; (ו) שלא לעשות בו מלאכה; (ז) לשבות בראש השנה; (ח) שלא לעשות בו מלאכה; (ט) לשבות בראשון של חג הסוכות; (י) שלא לעשות בו מלאכה; (יא) לשבות בשמיני של חג; (יב) שלא לעשות בו מלאכה.
Hilchot Chametz UMatzah
The Laws of Chametz and Matzah
They contain eight mitzvot:
Three positive commandments and five negative commandments.
They are:
1. Not to eat chametz on the fourteenth [of Nisan] from noontime onwards
2. To destroy leaven on the fourteenth [of Nisan]
3. Not to eat chametz for all seven days [of Pesach]
4. Not to eat a mixture containing chametz for all [these] seven days
5. For chametz not to be seen [in one's possession] for all [these] seven days
6. For chametz not to be found [in one's possession] for all [these] seven days
7. To eat matzah on the night of Pesach
8. To tell the story of the exodus from Egypt on that night.
הלכות חמץ ומצה. יש בכללן שמונה מצוות--שלוש מצוות עשה, וחמש מצוות לא תעשה; וזה הוא פרטן: (א) שלא לאכול חמץ ביום ארבעה עשר מחצות היום ולמעלה; (ב) להשבית שאור מארבעה עשר; (ג) שלא לאכול חמץ כל שבעה; (ד) שלא לאכול תערובת חמץ כל שבעה; (ה) שלא ייראה חמץ כל שבעה; (ו) שלא יימצא חמץ כל שבעה; (ז) לאכול מצה בלילי הפסח; (ח) לספר ביציאת מצריים באותו הלילה.
Hilchot Shofar V'Sukkah V'Lulav
The Laws of Shofar, Sukkah, and Lulav
They contain three positive commandments: They are:
1. To hear the sounding of the shofar on the first of Tishrei
2. To dwell in a sukkah for the seven days of that festival
3. To take the lulav in the Temple on all the seven days of the festival.
הלכות שופר וסוכה ולולב. יש בכללן שלוש מצוות עשה; וזה הוא פרטן: (א) לשמוע קול שופר באחד בתשרי; (ב) לישב בסוכה שבעת ימי החג; (ג) ליטול לולב במקדש כל שבעת ימי החג.
Hilchot Shekalim
The Laws of the [Half-] Shekel
[They contain] one positive commandment, for each man to give a half-shekel each year.
הלכות שקלים. מצות עשה אחת, והיא ליתן כל איש מחצית השקל בכל שנה.
Hilchot Kiddush HaChodesh
The Laws of the Sanctification of the New Month
[They contain] one positive commandment, to calculate, know, and appoint the day on which each of the months of the year begin.
הלכות קידוש החודש. מצות עשה אחת, והיא לחשוב ולידע ולקבוע באיזה יום הוא תחילת כל חודש וחודש מחודשי השנה.
Hilchot Ta'aniot
The Laws of Fasts
[They contain] one positive commandment, to fast and call out before God at times of great communal distress.
הלכות תענייות. מצות עשה אחת, והיא להתענות ולזעוק לפני ה' בעת כל צרה גדולה שתבוא על הציבור.
Hilchot Megillah V'Chanukah
The Laws of the Megillah and of Chanukah
They contain two positive commandments, which are Rabbinic in origin and are not included among [the 613 commandments of the Torah].
הלכות מגילה וחנוכה. יש בכללן שתי מצוות עשה מדברי סופרים, ואינם מן המניין.
Thus, this book contains a total of 35 of the Torah's commandments: 19 positive commandments and 16 negative commandments. It also contains three commandments which are Rabbinic in origin.
נמצאו כל המצוות של תורה הנכללות בספר זה, חמש ושלושים--תשע עשרה מהן מצוות עשה, ושש עשרה מצוות לא תעשה; ויש בו שלוש מצוות מדברי סופרים.
Sefer Nashim
The Book of Women
ספר נשים
It contains five halachot. They are, in order:
Hilchot Ishut - The Laws of Marriage
Hilchot Gerushin - The Laws of Divorce
Hilchot Yibbum Va'Chalitzah - The Laws of Yibbum and Chalitzah
Hilchot Na'arah Betulah - The Laws Pertaining to a Virgin Maiden
Hilchot Sotah - The Laws Pertaining to a Sotah
הלכותיו חמש, וזה הוא סידורן: הלכות אישות, הלכות גירושין, הלכות ייבום וחליצה, הלכות נערה בתולה, הלכות סוטה.
Hilchot Ishut
The Laws of Marriage
They contain four mitzvot:
Two positive commandments and two negative commandments.
They are:
1. To marry a woman with a marriage contract and a marriage ceremony
2. Not to engage in sexual relations with a woman without a marriage contract and a marriage ceremony
3. Not to withhold living expenses, clothing, and conjugal rights [from one's wife]
4. To be fruitful and multiply with her.
הלכות אישות. יש בכללן ארבע מצוות--שתי מצוות עשה, ושתי מצוות לא תעשה; וזה הוא פרטן: (א) לישא אישה בכתובה וקידושין; (ב) שלא תיבעל אישה בלא כתובה וקידושין; (ג) שלא ימנע שאר כסות ועונה; (ד) לפרות ולרבות ממנה.
Hilchot Gerushin
The Laws of Divorce
They contain two mitzvot:
1. A positive commandment, for a man to divorce [his wife] with a get
2. For a man who divorces his wife not to remarry her after she has married another person.
הלכות גירושין. יש בכללן שתי מצוות: (א) מצות עשה, והוא שיגרש המגרש בספר; (ב) שלא יחזיר גרושתו משנישאת.
Hilchot Yibbum Va'Chalitzah
The Laws of Yibbum andChalitzah They contain three mitzvot:
Two positive commandments and one negative commandment.
They are:
1. To perform yibbum
2. To perform chalitzah
3. For a yevamah not to marry another person until she is absolved of her obligation to the yavam.
הלכות ייבום וחליצה. יש בכללן שלוש מצוות--שתי מצוות עשה, ואחת מצות לא תעשה; וזה הוא פרטן: (א) לייבם; (ב) לחלוץ; (ג) שלא תינשא יבמה לאיש זר עד שתסור רשות היבם מעליה.
Hilchot Na'arah Betulah
The Laws Pertaining to a Virgin Maiden
They contain five mitzvot:
Three positive commandments and two negative commandments.
They are:
1. To fine one who seduces a woman
2. For a rapist to marry the woman he rapes
3. For a rapist never to divorce [his wife]
4. For a woman whose husband made defamatory remarks about her to remain married to him forever
5. For a husband who made defamatory remarks about his wife never to divorce her.
הלכות נערה בתולה. יש בכללן חמש מצוות--שלוש מצוות עשה, ושתי מצוות לא תעשה; וזה הוא פרטן: (א) לקנוס המפתה; (ב) שיישא האונס אנוסתו; (ג) שלא יגרש האונס; (ד) שתשב אשת מוציא שם רע תחת בעלה לעולם; (ה) שלא יגרש מוציא שם רע את אשתו.
Hilchot Sotah
The Laws Pertaining to a Sotah
They contain three mitzvot:
One positive commandment and two negative commandments.
They are:
1. To perform the ritual associated with [the testing of] a Sotah, [a woman who aroused her husband's] jealousy, as prescribed by the Torah
2. Not to place oil on her sacrifice
3. Not to place frankincense on her sacrifice.
הלכות סוטה. יש בכללן שלוש מצוות--אחת מצות עשה, ושתיים מצוות לא תעשה; וזה הוא פרטן: (א) לעשות לסוטה כתורת הקנאות הסדורה בתורה; (ב) שלא ליתן שמן על קרבנה; (ג) שלא ליתן עליו לבונה.
Thus, this book contains a total of 17 of the Torah's commandments: nine positive commandments and eight negative commandments.
נמצאו כל המצוות הנכללות בספר זה, שבע עשרה--מהן תשע מצוות עשה, ושמונה מצוות לא תעשה.
Part 2
Sefer Kedushah
The Book of Holiness
ספר קדושה
It contains three halachot. They are, in order:
Hilchot Issurei Bi'ah - The Laws of Forbidden Intimate Relations
Hilchot Ma'achalot Asurot - The Laws of Forbidden Foods
Hilchot Shechitah - The Laws of Ritual Slaughter.
הלכותיו שלוש, וזה הוא סידורן: הלכות איסורי ביאה, הלכות מאכלות אסורות, הלכות שחיטה.
Hilchot Issurei Bi'ah
The Laws of Forbidden Intimate Relations
They contain 37 mitzvot: One positive commandment, the remainder being negative commandments.
They are:
1. Not to have intimate relations with one's mother
2. Not to have relations with one's father's wife
3. Not to have relations with one's sister
4. Not to have relations with one's father's wife's daughter
5. Not to have relations with one's son's daughter
6. Not to have relations with one's daughter
7. Not to have relations with one's daughter's daughter
8. Not to marry a woman and her daughter
9. Not to marry a woman and her son's daughter
10. Not to marry a woman and her daughter's daughter
11. Not to have relations with one's father's sister
12. Not to have relations with one's mother's sister
13. Not to have relations with one's father's brother's wife
14. Not to have relations with one's son's wife
15. Not to have relations with one's brother's wife
16. Not to have relations with one's wife's sister
17. Not to have relations with an animal
18. For a woman not to have relations with an animal
19. [For a man] not to have relations with another man
20. Not to have relations with one's father
21. Not to have relations with one's father's brother
22. Not to have relations with a married woman
23. Not to have relations with [a woman in the] niddah state
24. Not to marry a gentile
25. For an Ammonite [convert] or a Moabite [convert not to marry, among the Jewish people
26. Not to prevent a third generation Egyptian [convert] from marrying among the Jewish people
27. Not to prevent a third generation Edomite [convert] from marrying among the Jewish people from marrying among the Jewish people
28. Not to allow a mamzer to marry among the Jewish people
29. Not to allow a castrated man to marry among the Jewish people
30. Not to castrate a male, even an animal, beast, or bird
31. For a High Priest not to marry a widow
32. For a High Priest not to have intimate relations with a widow even outside the context of marriage
33. A positive commandment for a High Priest to marry a virgin maiden
34. For a priest not to marry a divorcee
35. [For a priest] not to marry an immoral woman (a zonah)
36. [For a priest] not to marry a chalalah
37. For a man not to be intimate with a woman with whom sexual relations are forbidden, even when no sex is involved.
הלכות איסורי ביאה. יש בכללן שבע ושלושים מצוות--אחת מצות עשה, ושש ושלושים מצוות לא תעשה; וזה הוא פרטן: (א) שלא לבוא על האם; (ב) שלא לבוא על אשת אב; (ג) שלא לבעול אחות; (ד) שלא לבעול בת אשת אב; (ה) שלא לבעול בת הבן; (ו) שלא לבעול בת; (ז) שלא לבעול בת הבת; (ח) שלא לישא אישה ובתה; (ט) שלא לישא אישה ובת בנה; (י) שלא לישא אישה ובת בתה; (יא) שלא לבעול אחות אב; (יב) שלא לבעול אחות אם; (יג) שלא לבעול אשת אחי האב; (יד) שלא לבעול אשת הבן; (טו) שלא לבעול אשת אח; (טז) שלא לבעול אחות אשתו; (יז) שלא לשכב עם בהמה; (יח) שלא תביא אישה בהמה עליה; (יט) שלא לשכב עם זכר; (כ) שלא לגלות ערוות אב; (כא) שלא לגלות ערוות אחי האב; (כב) שלא לבעול אשת איש; (כג) שלא לבעול נידה; (כד) שלא להתחתן בגויים; (כה) שלא יבוא עמוני ומואבי בקהל; (כו) שלא להרחיק דור שלישי מצרי מלבוא בקהל; (כז) שלא להרחיק דור שלישי אדומי מלבוא בקהל; (כח) שלא יבוא ממזר בקהל; (כט) שלא יבוא סריס בקהל; (ל) שלא לסרס זכר, ואפילו בהמה חיה ועוף; (לא) שלא יישא כוהן גדול אלמנה; (לב) שלא יבעול כוהן גדול אלמנה, אפילו בלא נישואין; (לג) שיישא כוהן גדול בתולה בנערותה; (לד) שלא יישא כוהן גרושה; (לה) שלא יישא זונה; (לו) שלא יישא חללה; (לז) שלא יקרב אדם לאחת מכל העריות, ואפילו שלא בעל.
Hilchot Ma'achalot Asurot
The Laws of Forbidden Foods
They contain 28 mitzvot:
Four positive commandments and 24 negative commandments.
They are:
1. To check the signs [which] differentiate kosher animals and beasts from those which are not kosher
2. To check the signs [which] differentiate kosher fowl from those which are not kosher
3. To check the signs [which] differentiate kosher fish from those which are not kosher
4. To check the signs [which] differentiate kosher locusts from those which are not kosher
5. Not to eat non-kosher animals and beasts
6. Not to eat non-kosher fowl
7. Not to eat non-kosher fish
8. Not to eat flying insects
9. Not to eat insects that breed on land
10. Not to eat anything that creeps on the earth
11. Not to eat worms that breed in produce after they emerge on land
12. Not to eat swarming creatures that breed in water
13. Not to eat carrion
14. Not to derive benefit from an ox that was executed by stoning
15. Not to eat an animal with a mortal affliction (trefah)
16. Not to eat a limb from a living animal
17. Not to consume blood
18. Not to partake of the [hard] fat of a kosher animal
19. Not to eat the displaced sciatic nerve
20. Not to eat meat and milk [together]
21. Not to cook them together
22. Not to eat bread made from newly grown produce [before Pesach]
23. Not to eat roasted grain newly grown produce [before Pesach]
24. Not to eat fresh grain newly grown produce [before Pesach]
25. Not to eat orlah
26. Not to eat mixed species planted in a vineyard
27. Not to eat tevel
28. Not to drink wine used for idolatrous libations.
הלכות מאכלות אסורות. יש בכללן שמונה ועשרים מצוות--ארבע מצוות עשה, וארבע ועשרים מצוות לא תעשה; וזה הוא פרטן: (א) לבדוק בסימני בהמה וחיה להבדיל בין טמאה לטהורה; (ב) לבדוק בסימני העוף להבדיל בין טמא לטהור; (ג) לבדוק בסימני חגבים להבדיל בין טמא לטהור; (ד) לבדוק בסימני דגים להבדיל בין טמא לטהור; (ה) שלא לאכול בהמה וחיה טמאה; (ו) שלא לאכול עוף טמא; (ז) שלא לאכול דגים טמאים; (ח) שלא לאכול שרץ העוף; (ט) שלא לאכול שרץ הארץ; (י) שלא לאכול רמש הארץ; (יא) שלא לאכול תולעת הפירות כשתצא לארץ; (יב) שלא לאכול שרץ המים; (יג) שלא לאכול נבילה; (יד) שלא ליהנות בשור הנסקל; (טו) שלא לאכול טריפה; (טז) שלא לאכול אבר מן החי; (יז) שלא לאכול דם; (יח) שלא לאכול חלב בהמה טהורה; (יט) שלא לאכול גיד הנשה; (כ) שלא לאכול בשר בחלב; (כא) שלא לבשלו; (כב) שלא לאכול לחם תבואה חדשה; (כג) שלא לאכול קלי מן החדש; (כד) שלא לאכול כרמל מן החדש; (כה) שלא לאכול עורלה; (כו) שלא לאכול כלאי הכרם; (כז) שלא לאכול טבל; (כח) שלא לשתות יין נסך.
Hilchot Shechitah
The Laws of Ritual Slaughter
They contain five mitzvot:
Three positive commandments and two negative commandments.
They are:
1. To slaughter an animal, and then to eat it
2. Not to slaughter an animal and its offspring on the same day
3. To cover the blood of [slaughtered] beasts and fowl
4. Not to take a mother [bird] together with its young
5. To send away the mother when taking her with her young.
הלכות שחיטה. יש בכללן חמש מצוות--שלוש מצוות עשה, ושתיים מצוות לא תעשה; וזה הוא פרטן: (א) לשחוט ואחר כך יאכל; (ב) שלא לשחוט אותו ואת בנו ביום אחד; (ג) לכסות דם חיה ועוף; (ד) שלא ליקח האם על הבנים; (ה) לשלח האם, אם לקחה על הבנים.
Thus, this book contains a total of 70 mitzvot: eight positive commandments and 62 negative commandments.
נמצאו כל המצוות הנכללות בספר זה, שבעים--מהם שמונה מצוות עשה, ושתיים ושישים מצוות לא תעשה.
Sefer Hafla'ah
The Book of Utterances
ספר הפלאה
It contains four halachot. They are, in order:
Hilchot Sh'vuot - The Laws of Oaths
Hilchot Nedarim - The Laws of Vows
Hilchot Nazirut - The Laws of Nazarites
Hilchot Arachin V'Charamim - The Laws of Endowment Evaluations and Devotion Offerings.
הלכותיו ארבע, וזה הוא סידורן: הלכות שבועות, הלכות נדרים, הלכות נזירות, הלכות ערכין וחרמים.
Hilchot Sh'vuot
The Laws of Oaths
They contain five mitzvot:
One positive commandment and four negative commandments.
They are:
1. Not to swear in [God's] name falsely
2. Not to take [God's] name in vain
3. Not to deny [having received] an entrusted object
4. Not to swear [falsely] when denying financial obligations
5. To swear truly in [God's] name.
הלכות שבועות. יש בכללן חמש מצוות--אחת מצות עשה, וארבע מצוות לא תעשה; וזה הוא פרטן: (א) שלא לישבע בשמו לשקר; (ב) שלא לישא את שמו לשוא; (ג) שלא לכפור בפיקדון; (ד) שלא לישבע על כפירת ממון; (ה) לישבע בשמו באמת.
Hilchot Nedarim
The Laws of Vows
They contain three mitzvot:
Two positive commandments and one negative commandment.
They are:
1. To fulfill one's word and observe a vow which one takes
2. Not to violate one's word
3. To nullify a vow or an oath. This is the law of nullifications of vows, as explicitly stated in the Torah.
הלכות נדרים. יש בכללן שלוש מצוות--שתיים מצוות עשה, ואחת מצות לא תעשה; וזה הוא פרטן: (א) שישמור מוצא שפתיו ויעשה כמו שנדר; (ב) שלא יחל דברו; (ג) שיופר הנדר או השבועה, וזה הוא דין הפר נדרים המפורש בתורה שבכתב.
Hilchot Nazir
The Laws of Nazarites
They contain ten mitzvot:
Two positive commandments and eight negative commandments.
They are:
1. For a nazir to let his hair grow long
2. For a nazir not cut his hair throughout the duration of his vow
3. [For a nazir] not to drink wine or a mixture of wine even after it has become vinegar
4. [For a nazir] not to eat fresh grapes
5. [For a nazir] not to eat raisins
6. [For a nazir] not to eat grape seeds
7. [For a nazir] not to eat grape peels
8. [For a nazir] not to enter the place of a corpse
9. [For a nazir] not to become impure because of a corpse
10. [For a nazir] to shave [his hair] over his sacrifices when he completes his nazirite [vow] or if he becomes impure.
הלכות נזירות. יש בכללן עשר מצוות--שתיים מצוות עשה, ושמונה מצוות לא תעשה; וזה הוא פרטן: (א) שיגדל הנזיר פרע; (ב) שלא יגלח שיערו כל ימי נזרו; (ג) שלא ישתה הנזיר יין ולא תערובת יין, ואפילו חומץ שלהן; (ד) שלא יאכל ענבים לחים; (ה) שלא יאכל צימוקין; (ו) שלא יאכל חרצנים; (ז) שלא יאכל זוגים; (ח) שלא ייכנס לאוהל המת; (ט) שלא ייטמא למתים; (י) שיגלח על הקרבנות, כשישלים נזירותו או כשייטמא.
Hilchot Arachin V'Charamim
The Laws of Endowment Valuations and Devo‑
tion Offerings
They contain seven mitzvot:
Five positive commandments and two negative commandments.
They are:
1. To carry out the judgment concerning the endowment valuation of a person, as prescribed by the Torah. These are the laws of the endowment valuations of humans.
2. The laws of the endowment valuations of animals
3. The laws of the endowment valuations of houses
4. The laws of the endowment valuations of fields
5. The laws governing a person who makes a devoted offering of his property
6. For property [given as] a devotion offering not to be sold
7. For property [given as] a devotion offering not to be redeemed.
הלכות ערכין וחרמים. יש בכללן שבע מצוות--חמש מצוות עשה, ושתיים מצוות לא תעשה; וזה הוא פרטן: (א) לדון בערכי אדם כאשר מפורש בתורה, וזה הוא דין ערכי אדם; (ב) דין ערכי בהמה; (ג) דין ערכי בתים; (ד) דין ערכי שדות; (ה) דין מחרים נכסיו; (ו) שלא יימכר חרם; (ז) שלא ייגאל חרם.
Thus, this book contains a total of 25 mitzvot: 10 positive commandments and 15 negative commandments.
נמצאו כל המצוות הנכללות בספר זה, חמש ועשרים--עשר מהן מצוות עשה, וחמש עשרה מצוות לא תעשה.
Sefer Zera'im
The Book of Agricultural [Laws]
ספר זרעים
It contains seven halachot. They are, in order: Hilchot Kilayim - The Laws of Mixing Forbidden Species
Hilchot Matnot Ani'im - The Laws of the Gifts to be Given to the Poor
Hilchot Terumot - The Laws of Terumah
Hilchot Ma'asrot - The Laws of Tithes
Hilchot Ma'aser Sheni V'Neta Reva'i - The Laws of the Second Tithe and the Produce of the Fourth Year
Hilchot Bikkurim - The Laws of the First Fruits Hilchot Shemitah V'Yovel - The Laws of the Sabbatical and Jubilee Years.
הלכותיו שבע, וזה הוא סידורן: הלכות כלאיים, הלכות מתנות עניים, הלכות תרומות, הלכות מעשרות, הלכות מעשר שני ונטע רבעי, הלכות ביכורים ושאר מתנות כהונה שבגבולין, הלכות שמיטה ויובל.
Hilchot Kilayim
The Laws of Mixing Forbidden Species
They contain five negative commandments.
They are:
1. Not to sow different species of produce
2. Not to sow grain or vegetables in a vineyard
3. Not to crossbreed different species of animals
4. Not to work with two different species of animals together
5. Not to wear [a garment made] from a forbidden mixture of fabrics.
הלכות כלאיים. יש בכללן חמש מצוות לא תעשה; וזה הוא פרטן: (א) שלא לזרוע זרעים כלאיים; (ב) שלא לזרוע תבואה או ירק בכרם; (ג) שלא להרביע בהמה כלאיים; (ד) שלא לעשות מלאכה בכלאי בהמה כאחד; (ה) שלא ללבוש כלאיים.
Hilchot Matnot Ani'im
The Laws of the Gifts to be Given to the Poor
They contain thirteen mitzvot:
Seven positive commandments and six negative commandments.
They are:
1. To leave pe'ah [for the poor]
2. Not to gather the pe'ah
3. To leave leket [for the poor]
4. Not to gather the leket
5. To leave the incompletely formed grape clusters [for the poor]
6. Not to gather the incompletely formed grape clusters
7. To leave individual fallen grapes [for the poor]
8. Not to gather the individual fallen grapes
9. To leave a forgotten sheaf [for the poor]
10. Not to return to take a forgotten sheaf
11. To separate the tithe for the poor
12. To give charity according to one's ability
13. Not to harden one's heart [against giving] to the poor.
הלכות מתנות עניים. יש בכללן שלוש עשרה מצוות--שבע מצוות עשה, ושש מצוות לא תעשה; וזה הוא פרטן: (א) להניח פיאה; (ב) שלא יכלה הפיאה; (ג) להניח לקט; (ד) שלא ילקט הלקט; (ה) לעזוב עוללות בכרם; (ו) שלא יעולל הכרם; (ז) לעזוב פרט הכרם; (ח) שלא ילקט פרט הכרם; (ט) להניח השכחה; (י) שלא ישוב לקחת השכחה; (יא) להפריש מעשר לעניים; (יב) ליתן צדקה כמיסת יד; (יג) שלא יאמץ לבבו על העני.
Hilchot Terumot
The Laws of Terumah
They contain eight mitzvot:
Two positive commandments and six negative commandments.
They are:
1. To separate the Great Terumah
2. To separate terumah from the tithes
3. Not to separate one of the terumot or tithes before the proper one, but rather to separate all the obligations in order
4. For an unauthorized person not to eat terumah
5. For even a priest's tenant or hired worker not to eat terumah
6. For an uncircumcised person not to eat terumah
7. For a priest who is ritually impure not to eat terumah
8. For a chalalah not to eat terumah or partake of the sacred offerings.
הלכות תרומות. יש בכללן שמונה מצוות--שתיים מצוות עשה, ושש מצוות לא תעשה; וזה הוא פרטן: (א) להפריש תרומה גדולה; (ב) להפריש תרומת מעשר; (ג) שלא יקדים תרומות ומעשרות זה לזה, אלא יפריש על הסדר; (ד) שלא יאכל זר תרומה; (ה) שלא יאכל אפילו תושב כוהן או שכירו תרומה; (ו) שלא יאכל ערל תרומה; (ז) שלא יאכל כוהן טמא תרומה; (ח) שלא תאכל חללה תרומה, ולא מורם מן הקודשים.
Hilchot Ma'asrot
The Laws of Tithes
[They contain] one mitzvah, to separate the first tithe each year the land is tilled and give it to the Levites.
הלכות מעשר. מצות עשה אחת, והיא להפריש מעשר ראשון בכל שנה ושנה משני הזריעה וייתנו ללויים.
Hilchot Ma'aser Sheni V'Neta Reva'i
The Laws of the Second Tithe and the Produce
of the Fourth Year
They contain nine mitzvot:
Three positive commandments and six negative commandments.
They are:
1. To separate the second tithe
2. Not to use the proceeds of the second tithe for any human need other than food, drink, or anointing oneself
3. Not to partake of [the second tithe] while ritually impure
4. Not to partake of [the second tithe] while in mourning
5. Not to partake of the second tithe of grain outside of Jerusalem
6. Not to partake of the second tithe of wine outside of Jerusalem
7. Not to partake of the second tithe of olive oil outside of Jerusalem
8. For the entire produce of the fourth year to be consecrated, for it to be eaten in Jerusalem by its owners, conforming in all matters to the laws governing the second tithe
9. To make the declaration associated with the giving of tithes.
הלכות מעשר שני ונטע רבעי. יש בכללן תשע מצוות--שלוש מצוות עשה, ושש מצוות לא תעשה; וזה הוא פרטן: (א) להפריש מעשר שני; (ב) שלא להוציא דמיו בשאר צורכי האדם, חוץ מאכילה ושתייה וסיכה; (ג) שלא לאוכלו בטומאה; (ד) שלא לאוכלו באנינות; (ה) שלא לאכול מעשר שני של דגן חוץ לירושלים; (ו) שלא לאכול מעשר תירוש חוץ לירושלים; (ז) שלא לאכול מעשר יצהר חוץ לירושלים; (ח) להיות נטע רבעי כולו קודש, ודינו להיאכל בירושלים לבעליו כמעשר שני לכל דבר; (ט) להתוודות וידוי מעשר.
Hilchot Bikkurim
The Laws of the First Fruits (and also the
Laws Governing the other Presents Given to
the Priests)
They contain nine mitzvot:
Eight positive commandments and one negative commandment.
They are:
1. To separate the first fruits and bring them to the Temple
2. For a priest not to partake of the first fruits outside of Jerusalem
3. To recite the declaration (associated with the first fruits)
4. To separate challah [and give it] to a priest
5. To give the shankbone, jaw, and maw to a priest
6. To give him the first shearings [of our flocks]
8. To redeem a firstling donkey and give the animal [with which it is] redeemed to the priest
9. To decapitate a firstling donkey if one does not
want to redeem it.
הלכות ביכורים עם שאר מתנות כהונה שבגבולין. יש בכללן תשע מצוות--שמונה מצוות עשה, ואחת מצות לא תעשה; וזה הוא פרטן: (א) להפריש ביכורים ולהעלותן למקדש; (ב) שלא יאכל הכוהן ביכורים חוץ לירושלים; (ג) לקרות עליהן; (ד) להפריש חלה לכוהן; (ה) לתת זרוע ולחיים וקיבה לכוהן; (ו) ליתן לו ראשית הגז; (ז) לפדות בכור הבן וליתן פדיונו לכוהן; (ח) לפדות פטר חמור וליתן פדיונו לכוהן; (ט) לערוף פטר חמור, אם לא רצה לפדותו.
Hilchot Shemitah V'Yovel
The Laws of the Sabbatical and Jubilee Years
They contain 22 mitzvot:
Nine positive commandments and 13 negative commandments.
They are:
1. To allow the land to rest from all [agricultural] work in the seventh year
2. Not to do any [agricultural] work on the land during this year
3. Not to do any [agricultural] work with trees during this year
4. Not to harvest produce that grows on its own in the normal manner
5. Not to harvest the vines in the normal manner
6. To renounce ownership over all of the earth's produce
7. To renounce all debts [owed one]
8. Not to demand payment or seek to collect a debt
9. Not to withholding lending money before the shemitah year, lest one's money be lost
10. To count the years [in cycles of] seven
11. To sanctify the fiftieth [Jubilee] year
12. To blow the shofar on the tenth of Tishrei [of the Jubilee], so that so that the [Hebrew] servants will be released
13. Not to work the land in this year
14. Not to harvest produce that grows on its own in the normal manner
15. Not to harvest the vines in the normal manner
16. To release the land in this year. These are the laws of ancestral property and purchased property
17. For the land not to be sold permanently
18. The laws governing houses in a walled city
19. For the tribe of Levi not to be given an inheritance in Eretz Yisrael. Instead, they are given gifts of cities in which to dwell.
20. For the tribe of Levi not to be given a portion of the spoils [of war]
21. To give the Levites cities in which to dwell and [to give them] open land [around these cities]
22. For these open lands never to be sold [in a permanent manner], but rather for them to be able to be redeemed at all times, both before the Jubilee year and afterwards.
הלכות שמיטה ויובל. יש בכללן שתיים ועשרים מצוות--תשע מצוות עשה, ושלוש עשרה מצוות לא תעשה; וזה הוא פרטן: (א) שתשבות הארץ ממלאכתה בשביעית; (ב) שלא יעבוד עבודת הארץ בשנה זו; (ג) שלא יעבוד עבודת האילן בשנה זו; (ד) שלא יקצור הספיח כנגד הקוצרים; (ה) שלא יבצור הנזירים כנגד הבוצרים; (ו) שישמיט מה שתוציא הארץ; (ז) שישמיט כל הלוואתו; (ח) שלא ייגוש ולא יתבע הלוואה; (ט) שלא יימנע מלהלוות קודם השמיטה כדי שלא יאבד ממונו; (י) לספור שנים שבע שבע; (יא) לקדש שנת החמישים; (יב) לתקוע בשופר בעשירי לתשרי כדי לצאת עבדים חופשיים; (יג) שלא תעבוד אדמה בשנה זו; (יד) שלא יקצור ספיחיה כנגד הקוצרים; (טו) שלא יבצור נזיריה כנגד הבוצרים; (טז) ליתן גאולה לארץ בשנה זו, והוא דין שדה אחוזה ושדה מקנה; (יז) שלא תימכר הארץ לצמיתות; (יח) דין בתי ערי חומה; (יט) שלא ינחל כל שבט לוי בארץ ישראל, אלא נותנים להם ערים מתנה לשבת בהם; (כ) שלא ייקח שבט לוי חלק בביזה; (כא) ליתן ללויים ערים לשבת ומגרשיהם; (כב) שלא יימכר מגרש עריהם, אלא גואלים לעולם בין לפני היובל בין לאחר היובל.
Thus, this book contains a total of 67 mitzvot: 30 positive commandments and 37 negative commandments.
נמצאו כל המצוות הנכללות בספר זה, שבע ושישים--מהן שלושים מצוות עשה, ושבע ושלושים מצוות לא תעשה.
Sefer Avodah
The Book of [the Temple and its] Service
ספר עבודה
It contains nine halachot. They are, in order:
Hilchot Beit HaBechirah - The Laws of [God's] Chosen House
Hilchot Klei HaMikdash V'HaOvdim Bo - The Laws [Governing] the Temple Utensils and Those who Serve Within
Hilchot Bi'at HaMikdash - The Laws [Governing] Entrance to the Temple
Hilchot Issurei Mizbe'ach - The Laws [Governing Animals] Forbidden [to be Sacrificed on] the Altar
Hilchot Ma'aseh HaKorbanot - The Laws of the Sacrificial Procedures
Hilchot Temidim UMusafim - The Laws of Daily and Special Offerings
Hilchot Pesulei HaMukdashim - The Laws of Offerings that have become Unacceptable [for Sacrifice]
Hilchot Avodat Yom HaKippurim - The Laws of the Yom Kippur Service
Hilchot Me'ilah - The Laws of Misuse of Sacred Property.
הלכותיו תשע, וזה הוא סידורן: הלכות בית הבחירה, הלכות כלי המקדש והעובדים בו, הלכות ביאת המקדש, הלכות איסורי המזבח, הלכות מעשה הקרבנות, הלכות תמידין ומוספין, הלכות פסולי המוקדשין, הלכות עבודת יום הכיפורים, הלכות מעילה.
Hilchot Beit HaBechirah
The Laws of [God's] Chosen House
They contain six mitzvot:
Three positive commandments and three negative commandments.
They are:
1. To build a Temple
2. Not to build the altar with hewn stone
3. Not to ascend [the altar] with steps
4. To fear the Temple
5. To keep watch around the Temple
6. Not to nullify the watch around the Temple.
הלכות בית הבחירה. יש בכללן שש מצוות--שלוש מצוות עשה, ושלוש מצוות לא תעשה; וזה הוא פרטן: (א) לבנות מקדש; (ב) שלא לבנות המזבח גזית; (ג) שלא לעלות במעלות עליו; (ד) ליראה מן המקדש; (ה) לשמור את המקדש סביב; (ו) שלא להשבית שמירת המקדש.
Hilchot Klei HaMikdash V'HaOvdim Bo
The Laws [Governing] the Temple Utensils and
Those who Serve Within
They contain 14 mitzvot:
Six positive commandments and eight negative commandments.
They are:
1. To make the anointing oil
2. Not to make [other oil] which resembles it
3. Not to pour it on the skin [of an unauthorized person]
4. Not to [mix incense] using the same formula as the incense offering
5. Not to offer anything on the golden altar with the exception of the incense offering
6. To carry the ark on one's shoulders
7. That the ark's staves not be removed from it
8. For the Levites to serve in the Temple
9. That a person appointed to one function in the Temple should not perform a task that was assigned to a different individual
10. To sanctify the priests [in preparation] for [Temple] service
11. For [the members of] all the priestly watches to be given equal opportunity during the festivals
12. To wear the priestly garments when serving [in the Temple]
13. For the [High Priest's] cloak not to be torn
14. For the breastplate not to move from the ephod.
הלכות כלי המקדש והעובדים בו. יש בכללן ארבע עשרה מצוות--שש מצוות עשה, ושמונה מצוות לא תעשה; וזה הוא פרטן: (א) לעשות שמן המשחה; (ב) שלא לעשות כמוהו; (ג) שלא לסוך ממנו; (ד) שלא לעשות כמתכונת הקטורת; (ה) שלא להקטיר על מזבח הזהב חוץ מן הקטורת; (ו) לשאת הארון על הכתף; (ז) שלא יסורו הבדים ממנו; (ח) שיעבוד הלוי במקדש; (ט) שלא יעשה אחד במלאכת חברו במקדש; (י) לקדש הכוהן לעבודה; (יא) שיהיו כל המשמרות שוות ברגלים; (יב) ללבוש בגדי כהונה לעבודה; (יג) שלא ייקרע המעיל; (יד) שלא ייזח החושן מעל האיפוד.
Hilchot Bi'at HaMikdash
The Laws [Governing] Entrance to the Temple
They contain 15 mitzvot:
Two positive commandments and thirteen negative commandments.
They are:
1. For a drunken person not to enter the Temple
2. For a person with overly long hair not to enter [the Temple]
3. For a person with torn garments not to enter [the Temple]
4. For a priest not to enter the Temple building at all times
5. For a priest not to leave the Temple in the midst of service
6. To send away the ritually impure from the Temple
7. For [certain categories of] the ritually impure not to enter the Temple
8. For [certain categories of] the ritually impure not to enter the Temple Mount
9. For one who is ritually impure not to serve [in the Temple]
10. For one who is ritually impure and immersed himself in a mikveh not to serve [in the Temple on the day of his immersion]
11. For a priest serving [in the Temple] to sanctify his hands and feet
12. For a priest with a disqualifying physical blemish not to enter the Temple building or approach the altar
13. For a priest with a disqualifying physical blemish not to serve [in the Temple]
14. For a priest with a disqualifying physical blemish of a temporary nature not to serve [in the Temple]
15. For an unauthorized person not to serve [in the Temple].
הלכות ביאת המקדש. יש בכללן חמש עשרה מצוות--שתי מצוות עשה, ושלוש עשרה מצוות לא תעשה; וזה הוא פרטן: (א) שלא ייכנס כוהן שיכור למקדש; (ב) שלא ייכנס לו כוהן פרוע ראש; (ג) שלא ייכנס לו כוהן קרוע בגדים; (ד) שלא ייכנס כוהן בכל עת אל ההיכל; (ה) שלא ייצא כוהן מן המקדש בשעת העבודה; (ו) לשלח טמאים מן המקדש; (ז) שלא ייכנס טמא למקדש; (ח) שלא ייכנס טמא להר הבית; (ט) שלא ישמש טמא; (י) שלא ישמש טבול יום; (יא) לקדש העובד ידיו ורגליו; (יב) שלא ייכנס בעל מום להיכל ולמזבח; (יג) שלא יעבוד בעל מום; (יד) שלא יעבוד בעל מום עובר; (טו) שלא יעבוד זר.
Hilchot Issurei Mizbe'ach
The Laws [Governing Animals] Forbidden [to be
Sacrificed on] the Altar
They contain 14 mitzvot:
Four positive commandments and ten negative commandments.
They are:
1. To offer all the sacrifices in an unblemished state
2. Not to dedicate an animal with a disqualifying physical blemish for sacrifice
3. Not to slaughter [an animal with a disqualifying physical blemish as a sacrifice]
4. Not to sprinkle the blood of [an animal with a disqualifying physical blemish]
5. Not to burn the fats of [an animal with a disqualifying physical blemish]
6. Not to sacrifice an animal with a disqualifying physical blemish of a temporary nature
7. Not to sacrifice an animal with a disqualifying physical blemish even when offered by gentiles
8. Not to cause a disqualifying physical blemish in an animal that was consecrated for sacrificial use
9. To redeem an animal [that was set aside for sacrificial use] which possesses a disqualifying physical blemish
10. To sacrifice an animal only after the eighth day. Before that time, it is considered as "lacking [sufficient] time" and cannot be sacrificed.
11. Not to offer as a sacrifice [an animal] given as a prostitute's fee or given in exchange for a dog
12. Not to offer [sacrifices] that contain a leavening agent or a sweetener
13. To salt all sacrifices
14. Not to forget to place salt on any sacrifice.
הלכות איסורי מזבח. יש בכללן ארבע עשרה מצוות--ארבע מצוות עשה, ועשר מצוות לא תעשה; וזה הוא פרטן: (א) להקריב כל הקרבנות תמימין; (ב) שלא להקדיש בעל מום למזבח; (ג) שלא ישחוט; (ד) שלא יזרוק דמו; (ה) שלא יקטיר חלבו; (ו) שלא יקריב בעל מום עובר; (ז) שלא יקריב בעל מום, אפילו בקרבנות הגויים; (ח) שלא יטיל מום בקודשים; (ט) לפדות פסולי המוקדשים; (י) להקריב מיום השמיני והלאה, וקודם זמן זה הוא הנקרא מחוסר זמן ואין מקריבין אותו; (יא) שלא להקריב אתנן ומחיר; (יב) שלא להקטיר שאור ודבש; (יג) למלוח כל הקרבנות; (יד) שלא להשבית מלח מעל הקרבנות.
Hilchot Ma'aseh HaKorbanot
The Laws of the Sacrificial Procedures
They contain 23 mitzvot:
Ten positive commandments and thirteen negative commandments.
They are:
I. To offer the burnt offerings in accordance with the procedure stated in the Torah
2. Not to eat the meat of the burnt offerings
3. The procedure for a sin offering
4. Not to eat the meat of those sin offerings [whose blood was brought] inside [the Temple building]
5. Not to cut off the head entirely when slaying a bird brought as a sin offering
6. The procedure for a guilt offering
7. That the priests should eat the meat of the sacrifices of the most sacred order within the Temple
8. That [the meat of these sacrifices] should not be eaten outside the Temple Courtyard
9. That an unauthorized person should not partake of the sacrifices of the most sacred order
10. The procedure for a peace offering
11. Not to eat from the sacrifices of a lesser degree of holiness before the sprinkling of their blood
12. To offer the meal offerings in accordance with the procedure stated in the Torah
13. Not to put oil on a meal offering brought by a sinner
14. Not to put frankincense upon it
15. For a meal offering brought by a priest not to be eaten
16. For a meal offering not to be baked from leaven
17. For the priests to eat the remaining portions of the meal offerings
18. For a person to bring the sacrifices that he pledged to bring and the animals he pledged to offer as sacrifices to be offered, on the first festival that comes
19. Not to delay bringing the sacrifices that one pledged to bring, the animals he pledged to offer as sacrifices, or the other pledges one has taken upon himself
20. To offer all the sacrifices in the Temple
21. To bring sacrifices from the diaspora to the Temple
22. Not to slaughter a sacrifice outside the Temple courtyard
23. Not to offer a sacrifice outside the Temple court-yard.
הלכות מעשה הקרבנות. יש בכללן שלוש ועשרים מצוות--עשר מצוות עשה, ושלוש עשרה מצוות לא תעשה; וזה הוא פרטן: (א) לעשות העולה כמעשיה הכתובים על הסדר; (ב) שלא לאכול בשר העולה; (ג) סדר החטאת; (ד) שלא לאכול מבשר חטאת הפנימית; (ה) שלא יבדיל בחטאת העוף; (ו) סדר האשם; (ז) שיאכלו הכוהנים בשר קודשי קודשים במקדש; (ח) שלא יאכלום חוץ לעזרה; (ט) שלא יאכל זר מקודשי קודשים; (י) סדר השלמים; (יא) שלא לאכול בשר קודשים קלים קודם זריקת דמים; (יב) לעשות כל מנחה כסדר מעשיה הכתובים בתורה; (יג) שלא ישים שמן על מנחת חוטא; (יד) שלא ייתן עליה לבונה; (טו) שלא תיאכל מנחת כוהן; (טז) שלא תיאפה מנחת חמץ; (יז) שיאכלו הכוהנים שיירי מנחות; (יח) שיביא כל נדריו ונדבותיו ברגל שפגע בו ראשון; (יט) שלא יאחר נדרו ונדבתו ושאר דברים שהוא חייב בהן; (כ) להקריב כל הקרבנות בבית הבחירה; (כא) להביא קודשי חוצה לארץ לבית הבחירה; (כב) שלא לשחוט קרבנות חוץ לעזרה; (כג) שלא להקריב קרבן חוץ לעזרה.
Hilchot Temidim UMusafim
The Laws of Daily and Special Offerings
They contain 19 mitzvot:
Eighteen positive commandments and one negative commandment.
They are:
1. Two offer two Iambs every day
2. To kindle the fire of the altar every day
3. Not to extinguish [the fire of the altar]
4. To remove the ashes [from the altar] every day
5. To offer the incense offering every day
6. To light the candles [of the Menorah] every day
7. For the High Priest to offer a meal offering every day. It is called Minchat Chavitin.
8. To sacrifice an additional two lambs [as a musaf offering] on the Sabbath
9. To offer the showbread
10. To bring a musaf offering on Rosh Chodesh
11. To bring a musaf offering on Pesach
12. To bring the omer offering which is waved]
13. For every individual to count seven weeks from the day the omer was offered
14. To bring a musaf offering on Shavuot
15. To bring the two loaves [of bread] and the sacrifices which accompany the loaves on Shavuot
16. To bring a musaf offering on Rosh HaShanah
17. To bring a musaf offering on the fast [of Yom Kippur]
18. To bring a musaf offering on the holiday [of Sukkot]
19. To bring a musaf offering on Shemini Atzeret
הלכות תמידין ומוספין. יש בכללן תשע עשרה מצוות--שמונה עשרה מצוות עשה, ואחת מצות לא תעשה; וזה הוא פרטן: (א) להקריב שני כבשים בכל יום עולות; (ב) להדליק אש על המזבח בכל יום; (ג) שלא לכבותה; (ד) להרים את הדשן בכל יום; (ה) להקטיר קטורת בכל יום; (ו) להדליק נרות בכל יום; (ז) שיקריב כוהן גדול מנחה בכל יום, והיא הנקראת חביתין; (ח) להוסיף שני כבשים עולות בשבת; (ט) לעשות לחם הפנים; (י) מוסף ראשי חודשים; (יא) מוסף הפסח; (יב) להקריב עומר התנופה; (יג) לספור כל איש ואיש שבעה שבועות מיום הקרבת העומר; (יד) מוסף עצרת; (טו) להביא שתי הלחם עם הקרבנות הבאות בגלל הלחם ביום עצרת; (טז) מוסף ראש השנה; (יז) מוסף יום צום; (יח) מוסף החג; (יט) מוסף שמיני עצרת.
Hilchot Pesulei HaMukdashim
The Laws of Offerings that have become Unac‑
ceptable [for Sacrifice]
They contain eight mitzvot:
Two positive commandments and six negative commandments.
They are:
1. Not to partake of sacred foods that have become disqualified because of blemishes or due to other reasons
2. Not to eat piggul
3. Not to partake of sacred foods after the time prescribed for their consumption
4. Not to partake of notar [meat from the sacrifices which remains after the time prescribed for their consumption]
5. Not to partake of sacred foods that have become impure
6. For a person who becomes impure not to partake of sacred foods
7. To burn notar
8. To burn sacrificial offerings that have become impure.
הלכות פסולי המוקדשין. יש בכללן שמונה מצוות--שתי מצוות עשה, ושש מצוות לא תעשה; וזה הוא פרטן: (א) שלא לאכול קודשים שנפסלו ושהוטל בהם מום; (ב) שלא לאכול פיגול; (ג) שלא יותיר קודשים לאחר זמנן; (ד) שלא יאכל נותר; (ה) שלא יאכל קודשים שנטמאו; (ו) שלא יאכל אדם שנטמא את הקודשים; (ז) לשרוף את הנותר; (ח) לשרוף את הטמא.
Hilchot Avodat Yom HaKippurim
The Laws of the Yom Kippur Service
[They contain] one mitzvah, to perform the service of Yom Kippur, the sacrifices, the confessions, the sending away of the goat, and the other aspects of the service, in accordance with the order prescribed in the parashah of Acharei Mot.
הלכות עבודת יום הכיפורים. מצות עשה אחת--והיא שיעשה מעשה יום הכיפורים כולו על הסדר כמו שכתוב בפרשת אחרי מות, הקרבנות והווידויין ושילוח השעיר ושאר העבודה.
Hilchot Me'ilah
The Laws of Misuse of Sacred Property.
They contain three mitzvot:
One positive commandment and two negative commandments.
They are:
1. For a person who sins by misusing sacred property to make recompense, adding a fifth [of the article's value] and offering a sacrifice. This is the law pertaining to a mo'il.
2. Not to work with animals which were consecrated
3. Not to shear animals which were consecrated.
הלכות מעילה. יש בכללן שלוש מצוות--אחת מצות עשה, ושתיים מצוות לא תעשה; וזה הוא פרטן: (א) לשלם המועל אשר חטא בתוספת חומש וקרבן, וזה הוא דין המועל; (ב) שלא לעבוד בקודשים; (ג) שלא לגוז קודשים.
Thus, this book contains a total of 103 mitzvot: 47 positive commandments and 56 negative commandments.
נמצאו כל המצוות הנכללות בספר זה, מאה ושלוש--מהם שבע וארבעים מצוות עשה, ושש וחמישים מצוות לא תעשה.
Sefer Korbanot
The Book of Sacrifices
ספר קרבנות
It contains six halachot. They are, in order: Hilchot Korban Pesach - The Laws of the Paschal Offering
Hilchot Chaggigah - The Laws of the Festive Offering
Hilchot Bechorot - The Laws of the Firstling Animals
Hilchot Shegagot - The Laws of the Offerings [to Atone for] Unintentional Transgression
Hilchot Mechusarei Kapparah - The Laws of [the Offerings brought by] those whose Process of Atonement is Incomplete
Hilchot Temurah - The Laws of [Offerings which were] Substituted [One for Another]
הלכותיו שש, וזה הוא סידורן: הלכות קרבן פסח, הלכות חגיגה, הלכות בכורות, הלכות שגגות, הלכות מחוסרי כפרה, הלכות תמורה.
Hilchot Korban Pesach
The Laws of the Paschal Offering
They contain 16 mitzvot:
Four positive commandments and twelve negative commandments.
They are:
1. To slaughter the Paschal sacrifice at its appropriate time
2. Not to slaughter it while in possession of chametz
3. Not to allow the portions burned on the altar to remain overnight
4. To slaughter the second Paschal sacrifice
5. To eat the meat of the Paschal sacrifice together with matzot and bitter herbs on the night of the fifteenth [of Nisan]
6. To eat the meat of the second Paschal sacrifice on the night of the fifteenth of the second month
7. Not to partake [of the Paschal sacrifice] is raw or boiled
8. Not to take the meat of the Paschal sacrifice out of the group [in which it is eaten]
9. Not to allow an apostate to eat from it
10. For a resident alien or a [Jew's] hired worker not to partake of it
11. For an uncircumcised person not to partake of it
12. Not to break a bone of it
13. Not to break a bone in the second Paschal sacrifice
14. Not to allow [the Paschal sacrifice] to remain until the morning
15. Not to allow the second Paschal sacrifice to remain until the morning
16. Not to allow the meat from the festive offering [brought on] the fourteenth [of Nisan] to remain until the morning of the third day.
הלכות קרבן פסח. יש בכללן שש עשרה מצוות--ארבע מצוות עשה, ושתים עשרה מצוות לא תעשה; וזה הוא פרטן: (א) לשחוט הפסח בזמנו; (ב) שלא לזבוח אותו על החמץ; (ג) שלא תלין אימוריו; (ד) לשחוט פסח שני; (ה) לאכול בשר הפסח על מצה ומרור בלילי חמישה עשר; (ו) לאכול בשר פסח שני על מצה ומרור בלילי חמישה עשר לחודש השני; (ז) שלא יאכל נא ומבושל; (ח) שלא יוציא מבשר הפסח חוץ לחבורה; (ט) שלא יאכל ממנו משומד; (י) שלא יאכיל ממנו לתושב או שכיר; (יא) שלא יאכל ממנו ערל; (יב) שלא ישבור בו עצם; (יג) שלא ישבור עצם בפסח שני; (יד) שלא ישאיר ממנו לבוקר; (טו) שלא ישאיר מפסח שני לבוקר; (טז) שלא ישאיר מבשר חגיגת ארבעה עשר עד יום שלישי.
Hilchot Chaggigah
The Laws of the Festive Offering
They contain six mitzvot:
Four positive commandments and two negative commandments.
They are:
1. To present oneself before God
2. To celebrate on the three pilgrimage festivals
3. To rejoice on the festivals
4. Not to appear [before God] empty-handed
5. Not to abandon the Levi, but rather to have him rejoice and give him the presents due him on the festivals
6. To gather together the people during the Sukkot festival during the year following the shemitah year.
הלכות חגיגה. יש בכללן שש מצוות--ארבע מצוות עשה, ושתי מצוות לא תעשה; וזה הוא פרטן: (א) להיראות פני ה'; (ב) לחוג בשלושה רגלים; (ג) לשמוח ברגלים; (ד) שלא ייראה ריקם; (ה) שלא יעזוב לוי מלשמחו וליתן לו מתנותיו ברגלים; (ו) להקהיל את העם בחג הסוכות במוצאי שמיטה.
Hilchot Bechorot
The Laws of the Firstling Animals
They contain five mitzvot:
Two positive commandments and three negative commandments.
They are:
1. To separate the firstling animals [as a sacrifice]
2. Not to partake of an unblemished firstling animal outside of Jerusalem
3. Not to redeem a firstling animal
4. To separate the tithes of one's herds
5. Not to redeem the tithes of one's herds
I have included the laws of the tithes of one's herds together with the laws of the firstling animals, because the same procedure is followed with regard to both of them. The Torah also groups the two together in the verse (Numbers 18:17): "And you shall dash their blood...." According to the oral tradition, we learn that this refers to the blood of the tithes and the blood of the firstling animals.
הלכות בכורות. יש בכללן חמש מצוות--שתי מצוות עשה, ושלוש מצוות לא תעשה; וזה הוא פרטן: (א) להפריש בכורות; (ב) שלא ייאכל בכור תמים חוץ לירושלים; (ג) שלא ייפדה הבכור; (ד) להפריש מעשר בהמה; (ה) שלא ייגאל מעשר בהמה. וכללתי המעשר עם הבכור--לפי שמעשה שניהם אחד, והכתוב כללו עימו: שנאמר "ואת דמם תזרוק" (ראה במדבר יח,יז)--כך למדו מפי השמועה, שזה דם מעשר ודם בכור.
Hilchot Shegagot
The Laws of the Offerings [to Atone for] Unintentional Transgression
They contain five positive commandments. They are:
1. That a person who inadvertently violates a transgression should bring a fixed sin offering
2. That a person who does not know whether or not he violated a transgression should bring a guilt offering unless he discovers that he definitely transgressed, at which time he must bring a sin offering. This [guilt offering] is referred to as "the conditional guilt offering."
3. That a person who commits certain sins should bring a guilt offering [to atone] for their violation. This is referred to as "the definite guilt offering."
4. For a person who commits certain sins to offer [a sacrifice in] atonement. If he is rich, he should offer an animal, if he is poor, a fowl or the tenth of an ephah [of meal]. This is referred to as "the adjustable guilt offering."
5. For the Sanhedrin to offer a sacrifice if they render an erroneous decision regarding one of the serious matters [of Torah law].
הלכות שגגות. יש בכללן חמש מצוות עשה; וזה הוא פרטן: (א) שיקריב היחיד קרבן חטאת קבוע על שגגתו; (ב) שיקריב אשם מי שלא נודע לו אם חטא אם לא חטא עד שייוודע לו ויביא חטאתו, וזה הוא הנקרא אשם תלוי; (ג) שיקריב החוטא אשם על עבירות ידועות, וזה הוא הנקרא אשם ודאי; (ד) שיקריב החוטא קרבן על עבירות ידועות, אם היה עשיר בהמה ואם היה עני עוף או עשירית האיפה, וזה הוא הנקרא קרבן עולה ויורד; (ה) שיקריבו הסנהדרין קרבן, אם טעו והורו שלא כהלכה באחת מן החמורות.
Hilchot Mechusarei Kapparah
The Laws of [the Offerings brought by] those
whose Process of Atonement is Incomplete
They contain four positive commandments. They are:
1. For a zavah to offer a sacrifice when she becomes ritually pure
2. For a woman who gives birth to offer a sacrifice when she becomes ritually pure
3. For a zav to offer a sacrifice when he becomes ritually pure
4. For a person afflicted by tzara’at to offer a sacrifice when he becomes ritually pure. :
After the offering of these sacrifices, the process of purification of these individuals is completed.
הלכות מחוסרי כפרה. יש בכללן ארבע מצוות עשה; וזה הוא פרטן: (א) שתקריב הזבה כשתטהר קרבן; (ב) שתקריב היולדת כשתטהר קרבן; (ג) שיקריב הזב כשיטהר קרבן; (ד) שיקריב המצורע כשיטהר קרבן. ואחר שיקריבו קרבנותיהן, תיגמר טהרתן.
Hilchot Temurah
The Laws of [Offerings which were] Substituted
[One for Another]
They contain three mitzvot:
One positive commandment and two negative commandments.
They are:
1. Not to substitute [another animal for one designated as a sacrifice]
2. For an animal that was substituted [for one designated as a sacrifice] to be considered consecrated
3. Not to change animals that were consecrated from one category of holiness to another.
הלכות תמורה. יש בכללן שלוש מצוות--אחת מצות עשה, ושתיים מצוות לא תעשה; וזה הוא פרטן: (א) שלא ימיר; (ב) שתהיה התמורה קודש, אם המיר; (ג) שלא ישנה הקודשים מקדושה לקדושה.
Thus, this book contains a total of 39 mitzvot: 20 positive commandments and 19 negative commandments.
נמצאו כל המצוות הנכללות בספר זה, תשע ושלושים--מהן עשרים מצוות עשה, ותשע עשרה מצוות לא תעשה.
Part 3
Sefer Taharah
The Book of Ritual Purity
It consists of eight halachot. They are, in order:
Hilchot Tum'at Meit - The Laws of the Ritual Impurity Imparted by a Human Corpse
Hilchot Parah Adumah - The Laws of [the Purification Process Involving] the Red Heifer
Hilchot Tum'at Tzara'at - The Laws of the Ritual Impurity Imparted by Tzara’at
Hilchot Metamei Mishkav UMoshav - The Laws of the [Sources of Ritual Impurity] which Impart Impurity to the Places where One Sits and the Places where One Lies
Hilchot Sh'ar Avot HaTum'ah - The Laws of the Other Categories of Sources of Ritual Impurity
Hilchot Tum'at Ochalin - The Laws of the Ritual Impurity Contracted by Foods
Hilchot Kelim - The Laws of [the Ritual Impurity] Contracted by Vessels
Hilchot Mikvaot - The Laws of Mikvaot
ספר טהרה
Hilchot Tum'at Meit
The Laws of the Ritual Impurity Imparted by a
Human Corpse
They contain one positive commandment, the laws governing the ritual impurity imparted by a human corpse.
הלכותיו שמונה, וזה הוא סידורן: הלכות טומאת מת, הלכות פרה אדומה, הלכות טומאת צרעת, הלכות מטמאי משכב ומושב, הלכות שאר אבות הטמאות, הלכות טומאת אוכלין, הלכות כלים, הלכות מקוות.
Hilchot Parah Adumah
The Laws of [the Purification Process Involving] the Red Heifer
They contain two positive commandments. They are:
1. The law of the red heifer
2. The laws involving the ritual purity and impurity imparted by the water that is sprinkled [together with the ashes of the red heifer].
הלכות טומאת מת. מצות עשה אחת, והוא דין טומאת מת.
Hilchot Tum'at Tzara'at
The Laws of the Ritual Impurity Imparted by
Tzara’at
They contain eight mitzvot:
Six positive commandments and two negative commandments.
They are:
1. To render judgments concerning tzara’at in humans as prescribed by the Torah
2. Not to cut off the signs of tzara’at
3. Not to shave a bald spot
4. That a person afflicted by tzara’at should make known his state of impurity by wearing torn clothing, letting his hair grow long, and covering his head
5. The purification process of a person afflicted by tzara’at
6. That a person afflicted by tzara’at should shave off all his hair as part of his purification process
7. The laws of tzara’at in clothing
8. The laws of tzara’at in houses.
הלכות פרה אדומה. יש בכללן שתי מצוות עשה; וזה הוא פרטן: (א) דין פרה אדומה; (ב) דין טומאת מי נידה וטהרתן.
Hilchot Metamei Mishkav UMoshav
The Laws of the [Sources of Ritual Impurity]
which Impart Impurity to the Places where One Sits and the Places where One Lies
They contain four positive commandments. They are:
1. The laws of the impurity of the niddah state
2. The laws of the impurity of a woman after childbirth
3. The laws of the impurity of a zavah
4. The laws of the impurity of a zav
הלכות טומאת צרעת. יש בכללן שמונה מצוות--שש מצוות עשה, ושתי מצוות לא תעשה; וזה הוא פרטן: (א) להורות בצרעת אדם כדינה הכתוב בתורה; (ב) שלא יקוץ סימני טומאה; (ג) שלא יגלח הנתק; (ד) שיהא המצורע מפורסם בקריעת בגדיו ופריעת ראשו ועטייה על שפם; (ה) טהרת צרעת; (ו) שיגלח המצורע את כל שיערו כשיטהר; (ז) דין צרעת הבגד; (ח) דין צרעת הבית.
Hilchot Sh'ar Avot HaTum'ah
The Laws of the Other Categories of Sources of
Ritual Impurity
They contain three positive commandments. They are:
1. The laws of the impurity imparted by an animal carcass
2. The laws of the impurity imparted by a the carcass of a crawling animal
3. The laws of the impurity imparted by human semen.
[These halachot also deal with] the ritual impurity imparted by false gods and their accessories. This ritual impurity is equivalent to that imparted by the carcass of a crawling animal; it is a Rabbinic injunction.
הלכות מטמאי משכב ומושב. יש בכללן ארבע מצוות עשה; וזה הוא פרטן: (א) דין טומאת נידה; (ב) דין טומאת יולדת; (ג) דין טומאת זבה; (ד) דין טומאת זב.
Hilchot Tum'at Ochalin
The Laws of the Ritual Impurity Contracted by Foods
They contain one positive commandment, the laws
of the impurity contracted by liquids and foods and
how it is possible for them to regain ritual purity.
הלכות שאר אבות הטמאות. יש בכללן שלוש מצוות עשה; וזה הוא פרטן: (א) דין טומאת נבילה; (ב) דין טומאת שרץ; (ג) דין טומאת שכבת זרע. ועבודה זרה מטמאה כשרץ, וטומאתה מדברי סופרים.
Hilchot Kelim
The Laws of [the Ritual Impurity] Contracted
by Vessels
The intent of these laws is to know which vessels can contract the above-mentioned impurities and which do not, and how the vessels contract and impart ritual impurity.
הלכות טומאת אוכלין. מצות עשה אחת, והיא דין טומאת משקין ואוכלין והכשרן.
Hilchot Mikvaot
The Laws of Mikvaot
[They contain] one positive commandment, that all those who are impure should immerse themselves in the waters of a mikveh [to] regain purity afterwards.
הלכות כלים. עניין אלו ההלכות לידע כלים שמקבלין טומאה מכל אלו הטמאות, וכלים שאינם מיטמאין, וכיצד מיטמאין הכלים ומטמאין.
Thus, this book contains a total of 20 mitzvot: 18 positive commandments and two negative commandments.
הלכות מקוות. מצות עשה אחת, והיא שיטבול כל טמא במי מקוה ואחר כך יטהר.
Sefer Nezikin
The Book of Damages
נמצאו כל המצוות הנכללות בספר זה, עשרים--מהן שמונה עשרה מצוות עשה, ושתי מצוות לא תעשה.
It consists of five halachot. They are, in order: Hilchot Nizkei Mammon - The Laws of Damage to Property
Hilchot Geneivah - The Laws of Theft
Hilchot Gezeilah Va'Avedah -The Laws of Robbery and [the Return of] Lost Object
Hilchot Chovel UMazik - The Laws of [Personal] Injury and Damages [Caused Directly by Human Action]
Hilchot Rotzeach USh'mirat Nefesh - The Laws of Murder and the Protection of Life
ספר נזקים
Hilchot Nizkei Mammon
The Laws of Damage to Property
They contain four positive commandments. They are:
. The laws governing [the damages caused by the goring of] an ox
. The laws governing [the damages caused by] the grazing of animals
. The laws governing [the damages caused by] an obstruction [in public property]
. The laws governing [the damages caused by] fire.
חמש, וזה הוא סידורן: הלכות נזקי ממון, הלכות גניבה, הלכות גזילה ואבידה, הלכות חובל ומזיק, הלכות רוצח ושמירת נפש.
Hilchot Geneivah The Laws of Theft
They contain seven mitzvot:
Two positive commandments and five negative commandments.
They are:
1. Not to steal money
2. The laws governing [punishment of] a thief
3. To have proper scales and weights
4. Not to deal unjustly with weights and measures
5. For a person not to possess incorrect weights and measures, even if he does not use them for purchase or sale
6. Not to alter a [colleague's] property marker
7. Not to kidnap.
הלכות נזקי ממון. יש בכללן ארבע מצוות עשה; וזה הוא פרטן: (א) דין השור; (ב) דין ההבער; (ג) דין הבור; (ד) דין הבעירה.
Hilchot Gezeilah Va'Avedah
The Laws of Robbery and [the Return> of] >Lost Objects
They contain seven mitzvot
Two positive commandments and five negative commandments.
They are:
1. Not to commit robbery
2. Not to wrong [a colleague by withholding his due]
3. Not to covet
4. Not to desire
5. To return a stolen object
6. Not to ignore a lost object
7. To return a lost object.
הלכות גניבה. יש בכללן שבע מצוות--שתי מצוות עשה, וחמש מצוות לא תעשה; וזה הוא פרטן: (א) שלא לגנוב ממון; (ב) דין הגנב; (ג) לצדק המאזניים עם המשקלות; (ד) שלא יעשה עוול במידות ובמשקלות; (ה) שלא יהיה לאדם אבן ואבן איפה ואיפה, אף על פי שאינו לוקח ונותן בהם; (ו) שלא יסיג גבול; (ז) שלא לגנוב נפשות.
Hilchot Chovel UMazik
The Laws of [Personal] Injury and Damages
[Caused Directly by Human Action]
[They contain] one positive commandment, the laws governing injury which one person causes another, and damages which one person causes to a colleague's property.
הלכות גזילה ואבידה. יש בכללן שבע מצוות--שתי מצוות עשה, וחמש מצוות לא תעשה; וזה הוא פרטן: (א) שלא לגזול; (ב) שלא לעשוק; (ג) שלא לחמוד; (ד) שלא להתאוות; (ה) להשיב את הגזילה; (ו) שלא יתעלם מן האבידה; (ז) להשיב האבידה.
Hilchot Rotzeach USh'mirat Nefesh
The Laws of Murder and the Protection of Life
They contain 17 mitzvot:
Seven positive commandments and ten negative commandments.
They are:
1. Not to murder
2. Not to take a ransom for the life of the murderer
3. To exile one who inadvertently kills another person
4. Not to take a ransom for the person sentenced to exile
5. That the murderer should not be killed before having been given a trial
6. To save a person who is being pursued [even at the expense of] the pursuer's life
7. Not to show any mercy to a pursuer
8. Not to neglect [a person] in mortal danger
9. To set aside cities of refuge and to prepare the road to them
10. To decapitate a calf in a river [in atonement for an unsolved murder]
11. Not to till or sow the land [where this atonement was made]
12. Not to create a dangerous situation
13. To put up a guard rail
14. Not to cause an innocent person to err
15. To unload a person [or his animal] that has fallen on the road
16. To [help him] reload [his animal]
17. Not to leave him distraught with his burden on the road
הלכות חובל ומזיק. מצות עשה אחת, והוא דין חובל בחברו או מזיק ממון חברו.
Thus, this book contains a total of 36 mitzvot: 16 positive commandments and 20 negative commandments.
הלכות רוצח ושמירת נפש. יש בכללן שבע עשרה מצוות--שבע מצוות עשה, ועשר מצוות לא תעשה; וזה הוא פרטן: (א) שלא לרצוח; (ב) שלא ליקח כופר לנפש רוצח, אלא יומת; (ג) להגלות הרוצח בשגגה; (ד) שלא ליקח כופר למחוייב גלות; (ה) שלא יומת הרוצח כשירצח, קודם עמידה בדין; (ו) להציל הנרדף בנפשו של רודף; (ז) שלא לחוס על הרודף; (ח) שלא לעמוד על דם; (ט) להפריש ערי מקלט ולהכין להם הדרך; (י) לערוף את העגלה בנחל; (יא) שלא יעבוד באותה קרקע ולא תיזרע; (יב) שלא לשים דמים; (יג) לעשות מעקה; (יד) שלא יכשיל תמים בדבר; (טו) לפרוק עם מי שנכשל בדרך; (טז) לטעון עימו; (יז) שלא יניחנו בדרך נבהל במשאו וילך לו.
Sefer Kinyan
The Book of Acquisition [of Property]
נמצאו כל המצוות הנכללות בספר זה, שש ושלושים--מהן שש עשרה מצוות עשה, עשרים מצוות לא תעשה.
It consists of five halachot. They are, in order:
Hilchot Mechirah - The Laws Governing Sales
Hilchot Zechiyah UMatanah - The Laws Governing the Acquisition of Property and Presents
Hilchot Sh'chenim - The Laws Governing [Relations] with Neighbors
Hilchot Shluchin VShutafin - The Laws of Agents and Partners
Hilchot Avadim - The Laws of Slaves.
ספר קניין
Hilchot Mechirah
The Laws Governing Sales
They contain four mitzvot:
One positive commandment and three negative commandments.
They are:
1. The laws of sales and purchases
2. Not to cheat a colleague in a business transaction
3. Not to wrong a person with words
4. Not to wrong a convert financially.
5. Not to wrong him with words.
הלכותיו חמש, וזה הוא סידורן: הלכות מכירה, הלכות זכייה ומתנה, הלכות שכנים, הלכות שלוחין ושותפין, הלכות עבדים.
Hilchot Zechiyah UMatanah
The Laws Governing the Acquisition of Property and Presents
The intent of] these laws is to know how one acquires ownerless property and what [legal] acts are involved, the laws governing the giving and receiving of a present; which present [does not represent a binding commitment and, therefore,] must be returned to its owner, and which [is binding] and need not be returned.
הלכות מכירה. יש בכללן חמש מצוות--אחת מצות עשה, וארבע מצוות לא תעשה; וזה הוא פרטן: (א) דין מקח וממכר; (ב) שלא יונה במקח וממכר; (ג) שלא יונה בדברים; (ד) שלא יונה גר צדק בממונו; (ה) שלא יונהו בדברים.
Hilchot Sh'chenim
The Laws Governing [Relations] with Neighbors
The intent of these laws is to know how land is divided between partners, the measures each must take to prevent damage to the other and their neighbors, and the laws governing a person's right to purchase property sold by his neighbor
הלכות זכייה ומתנה. עניין אלו ההלכות לידע דין זוכה מן ההפקר היאך יקנה ובמה יקנה, ודין נותן מתנה ומקבל ואיזו מתנה חוזרת ואיזו אינה חוזרת.
Hilchot Shluchin V'Shutafin
The Laws of Agents and Partners
The intent of these laws is to know the laws governing the activities of a person's agent, the laws governing partners, and their application with regard to purchases, sales, losses, and profits.
הלכות שכנים. עניין אלו ההלכות לידע דין חילוק הקרקעות בין השותפין, והרחקת נזקי כל אחד מהן משכנו ומבעל המצר שלו, ודין בעל המצר.
Hilchot Avadim
The Laws of Slaves
They contain 13 mitzvot:
Five positive commandments and eight negative commandments.
They are:
1. The laws governing the purchase of a Hebrew servant
2. That he not be sold in the way a slave is sold
3. That he may not be made to perform rigorous work
4. Not to allow a resident alien to make him perform rigorous work
5. Not to make him perform servile tasks
6. To give him a separation gift when he is released
7. That he should not be released empty-handed
8. To redeem a Hebrew maidservant
9. To designate her as a bride
10. Not to sell her
11. To work with a Canaanite slave forever unless his master destroys one of his primary limbs
12. Not to return a slave who fled from the Diaspora to Eretz Yisrael
13. Not to oppress this slave who has fled to us.
הלכות שלוחין ושותפין. עניין אלו ההלכות לידע דין שלוחו של אדם ושותפו, ומשפטיהן במקחן וממכרן ובהפסדן ושכרן.
Thus, this book contains a total of 18 mitzvot: six positive commandments and 12 negative commandments.
הלכות עבדים. יש בכללן שלוש עשרה מצוות--חמש מצוות עשה, ושמונה מצוות לא תעשה; וזה הוא פרטן: (א) דין קניין עבד עברי; (ב) שלא יימכר ממכרת עבד; (ג) שלא יעבידנו בפרך; (ד) שלא נניח גר תושב לרדות בו בפרך; (ה) שלא נעבוד בו עבודת עבד; (ו) להעניק לו בצאתו חופשי; (ז) שלא ייצא ריקם; (ח) לפדות אמה עברייה; (ט) לייעדה; (י) שלא תימכר; (יא) לעבוד בעבד כנעני לעולם, אלא אם הפיל לו אדוניו אחד מראשי אבריו; (יב) שלא להסגיר עבד שברח מחוצה לארץ לארץ ישראל; (יג) שלא להונות עבד זה הניצול אלינו.
Sefer Mishpatim
The Book of Judgments
נמצאו כל המצוות הנכללות בספר זה, שמונה עשרה--שש מהן מצוות עשה, ושתים עשרה מצוות לא תעשה.
It consists of five halachot. They are, in order:
Hilchot Sechirut - The Laws of Employer-Employee Relations
Hilcho She'lah UPikadon - The Laws of Borrowed and Entrusted Objects
Hilchot Malveh V'Loveh - The Laws of Lenders and Borrowers
Hilchot To'en V'Nit'an - The Laws Governing [Disputes between] Plaintiffs and Defendants
Hilchot Nachalot - The Laws Governing Inheritances.
ספר משפטים
Hilchot Sechirut
The Laws of Employer-Employee Relations
They contain seven mitzvot:
three positive commandments and four negative commandments.
They are:
1. The laws governing a hired worker and a paid watchman
2. To pay a worker his wage when due
3. Not to delay payment of a worker's wage after it falls due
4. That a worker be allowed to eat from the produce with which he is working
5. That a worker not eat from this during the time he should be working
6. That a worker should not take more than what he eats
7. Not to muzzle an ox or any other animal while it is treading [grain].
הלכותיו חמש, וזה הוא סידורן: הלכות שכירות, הלכות שאלה ופיקדון, הלכות מלווה ולווה, הלכות טוען ונטען, הלכות נחלות.
Hilchot She'ilah UPikadon
The Laws of Borrowed and Entrusted Objects They contain two positive commandments. They are:
1. The laws pertaining to a borrower
2. The laws pertaining to an unpaid watchman.
הלכות שכירות. יש בכללן שבע מצוות--שלוש מצוות עשה, וארבע מצוות לא תעשה; וזה הוא פרטן: (א) דין שכיר ושומר שכר; (ב) ליתן שכר שכיר ביומו; (ג) שלא יאחר שכר שכיר אחר זמנו; (ד) שיאכל השכיר מן המחובר שיעשה בו; (ה) שלא יאכל השכיר מן המחובר שלא בשעת גמר מלאכה; (ו) שלא יוליך השכיר בידו יתר על מה שאכל; (ז) שלא יחסום שור בדישו, וכן שאר הבהמה.
Hilchot Malveh V'Loveh The Laws of Lenders and Borrowers
They contain twelve mitzvot:
Four positive commandments and eight negative commandments.
They are:
1. To lend money to a poor and unfortunate person
2. Not to demand repayment of his debt
3. To demand repayment of a gentile's debt
4. Not to forcefully take security from a debtor
5. To return security to a debtor when he needs it
6. Not to delay returning security to a poor debtor when he needs it
7. Not to take security from a widow
8. Not to take utensils used to prepare food as security
9. Not to give a loan at interest
10. For a borrower not to accept a loan at interest
11. For a person not to render assistance to a lender or a borrower with regard to a loan at interest, for him not to act as a witness or a guarantor, nor to compose a contract of loan
12. To borrow from a gentile and lend to him at interest.
הלכות שאלה ופיקדון. יש בכללן שתי מצוות עשה: (א) דין השואל; (ב) דין שומר חינם.
Hilchot To'en V'Nit'an
The Laws Governing [Disputes between] Plaintiffs and Defendants
[They contain] one positive commandment, the laws governing claims [issued by a plaintiff when the defendant] either admits to them or denies them.
הלכות מלווה ולווה. יש בכללן שתים עשרה מצוות--ארבע מצוות עשה, ושמונה מצוות לא תעשה; וזה הוא פרטן: (א) להלוות לעני ומך; (ב) שלא ייגוש אותו; (ג) לנגוש את הנוכרי; (ד) שלא ימשכן בעל חוב בזרוע; (ה) להחזיר המשכון לבעליו, בזמן שהוא צריך לו; (ו) שלא יאחר המשכון מבעליו העני, בעת שהוא צריך לו; (ז) שלא יחבול אלמנה; (ח) שלא יחבול כלים שעושים בהן אוכל נפש; (ט) שלא ייתן המלווה בריבית; (י) שלא ילווה הלווה בריבית; (יא) שלא יתעסק אדם בין מלווה ולווה בריבית, ולא יעיד ביניהן ולא יכתוב שטר ולא יערוב; (יב) ללוות מן הנוכרי ולהלוותו בריבית.
Hilchot Nachalot
The Laws Governing Inheritances
[They contain] one positive commandment, the laws governing the order of inheritance.
הלכות טוען ונטען. מצות עשה אחת, והיא דין טוען ומודה או כופר.
Thus, this book contains a total of 23 mitzvot: 11 positive commandments and 12 negative commandments.
הלכות נחלות. מצות עשה אחת, והוא דין סדר נחלות.
Sefer Shoftim
The Book of Judges
נמצאו כל המצוות הנכללות בספר זה, שלוש ועשרים--מהן אחת עשרה מצוות עשה, ושתים עשרה מצוות לא תעשה.
It consists of five halachot. They are, in order:
Hilchot Sanhedrin V'HaOnshin HaMesurim Lahem - The Laws of the Courts and the Punishments Over which They Have Jurisdiction
Hilchot Edut - The Laws of Witnesses
Hilchot Mamrim - The Laws of the Rebellious Ones
Hilchot Eivel - The Laws of Mourning
Hilchot Melachim UMilchamotehem - The Laws of Kings and Their Wars.
ספר שופטים
Hilchot Sanhedrin
V'HaOnshin HaMesurim Lahem
The Laws of the Courts and the Punishments
Over which They Have Jurisdiction
They contain 30 mitzvot:
Ten positive commandments and twenty negative commandments.
They are:
1. To appoint judges
2. Not to appoint a judge who does not know the [proper] manner of judgment
3. To follow the majority if there is a difference of opinion among the judges
4. Not to issue a death sentence if there is a majority of only one condemning the defendant. Rather, a majority of at least two is necessary
5. For a person who argued in favor of acquittal in a capital case not to argue for a conviction
6. To execute by stoning [the condemned to death]
7. To execute by burning [the condemned to death]
8. To execute by decapitation
9. To execute by strangulation
10. To hang [the corpses of certain sinners who were executed]
11. To bury the executed person on the day of his execution
12. Not to allow his corpse to remain unburied overnight
13. Not to allow a sorcerer to live
14. To [punish] a sinner with lashes
15. Not to add blows when lashing a sinner
16. Not to kill an innocent person based on an apparent conclusion
17. Not to punish a person forced [to commit a sin]
18. Not to have mercy on a person who killed or injured a colleague
19. Not to have mercy on a poor person in judgment
20. Not to honor a man of stature in judgment
21. Not to pervert judgment against a sinner even though he is [known to be] a transgressor
22. Not to act deceitfully in judgment
23. Not to pervert the justice due converts or orphans
24. To render a righteous judgment
25. For a judge not to fear rendering [a just] judgment because of a powerful person
26. Not to accept a bribe
27. Not to accept a false report
28. Not to curse the judges
29. Not to curse the nasi
30. Not to curse any other Jew of moral repute.
הלכותיו חמש, וזה הוא סידורן: הלכות סנהדרין והעונשין המסורין להם, הלכות עדות, הלכות ממרים, הלכות אבל, הלכות מלכים ומלחמות.
Hilchot Edut
The Laws of Witnesses
They contain eight mitzvot:
Three positive commandments and five negative commandments.
They are:
1. For a person who knows [relevant] testimony to testify in court
2. To question and cross-examine witnesses
3. For a witness not to render a decision in a capital case in which he has testified
4. Not to render a decision based on the testimony of a single witness
5. For a sinner not to act as a witness
6. For a relative not to act as a witness
7. Not to give false testimony
8. To punish a false witness with [the punishment] he plotted [to have the defendant receive]
הלכות סנהדרין והעונשין המסורין להם. יש בכללן שלושים מצוות--עשר מצוות עשה, ועשרים מצוות לא תעשה; וזה הוא פרטן: (א) למנות שופטים; (ב) שלא למנות דיין שאינו יודע דרך המשפט; (ג) לנטות אחרי רבים, אם נחלקו השופטים; (ד) שלא להרוג אם רבו המחייבין באיש אחד, עד שיהיו יתר שניים; (ה) שלא ילמד חובה מי שלימד זכות בדיני נפשות; (ו) להרוג בסקילה; (ז) להרוג בשריפה; (ח) להרוג בסיף; (ט) להרוג בחנק; (י) לתלות; (יא) לקבור הנהרג ביום הריגתו; (יב) שלא תלין נבלתו; (יג) שלא להחיות מכשף; (יד) להלקות לרשע; (טו) שלא יוסיף בהכית הלוקה; (טז) שלא להרוג נקי באומדן הדעת; (יז) שלא לענוש אנוס; (יח) שלא לחוס על הורג חברו או חובל בו; (יט) שלא לרחם על הדל בדין; (כ) שלא להדר גדול בדין; (כא) שלא להטות הדין על בעל עבירות, אף על פי שהוא חוטא; (כב) שלא לעוול משפט; (כג) שלא להטות משפט גר יתום; (כד) לשפוט בצדק; (כה) שלא ליראה בדין מאיש זרוע; (כו) שלא ליקח שוחד; (כז) שלא לישא שמע שוא; (כח) שלא לקלל הדיינין; (כט) שלא לקלל הנשיא; (ל) שלא לקלל אדם משאר בני ישראל הכשרים.
Hilchot Mamrim
The Laws of the Rebellious Ones
They contain nine mitzvot:
Three positive commandments and six negative commandments.
They are:
1. To follow the instructions given by the High Court
2. Not to deviate from their words
3. Not to add to the Torah, neither to the mitzvot of the Written Law nor to their explanation which was transmitted by the oral tradition
4. Not to detract from the mitzvot
5. Not to curse one's father or mother
6. Not to strike one's father or mother
7. To honor one's father and mother
8. To fear one's father and mother
9. For a son not to rebel against his father's and mother's commands.
הלכות עדות. יש בכללן שמונה מצוות--שלוש מצוות עשה, וחמש מצוות לא תעשה; וזה הוא פרטן: (א) להעיד בבית דין למי שיודע לו עדות; (ב) לדרוש ולחקור העדים; (ג) שלא יורה העד בדין זה שהעיד עליו, בדיני נפשות; (ד) שלא יקום דבר בעדות אחד; (ה) שלא יעיד בעל עבירה; (ו) שלא יעיד קרוב; (ז) שלא להעיד בשקר; (ח) לעשות לעד זומם כאשר זמם.
Hilchot Eivel
The Laws of Mourning
They contain four mitzvot:
One positive commandment and three negative commandments.
They are:
1. To mourn for our relatives. Even a priest must become impure and mourn for his relatives. A person may not mourn for those executed by the court. Therefore, I have included these laws in this book because they are connected with the burial of a person on the day of his death, which is a positive commandment.
2. For a High Priest not to become impure because of his relatives
3. For him not to enter a place where a corpse is lying
4. For a common priest not to contract impurity from contact with a human corpse, with the exception of his relatives
הלכות ממרים. יש בכללן תשע מצוות--שלוש מצוות עשה, ושש מצוות לא תעשה; וזה הוא פרטן: (א) לעשות על פי התורה שיאמרו בית דין הגדול; (ב) שלא לסור מדבריהם; (ג) שלא להוסיף על התורה, לא במצוות שבכתב ולא בפירושן שלמדנו מפי השמועה; (ד) שלא לגרוע מן הכול; (ה) שלא לקלל אב ואם; (ו) שלא להכות אב ואם; (ז) לכבד אב ואם; (ח) ליראה מאב ואם; (ט) שלא יהיה הבן סורר ומורה על קול אביו ואימו.
Hilchot Melachim UMilchamotehem
The Laws of Kings and Their Wars.
They contain 23 mitzvot:
Ten positive commandments and thirteen negative commandments.
They are:
1. To appoint a king over Israel
2. Not to appoint a convert [as a king]
3. [That the king] should not accumulate many wives
4. [That the king] should not accumulate many horses
5. [That the king] should not accumulate much silver and gold
6. To annihilate the seven nations
7. Not to allow any of them to remain alive
8. To wipe out the descendants of Amalek
9. To remember what Amalek did to us
10. Not to forget [Amalek's] wicked deeds and their ambushing [our people] on the journey [to Eretz Yisrael]
11. Not to dwell in Egypt
12. To make an offer of peace to the inhabitants of a city to which we lay siege, and to carry out the Torah's instructions should they sue for peace or not
13. Not to make an offer of peace to Ammon and Moav when we lay siege [to their land]
14. Not to destroy fruit producing trees in the process of a siege
15. To prepare a place outside the army camp where the soldiers can go to defecate
16. [For a soldier] to prepare a shovel with which he can dig [to cover his excrement]
17. To anoint a priest to speak to the soldiers at the time of battle
18. To allow a person who becomes betrothed, builds a house, or plants a vineyard to rejoice in his acquisition for a full year and to be sent back from the army camp
19. Not to call on them for any [public] duties, neither the needs of the community, the needs of the army, nor the like
20. Not to panic and flee in the midst of battle
21. The law of a yefat to'ar
22. Not to sell a yefat to'ar
23. Not to enslave a yefat to'ar after having relations with her
הלכות אבל. יש בכללן ארבע מצוות--אחת מצות עשה, ושלוש מצוות לא תעשה; וזה הוא פרטן: (א) להתאבל על הקרובים, ואפילו כוהן מיטמא ומתאבל על הקרובים. ואין אדם מתאבל על הרוגי בית דין; ולפי זה כללתי הלכות אלו בספר זה, שהם מעין קבורה ביום מיתה שהיא מצות עשה. (ב) שלא ייטמא כוהן גדול לקרובים; (ג) שלא ייכנס עם המת באוהל; (ד) שלא ייטמא כוהן הדיוט לנפש אדם אלא לקרובים בלבד.
Thus, this book contains a total of 74 mitzvot: 27 positive commandments and 47 negative commandments.
הלכות מלכים ומלחמות. יש בכללן שלוש ועשרים מצוות--עשר מצוות עשה, ושלוש עשרה מצוות לא תעשה; וזה הוא פרטן: (א) למנות מלך מישראל; (ב) שלא יימנה מקהל גרים; (ג) שלא ירבה לו נשים; (ד) שלא ירבה לו סוסים; (ה) שלא ירבה לו כסף וזהב; (ו) להחרים שבעה עממים; (ז) שלא להחיות מהן נשמה; (ח) למחות זרעו של עמלק; (ט) לזכור מה שעשה עמלק; (י) שלא לשכוח מעשיו הרעים ואריבתו בדרך; (יא) שלא לשכון בארץ מצריים; (יב) לשלוח שלום ליושבי העיר כשצרים עליה, ולדון בה כאשר מפורש בתורה, אם תשלים ואם לא תשלים; (יג) שלא לדרוש שלום מעמון ומואב בלבד, כשצרים עליהן; (יד) שלא להשחית אילני מאכל במצור; (טו) להתקין יד שייצאו בו בעלי המחנה להיפנות בו; (טז) להתקין יתד לחפור בו; (יז) למשוח כוהן לדבר באוזני אנשי הצבא בשעת המלחמה; (יח) להיות מארס ובונה בניין ונוטע כרם שמחים בקניינם שנה תמימה, ומחזירין אותן מן המלחמה; (יט) שלא יעבור עליהן דבר, ולא ייצאו אפילו לצורכי העיר וצורכי הגדוד והדומה להן; (כ) שלא לערוץ ולחזור לאחור בשעת מלחמה; (כא) דין יפת תואר; (כב) שלא תימכר יפת תואר; (כג) שלא יכבשנה לעבדות אחר שנבעלה.
There are a total of 83 halachot in these fourteen books.
נמצאו כל המצוות הנכללות בספר זה, ארבע ושבעים--מהן שבע ועשרים מצוות עשה, ושבע וארבעים מצוות לא תעשה.
Now, I will begin to explain the rules governing each mitzvah and the relevant laws that are included with them, according to the order of [these] halachot, with the help of the Almighty.
ונמצאו כל ההלכות של ארבעה עשר ספר, שלוש ושמונים הלכות.
Shabbat, 10 Tishrei 5778 / September 30, 2017
Daily Study: Hayom Yom
Shabbat, Tishrei 10, Yom Hakippurim, 5704
Torah lessons: Chumash: B'racha, Shevi'i with Rashi.
Tehillim: 55-59. Before Kol Nidrei: 115-123. Before going to sleep: 124-132. After Musaf: 133-141. After Ne'ila: 142-150.
Tanya: And from this (p. 511) ...the world to come." (p. 513).
Yom Kippur eve begin Hashem malach tageil etc. The verse Or zarua is said once, aloud. (p. 296) Al daat hakahal...is said three times, softly. Ki hinei kachomer is not repeated. Bedtime sh'ma as every Shabbat and Festival. Avinu malkeinu z'chor rachamecha etc. is said in every tefilla. On Rosh Hashana and Yom Kippur the Thirteen Attributes of Mercy (p. 183) are recited when the Scrolls are removed from the Ark, even on Shabbat. The daily Tehillim is said after Musaf.
Haftora at Mincha: Va'yhi d'var until uv'heima raba, then Mi Keil kamocha etc. L'David ori said at Mincha too. Open the Ark for Ne'ila service at Ashrei, and it remains open until after the entire Ne'ila Service. Kaddish in Ne'ila - l'eila ul'eila. Ein k'Elokeinu, Aleinu, no blessing by the kohanim.
Hayom yifneh is said even after dark. She'assa li kol tzorki (p. 8) is not said until tomorrow.
On Yom Kippur it works out that we actually fast 26 hours.1
Compiled and arranged by the Lubavitcher Rebbe, Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson, of righteous memory, in 5703 (1943) from the talks and letters of the sixth Chabad Rebbe, Rabbi Yosef Yitzchak Schneersohn, of righteous memory.
FOOTNOTES
1.Corresponding to the Divine Name Havayeh, numerically equivalent to 26. See Sefer Hasichot 5705 p. 21. See Likutei Sichot 16, p. 522.
Daily Thought:
A Leap of Failure
Everything in life is a step forward; everything has meaning. It’s just that there are two ways to move forward: Walking and leaping.
When you walk, you leave one foot in its place as the other moves ahead. You’re secure, you’re stable—and you never leave your comfort zone.
So sometimes you need to leap. But to do that, you need to first crouch down.
That’s the true meaning of failure: It is the crouch before the jump, the breakaway from the past so that you can leap into the future, an opportunity to do something totally unexpected.
Failure lets you go where your footsteps could never take you.
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